“Intelligent User Interfaces”by Hefley and Murray

IUI: A 1993 Perspective

• Intelligent User Interfaces brings together work in separate research communities– Artificial intelligence– Human-computer interaction

• Research often included– Dialog understanding– User modeling– Presentation generation– Tutoring and error remediation

Example of Challenges

• User modeling in time-critical environments– What aspects of the user do we model?– What is the representation?– How do we get information for the model?– When do we act based on the model?

• More general issues with such models– Issues of access and privacy

Abstraction of User Interaction

• What is going on in computer-human interaction?

• How do users decide what to do to achieve their goals?

Many Potential Problems

How To Help?

• Reducing the gulf of execution– Good physical designs– Recognizing user knowledge and goals

• Reducing the gulf of evaluation– Good visualization– Presentation generation

• Designing for iterative action– Dialogue management– Error remediation

• Presentation, sequencing, and representation of semantics are components

• Consider relation to model, view, controller design pattern

System Architectures

The Problem as Task Manipulation

The Problem as Domain-Oriented Interaction

Classification of Systems

• Knowledge-based systems– Components: Inference engine, consistency enforcer,

knowledge base, justifier for explanations– Application: Intelligent Tutoring Systems

• Decision support systems– Components: Dialogue management, model base

management, database management– Application: Where users must make final decisions

Adaptive Intelligent Systems

• Needs to– Learn over time– Be aware of

unforeseen situations– Be “self aware”

• History of interactions with user could be used – To inform user model– To adapt domain

model

Classes of Intelligent User Interfaces

• Intelligent Front Ends• Natural Language interfaces• Intelligent Tutoring Systems• Intelligent Help and Support Systems• Intelligent Multimedia Presentation Systems• Decision Support Systems• Adaptive Interfaces• Cooperative Intelligent Agents and Dialogue

Assistants

Relation to Class Projects

• So, this is a REALLY OLD paper … what did we learn

• Hopefully, some ideas about – what might count as an intelligent user interface, – the activities they might support, and – how they might be structured

• If time, begin discussion of projects