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INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION

SYSTEM[ ITS ]

Mentor - Asst Prof. T.T. Barik

Submitted By-SANOJ KUMARReg no: 1201229040

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Presentation outline

An overviewCurrent scenarioNecessity of ITSITS TechnologiesITS ApplicationsConclusionReferences

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AN OVERVIEW The term INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION

SYSTEM(ITS) refers to efforts to add information and communications technology to transport infrastructure in an effort to manage factors, such as vehicles, loads, and routes to improve safety and reduce vehicle wear, travel time, and fuel consumption.

ITS provides information to the road user i.e. pedestrians, vehicles either motorized or non-motorized for the easy and efficient use of existing road network.

Interest in ITS comes from the problems caused by traffic congestion

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CURRENT SCENARIO

Japan and U.S.A. seems to have initiated the whole modern day notion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s and 1970s respectively.

The World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services took place in Stockholm in September 2009 giscussing ITS in Daily Life and exploring how ITS can improve everyday mobility.

In India, Mysore is the only city where tenders for ITS has been finalized recently under the approval of World Bank and the Government of India.

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Necessity of ITSIndia is going through a periods of huge change in

transportation field due to:

Rapidly growing economy.

Insufficient and adequate public transportation system.

Rising vehicles ownership level.

Low speed, increased accidents rate, increased fuel consumption

and increased pollution level.

Traffic congestion.

Difficult to construct alternative roads to meet demands.

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Intelligent Transport Technologies

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Wireless communication

Various forms of wireless communications technologies have been proposed for intelligent transportation systems.

Short-range communications (less than 450 meters) can be accomplished

using IEEE 802.11 protocols. Theoretically, the range of these protocols

can be extended using Mobile ad-hoc networks or Mesh networking.

Longer range communications have been proposed using infrastructure

networks such as WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), Global System for Mobile

Communications (GSM), or 3G.

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Cont...

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Computational Technologies

Technological in telecommunications and information technology, coupled with Radio Frequency Identification have enhanced the technical capabilities that will facilitate motorist safety benefits for intelligent transportation systems globally.

Sensing systems for ITS are vehicle- infrastructure based networked systems.

Infrastructure sensors are indestructible devices that are installed in the road or surrounding the road as required.

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Floating Car data/Cellular data

"Floating car" data collection is a relatively low-cost methods for obtaining travel time and speed data for vehicles traveling along streets, highways, freeways, and other transportation routes.

Broadly speaking, 3 methods have been used to obtain the raw data: Triangulation Method Vehicle Re-Identification GPS Based Methods

Floating car data technology provides advantages over other methods of traffic measurement: Less expensive than sensors or cameras More coverage (potentially including all locations and streets) Faster to set up and less maintenance Works in all weather conditions, including heavy rain

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Triangulation Method.

In the mid 2000s, attempts were made to use mobile phones as anonymous traffic probes. As a car moves, so does the signal of any mobile phones that are inside the vehicle. By measuring and analyzing network data using triangulation, pattern matching or cell-sector statistics the data was converted into traffic flow information

An advantage of this method is that no infrastructure needs to be built along the road; only the mobile phone network is leveraged.

By the early 2010s, the popularity of the triangulation method was declining.

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Cont…

Vehicle Re-identification This method requires sets of detectors mounted along the road. In this

technique, a unique serial number for a device in the vehicle is detected at one location and then detected again (re-identified) further down the road. Travel times and speed are calculated by comparing the time at which a specific device is detected by pairs of sensors. This can be done using the MAC (Machine Access Control) addresses from Bluetooth devices.

GPS Based Methods An increasing number of vehicles are equipped with in-vehicle GPS

(satellite navigation) systems that have two-way communication with a traffic data provider. Position readings from these vehicles are used to compute vehicle speeds.

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Video vehicles Detection

Video vehicle detection (VVD) is the One of the most widely used method. Video detection is an image processor. It consists of a microprocessor-base CPU and software that analyzes video images. Using a mouse and interactive graphics, the user places virtual "detectors“ on the video image displayed on a monitor.

Statistics can be progressively transmitted to a server for real-time analysis.

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Cont...

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Intelligent transportation application

Electronic Toll Collection

Emergency vehicle notification systems

Automatic Road Enforcement

Collision avoidance system.

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Electronic Toll Collection

Today, most toll roads are equipped with an electronic toll-collection system, like E-ZPass, that detects and processes tolls electronically.

E-Z Pass uses a vehicle-mounted transponder that is activated by an antenna on a toll lane. The account information is stored in the transponder. The antenna identifies transponder and reads the account information. The amount of the toll is deducted and you're allowed through.

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Emergency vehicle notification systems

Intelligent transportation systems particularly the FCD (Floating Car Data ) model can also be used to provide advance warning to motorists of traffic jams, accidents and other emergency situations. This system can then provide alternative routes or recommendations to motorists so as to avoid congestion and travel delays.

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Automatic Road Enforcement

Speed cameras :That identify vehicles traveling over the legal speed limit. Many such devices use radar to detect a vehicle's speed or electromagnetic loops buried in each lane of the road.

Red light cameras :That detect vehicles that cross a stop line or designated stopping place while a red traffic light is showing

Bus lane cameras :That identify vehicles traveling in lanes reserved for buses. In some cases bus lanes can also be used by taxis or vehicles engaged in car pooling.

Level crossing cameras: That identify vehicles crossing railways at grade illegally.

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Collision Avoidance Systems

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ITS Infrastructure Benefits(1996-2015)

Accident Cost Savings (44%)

Time Savings (41%)

Emissions/Fuel (6%)

Operating Cost Savings (5%)

Agency Cost Savings (4%)

Other (< 1%)

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Conclusions Increased productivity Reduction in travel time. Reduced traffic congestion. Control over fuel consumption. Decrease in number of accidents. Safety on roads by using Vehicle Tracking System. Efficient use of existing infrastructure. Increased tourist/road user satisfaction. Patronage of public transportation system.

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References

www.wikipedia.com

www.answers.com

www.howstuffworks.com

www.tech-faq.com

www.thetravelinsider.info

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