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Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

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Page 1: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Intelligent Optical Networks

Michal Debski

Rami Abielmona

ELG 7187

Wednesday November 21, 2001

Prof. Dan Ionescu

Page 2: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Presentation Breakdown

1. Intelligent Network (IN) Breakdown

2. Optical Network (ON) Breakdown

3. IN + ON = ION

4. Features of IONs

5. Current and Future Leaders

6. Challenges and Outlook on Technology

7. Limitations and Conclusions

Page 3: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Introduction to intelligent networks (INs)

Service-independent telecommunications network, capable of operating and provisioning new services.

Initiated by Bellcore in USA in 1985 [1], with an initial goal of providing network operators with the ability of introducing and managing new services through a central database.

Basic concept involves the schism between the service providers and the telecommunication networks and equipment vendors, in order to seamlessly distribute and provision new services in various equipment.

Work has to be done to ensure that the generic components can easily interface to each other on different vendors’ equipment, through a published, open-interface standard.

The CCITT approved and published a more organized structure of intelligent networks in 1993, naming the entity the advanced intelligent network (AIN)

Page 4: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Intelligent network benefits

Rapid service introduction

Reduces latency of introducing new services throughout a network

Robust service customization

Services are adaptable and depend on the customer needs

Established vendor independence

Same equipment, different services, OR different equipment, same services

Portable open interfaces

Market is not dominated by one or two vendors, since service providers can run their products using open interfaces

Page 5: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Basic service is enhanced through added network intelligence

Provides for very rapid service turnover

Intelligent network concept

Page 6: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Intelligent peripherals remotely manage the network

Allows for a dynamic insertion of new services into the network

Intelligent network architecture

Page 7: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Evolution of network transmission technology1st Generation: Copper media

        Slow data rates

        Susceptible to noise, high loss

 

2nd Generation: Optical fibre, (late 80s)

        Supports higher data rates

        Allows for longer link lengths

        Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM, 1994):

Multiplexing of many data streams using different wavelengths

 

3rd Generation: Intelligent optical networks (1999-on)

        Integrated routing and signaling for optical paths

Optics provide an underlying flexible layer to provide network services

Page 8: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

DWDM

DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

  Physical layer for today’s intelligent optical networks

  Multiplexes multiple waves of light onto single fibre

  Able to transmit data faster and further:

        10 - 40 Gb/sec per wave

        160 waves per fibre

        1000s km per haul w/ use of amplifiers

        --> 160 * 40 Gb/sec =6.4Tb/sec

(100,000,000 simultaneous phone calls)

Page 9: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Accompanying Laser Technology

Flat gain semiconductor optical amplifiers (+20dBm)

Narrowband Tunable Lasers (1530nm-1565nm)

Tunable filters

Wavelength shifters

Optical cross-connects

Thin-film Substrates

Fiber Bragg Gratings

Bragg Optical Multiplexer

Page 10: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

DWDM System Example

DWDM Optical System with Amplifiers

ITU Channel Spacing:

Page 11: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

IONs: Merging Intelligent and Optical Networks

Ring architectures being applied to the optical network domain

Built-in network intelligence has two aspects: node-based and network-based

Page 12: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Aspects of intelligence in IONs

Node-based

Used to refer to the network elements’ intelligent software capable of sensing a module failure or a break in a fibre connection and automatically routing traffic in the opposite direction of the ring

Networks are currently capable of routing 40 optical signals in less than 50 milliseconds [3]

Network-based

Used to refer to the network’s capability of deploying new services without physical intervention

Main driver is Gigabit Ethernet (GE) and 10GE

“Point and configure” capabilities brought all the way to the end user increase value added, as customer is directly involved in the service definition

Page 13: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Advantages in IONsCentralized service control

Rapid customization and deployment of services

Remote control intervention of services

Customer intervention in service definition

Challenges in IONsCentralized ….

Classic central control problems, where if control logic is down, then service is down for the whole network

Rapid …

Rapid introduction of services could be costly from a design and testing perspective

Remote …

Security involved in allowing customers remote control has to be of the highest priority

Customer …

Increased reliance on customer feedback and telecommunication in general

Page 14: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Challenge: Routing and Wavelength Assignment

(RWA) The challenge is to route light paths through the network

   Each light path on a link has to be of a different wavelength

   Wavelength conversion allows an efficient way to route a light path through the network without collisions

   Routing inefficiencies can occur in the absence of wavelength conversion       

Page 15: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Current Implementations of IONsCurrent trend to design Opticaly Transparent Switches which feature low latency and signaling independence

Intelligent Optical Backplanes:

Provide the ability to Transport, Process and Filter Terabits of data per second

Use Dynamically Reconfigurable and Scalable Field-Programmable Smart Pixel Arrays

Scalable Architecture to provide ‘Bandwidth on Demand’

Page 16: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

The Intelligent Optical BackplaneA switching fabric composed of an parallel array of smart pixel arrays

Page 17: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Smart Pixel ArrayA smart-pixel array is a two-dimensional array of optoelectronic devices that combine optical inputs and outputs with electronic processing circuitry

A field-programmable smart-pixel array (FP-SPA) is a smart-pixel array capable of having its electronic functionality dynamically programmed in the field.

Page 18: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Smart Pixel Array

Supports hundreds of pixels at hundreds of Mb/sec

Provides reconfiguration, packet processing, filtering, buffering, broadcasting, flow-control and error detection

Page 19: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Current Market Leaders

CIENA Corporation (www.ciena.com)

CoreDirector (intelligent optical networking core switch)

LightWorks (intelligent network management software)

Sycamore Networks (www.sycamorenet.com)

SN 16000 (intelligent optical switch

SILVX (software intelligence built into NMS)

Nortel Networks (www.nortelnetworks.com)

Alteon (used across networks built on independent switching platforms)

Agilent Technologies (www.agilent.com)

Page 20: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Future outlook (1)

Service providers are faced with the challenge of managing fast growing networks while keeping operating costs and provisioning times

The old SONET/SDH network architectures and management solutions are inappropriate for the aforementioned trend

ION provides optical cross-connects (OXCs), enabling the market demand for scalable and adaptable services

OXC Innovations

Switching capacities matching DWDM needs

Supports large mesh technologies

Software driven route management

User selectable priority levels

Standard UNI provides automatic provisioning

Figure from slide 9

Page 21: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Future outlook (2)

IONs will provide for ubiquitous computing architectures, as subscribers are getting used to their services

IONs also will provide for on-demand service deployment, allowing for a great reach for the Internet

Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture (TINA) is a consortium of the top telecommunications players focused on delivering services using next-generation software. Other consortiums will aid in the transition to IONs

Page 22: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Challenges of Today’s IONs

Currently used optical rings are not topologically flexible and not scalable.

Wavelength router-switches are more flexible and can subsume both point-to-point and ring add-drop functionalities.

Trend to switch from ring to mesh or multi-ring topologies, allowing for more flexibility and better resource allocation.

Page 23: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Future of IONs

Wavelengths will routed more optimally, finding the best path and then remembering it

Optical networks will use optical framing or digital wrapper technology for signaling, enabling wavelength on demand, so transmission traffic throughout the network can match the capacity.

MPS (multi-protocol lambda switching), A "data-aware" framework that will allow for subsuming connection routing and protection activities under the IP traffic-engineering framework and will provide optimum IP-WDM layer integration. Specifically, short-reach optical interfaces on terabit IP routers will connect directly with DWDM cross-connects and will allow higher-layer protocols to request/release bandwidth in an automated manner.

Page 24: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Limitations of IONs

Network operators and equipment vendors must be convinced before technology can be widely deployed

Software glitches, network configuration faults and the like can have dire consequences on both a network and a technology

IONs go through a series of testing and verification phases, higher in level than the usual schemes:

Functional and regression

Conformance and interoperability

Stress and performance

Alpha and beta trial

Installation and commission

Page 25: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

Conclusions

Initiatives are being taken in order to deploy IONs as a core infrastructure for core-networks

Fixed mobile convergence is under way, where mobility systems are being married to INs in order to take advantage of the inherent network intelligence of INs

Reliability is the major concern for any optical network operator, and IONs have to be rigorously tested from the outset, in order to reach a certain comfort level

New services can be now deployed on-demand, and with minimal physical intervention. As well, IONs allow for a continuous link between the customer and the network operator

The open interfaces allow providers to run their services on numerous equipment

Page 26: Intelligent Optical Networks Michal Debski Rami Abielmona ELG 7187 Wednesday November 21, 2001 Prof. Dan Ionescu

References

[1] Harju, Jarmo, Karttunen, Tapani and Martikainen, Olli. “Intelligent Networks”. Chapman & Hall: Cornwall, UK, 1995.

[2] Thorner, Jan. “Intelligent Networks”. Artech House: Norwood, MA, 1994.

[3] Alcatel White Paper: “Optical Networks”.

[4] Tecorida Technologies White Paper: “Intelligent Network (IN)”.

[5] Tecorida Technologies White Paper: “International Intelligent Network (IN)”.

[6] Prof. Ted Szymanski, Intelligent Optical networks Group, “Intelligent Optical Backplanes “

[7] Kumar N. Sivajaran, Tejas Networks, “Trends In Optical networks”

[8] Sorrento Networks White Paper, “Metropolitan Optical Networks”