integumentary system. combining forms adip/o, lip/o, steat/o: fat cutane/o: skin hidr/o, sudor/o:...
TRANSCRIPT
Integumentary System
Combining FormsAdip/o, lip/o, steat/o: fatCutane/o: skinHidr/o, sudor/o: sweatichthy/o: dry, scalyKerat/o: horny tissue, corneaMelan/o: blackMyc/o: fungusOnych/o: nailPil/o, trich/o: hairScler/o: hardening Seb/o: sebum, sebaceousSquam/o: flatXer/o: dryCry/o: cold
Suffixes
-cyte: cell-derma: skin-phoresis: carrying, transmissionXen/o: foreigner, stranger
Overview • Dermatologist: a physician who specializes in
treating integumentary disorders• Function: to protect by forming a barrier and to
secrete oil, sweat and sebum• Accessory organs: hair, nails, sweat glands and
sebaceous glands
Overview
• Epidermis: the outer layer of skin that forms a protective covering for the body• Has no nerves or vessels• Dermis: the inner layer of skin, rich in blood
vessels, nerve endings, glands and hair follicles• Subcutaneous “layer”: mostly adipose tissue that
forms an insulation layer to prevent heat loss
Diseases and Conditions• Lesion: any wound, injury or pathological change in
body tissue• Systemic: pertaining to a system or the whole body• Cutaneous: pertaining to the skin• Therapeutic: treatment, remediation or curing a
disorder or disease• Abrasion: scraping or rubbing away of the surface
of the skin • Abscess: a collection of pus at the site of an
infection
Diseases and Disorders
• Furuncle “boil”: an abscess that originates in a hair follicle• Carbuncle: a cluster of boils in subcutaneous tissue• Acne: inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles
of the skin• Alopecia: absence of or loss of hair, especially on
the head
Diseases and Conditions • Burn: tissue injury caused by contact with thermal,
chemical, electrical or radioactive ingredients• First-degree “superficial”: mild burn affecting only
the epidermis• Redness, no blisters or scarring
• Second-degree “partial thickness”: affects the epidermis and part of the dermis• Redness, blistering, little to no scaring
• Third-degree “full thickness”: severe burn that destroys the epidermis and damages the dermis and subcutaneous layers• Skin is charred and black
Diseases and Conditions• Comedo “blackhead”: discolored, dried sebum
plugging a duct in the skin • Cyst: a closed sac under the skin containing fluid or
solid material• Pilonidal cyst: growth of hair in a cyst on the skin• Sebaceous cyst: a cyst filled with sebum • Eczema: redness of skin caused by swelling of the
capillaries
Diseases and Conditions
• Gangrene: death of tissue resulting from loss of blood supply to an area• Hemorrhage: large amounts of blood loss in a short
amount of time• Contusion: a hemorrhage underneath unbroken
skin• Ecchymosis: skin discoloration consisting of large
hemorrhagic areas• Petechia: small hemorrhagic spots on the skin
smaller than ecchymosis
Diseases and Conditions• Hematoma: an elevated collection of blood trapped
under the skin “bruise”• Hirsutism: excessive growth of hair in unusual
places, especially in women• Ichthyosis: a genetic skin disorder in which the skin
is dry and scaly because of a defect in keratinization• Impetigo: a bacterial skin infection with boils that
become crusted and rupture• Keloid: an overgrowth of hardened scar tissue• Psoriasis: a chronic skin disease with itchy red
patches and silvery scales
Diseases and Conditions
• Scabies: a contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite• Skin lesions: areas of altered tissue caused by
disease, injury or wounds• Tinea: a fungal infection like athletes foot or jock
itch• Ulcer: lesion of the skin or mucous membranes• Pressure ulcer: a skin ulcer caused by prolonged
pressure “bedsores”
Diseases and Conditions
• Urticaria: an allergic skin reaction “hives”• Verruca: a rounded growth caused by a virus
“wart”• Vesicle: a small, blister-like elevation on the skin
containing clear fluid • Vitiligo: loss of skin pigmentation “leukoderma”• Wheal: smooth, elevated skin that is white in the
center surrounded by redness
Skin Cancers
• Carcinoma: uncontrolled growth of abnormal (malignant) cells • Melanoma: a malignant tumor that originates in
melanocytes • Most dangerous type of skin cancer
• Basal Cell Carcinoma: skin cancer caused by over exposure to ultraviolet radiation• Most common type of skin cancer
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma: skin cancer of the epidermis• Second most common type of skin cancer
Diagnostic Procedures
• Biopsy: removal of living tissue for microscopic examination• Skin test: any test in which an allergen is applied to
the skin • Cryosurgery: use of subfreezing temperatures to
destroy abnormal tissue • Debridement: removal of foreign material from
damaged tissue• Fulguration: tissue destruction using high-
frequency electrical current
Diagnostic Procedures• Incision and drainage (I&D): incision of a lesion or
abscess followed by draining the contents• Mohs surgery: tumor tissue is removed for biopsy• Skin graft: a transplant of healthy tissue to replace
damaged tissue• Allograft: a skin graft from one person to another
person• Autograft: a skin graft from one site to another site
on the same person• Synthetic: a skin graft using artificial skin • Xenograft: a skin graft from a foreign donor (pig) to
a human
Diagnostic Procedures• Skin resurfacing: repairs damaged skin, acne scars,
wrinkles or tattoos with the use of topical chemicals, abrasions or lasers• Chemical peel: the use of chemicals to remove
outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring Cutaneous laser: laser treatments for plastic surgery• Dermabrasion: removal of acne scars, tattoos or
wrinkles using sandpaper or wire brushes
Pharmacology
• Antibiotics: kill bacteria • Antifungals: kill fungus• Antipruritics: reduce severe itching• Corticosteroids: anti-inflammatory agents
Abbreviations
• BCC: basal cell carcinoma• DM: diabetes mellitus• FH: family history• I&D: incision and drainage• PE: physical examination• SCC: squamous cell carcinoma• UV: ultraviolet