integumentary system
DESCRIPTION
Integumentary System. CHAPTER 5. Integumentary System. Skin Integument or cutaneous membrane Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer Accessory structures Hair Nails Glands. Layers and Structures of the Skin. Skin Lesions. Abrasion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Integumentary System
CHAPTER 5
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Integumentary System• Skin
– Integument or cutaneous membrane– Epidermis– Dermis– Subcutaneous layer
• Accessory structures– Hair– Nails – Glands
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Layers and Structures of the Skin
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Skin Lesions• Abrasion
– Scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area• Example: carpet burn
• Abscess– Localized collection of pus in any body part
that results from invasion of pus-forming bacteria• Example: pustule = small abscess
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Skin Lesions• Bedsore
– Ulcer in skin over a bony prominence– Also known as pressure ulcer
• Example: decubitus ulcer• Blister
– Small, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid– Also known as a vesicle
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• Bulla– Large blister
• Carbuncle– Circumscribed inflammation of skin and
deeper tissues; contains pus• Comedo
– Typical lesion of acne vulgaris• Example: whitehead = closed comedo• Example: blackhead = open comedo
Skin Lesions
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Skin Lesions• Cyst
– Closed sac or pouch in or within the skin; contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material• Example: hydrocele = fluid-filled cyst• Example: sebaceous cyst = solid-filled cyst
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Skin Lesions• Fissure
– Cracklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane• Example: anal fissure
• Fistula– Abnormal passageway between two tubular
organs; or from an organ to the body surface• Example: recto-vaginal fistula
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Skin Lesions• Hives
– Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions on skin; paler in center than surrounding edges
– Also called wheals• Example: mosquito bite
• Laceration– Tear in skin; torn, jagged wound
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Skin Lesions• Macule
– Small flat, discoloration of the skin; neither raised nor depressed• Example: bruises, freckles
• Nodule– Small, circumscribed swelling protruding
above the skin
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Skin Lesions• Papule
– Small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin
– Example: pimple, wart, elevated mole• Polyp
– Small, stalklike growth, protruding upward or outward from membrane surface
– Example: nasal polyp
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• Pustule– Small elevation of skin filled with pus
• Example: small abscess on the skin• Scales
– Thin flakes of hardened epithelium that are shed from the epidermis
• Ulcer– Circumscribed, open sore or lesion of skin,
accompanied by inflammation• Example: decubitus ulcer
Skin Lesions
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Skin Lesions • Vesicle
– Small, thin-walled, lesion containing clear fluid• Example: blister
• Wheal– Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the
skin – Paler in center than surrounding edges
• Example: hives
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Integumentary System
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Acne Vulgaris• Pronounced
– (ACK-nee-vul-GAY-ris)• Defined
– Common inflammatory disorder seen on face, chest, back, and neck
– Appears as papules, pustules, and comedos
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Albinism• Pronounced
– (AL-bin-izm)• Defined
– Condition characterized by absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
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Burns• Defined
– Tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases
– Extent of damage determined by: • Mode and duration of exposure• Thermal intensity or temperature• Anatomic site of the burn
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• First-degree or superficial burns– Example: sunburn
• Second-degree or partial-thickness burns– Example: flash contact with hot objects
• Third-degree or full-thickness burns– Example: deep burns from a fire
Burns
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Callus• Pronounced
– (CAL-us)• Defined
– Common, usually painless thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction, such as weight-bearing areas of the feet and on the palmar surface of the hands• Also known as a callosity
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Carcinoma, Basal Cell
• Pronounced– (car-sih-NOH-mah BAY-sal sell)
• Defined– Most common malignant tumor of epithelial
tissue, occurring most often on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun• Presents as a slightly elevated nodule with a
depression or ulceration in the center that becomes more obvious as the tumor grows
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• Pronounced– (car-sih-NOH-mah SKWAY-mus sell )
• Defined– Malignancy of the squamous, or scalelike,
cells of the epithelial tissue– Much faster growing than basal cell
carcinoma – Greater potential for metastasis if not treated
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
• Frequent sites on sun-exposed areas– Top of nose– Forehead– Margin of external ear– Back of hands– Lower lip
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Dermatitis• Pronounced
– (der-mah-TYE-tis)• Defined
– Inflammation of skin, seen in several different forms
– Acute or chronic– Contact or seborrheic
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Eczema• Pronounced
– (EK-zeh-mah)• Defined
– Acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and itching
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Exanthematous Viral Diseases
• Pronounced– (eks-an-THEM-ah-tus viral diseases)
• Defined– Skin eruption or rash accompanied by
inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infectious viral disease
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Exanthematous Viral Diseases• Examples:
– Rubella = German Measles = 3 day measles– Roseola Infantum– Rubeola = Red Measles = 7-10 day measles– Erythema Infectiosum = Fifth disease
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Gangrene• Pronounced
– (GANG-green)• Defined
– Tissue death due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, subsequent decay with foul odor
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Herpes Zoster• Pronounced
– (HER-peez ZOS-ter)• Defined
– Acute viral infection, characterized by painful, vesicular eruptions on the skin that follow along nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves
– Highest incidence in adults over 50
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Herpes Zoster
Image courtesy of Robert A. Silverman,M.D., Pediatric Dermatology,Georgetown University
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Impetigo• Pronounced
– (Im-peh-TYE-goh)• Defined
– Contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria • Usually forming on the face