integriertes wärmemanagement- fassadenelement€¦ · heat management by insulation today. energy...
TRANSCRIPT
WaMaFat Integriertes
Wärmemanagement- Fassadenelement
BMWI gefördertes Projekt (seit 6/2011)
Nikolaus Nestle BASF SE LudwigshafeninHaus Forum, Duisburg 10.11.11
Overview
• Multifunctional facades – really new?
• Heat management by insulation today
• Energy management beyond insulation
• WaMaFat: Multifunctional facade concepts with minimal needs for active components
• WaMaFat: The partners
Multifunctional facades
Multifunctional facadesNo separate facade
however: wall multifunctional• Mechanical strength• Shelter against wind• Thermal mass• Feeling of privacy
Multifunctional facadesNo separate facade
however: wall multifunctional• Mechanical strength• Shelter against wind• Thermal mass• Feeling of privacy
Multifunctional facades
Separate facades
• Decorative• Protection of actual
wall against elements
Multifunctional facades
Separate facades
• Decorative• Protection of actual
wall against elements• Improving caloric
performance of wall
Heat management by insulation today
Energy loss in residential buildings
Today’s ETICS*: No energy gain
*: External Thermal Insulation Construction System
Insulation onlyNo use of solar energyPassive
Heat management by insulation today
Energy loss in residential buildings
Today’s ETICS*: No energy gain
*: External Thermal Insulation Construction SystemNestle/GKP/R
Demonstrations-Passivhaus Trier-Petersberg
•Further problem with merely insulated buildings:
•Thick conventional foam layers or
•High-cost and sensitive VIPs
Insulation onlyNo use of solar energyPassive
Innovations in insulation: ways to lower λ
Nestle/GKP/R
Challenges: WorkabilityDurabilityMaterial base
Vented sheetsmaking use of Knudsen effect
Innovations in insulation: ways to lower λ
Nestle/GKP/R
Challenges: WorkabilityDurabilityMaterial base
Vented sheetsmaking use of Knudsen effect
Innovations in insulation: ways to lower λ
Nestle/GKP/R
Challenges: WorkabilityDurabilityMaterial base
Challenges:Core materials and packaging foils allowing reasonable durablity
Vented sheetsmaking use of Knudsen effect
Vacuum insulation
Even with innovative materials…
Insulation onlyNo use of solar energyPassive
Energy loss in residential buildings
Today’s ETICS*: No energy gain
*: External Thermal Insulation Construction System
With Insulation
ETICS 1.0
Energy management beyond insulation
ETICS 2.0
With Heat
Management
• Reflect or use incoming solar radiation depending on temperature conditions
• Control heat currents between interior and exterior
• Smart heat capacity
• Use as few active elements as possible• Cost• Ease of maintainance
BASF tools for passively mimicking the polar bear’s heat management
ETICS 2.0
With Heat
Management
• Insulation• Various polymer foams• Ongoing projects on advanced
(hybrid) foams
• Storage• PCMs (organic)• Research efforts in inorganic
PCMs
• Heat radiation control• Pigments with tailored absorption
behaviour• Transparent IR reflector foils• Switchable pigments
On the way to advanced heat management systems for construction applications
Translucent high-performance insulation
Thermally switching reflector pigment
Wall
Air temperature: 22 °C
Energy absorber: Solar irradiation (UV+VIS+IR) heat
Wall with increased thermal storage capacity (PCM)
Suggested system from grant application
Air temperature: 0 °C
UVVISNIR
Exterior
Interior
Protective coating
On the way to advanced heat management systems for construction applications
Translucent high-performance insulation
Thermally switching reflector pigment
Wall
Air temperature: 22 °C
Energy absorber: Solar irradiation (UV+VIS+IR) heat
Wall with increased thermal storage capacity (PCM)
Suggested system from grant application
Air temperature: 0 °C
UVVISNIR
Exterior
Interior
Protective coating
Incoming solar radiation spectrum
Rough description• About half of radiation
energy in visible and • Half in near infrared
region
Solar radiation management with pigments
On wall: reflect
Solar radiation management with pigments
UVVISNIR
On wall: reflect
On window:Reflect (or absorb) selectively
Solar radiation management with pigments
UVVISNIR
On wall: reflect
On window:Reflect (or absorb) selectively
Absorption:Possible problems due to local heating
Solar radiation management with pigments
UVVISNIR
On wall: reflect
On window:Reflect (or absorb) selectively
In WaMaFat:Reflect (selectively?)in warm environmentLow temperature: transparent
Reflections on reflecting
B. v. Vacano
Reflections on reflecting
Dazzling effects bylarge area direct reflectors
• Lower degree of direct reflections in pigment-based formulations
• Thermoopaque instead of reflecting layers
B. v. Vacano
On the way to advanced heat management systems for construction applications
Translucent high-performance insulation
Thermally switching reflector pigment
Wall
Air temperature: 22 °C
Energy absorber: Solar irradiation (UV+VIS+IR) heat
Wall with increased thermal storage capacity (PCM)
Suggested system from grant application
Air temperature: 0 °C
UVVISNIR
Exterior
Interior
Protective coating
Advanced heat management on conventional facades?
Advanced heat management on conventional facades?
• Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness
Advanced heat management on conventional facades?
• Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness
• Limit requirement U-value for walls by EnEV 2009: 0.28 W/m2K (corresponding to 8 cm Neopor)
• „Worst case“ heat flow (40 K temperature difference): 11,2 W/m2
Advanced heat management on conventional facades?
• Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness
• Limit requirement U-value for walls by EnEV 2009: 0.28 W/m2K (corresponding to 8 cm Neopor)
• „Worst case“ heat flow (40 K temperature difference): 11,2 W/m2
• Approximate solar energy flow onto (south) facade in winter semester: 100 kWh/m2 (i.e. ca. 23 W/m2)
Advanced heat management on conventional facades?
• Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness
• Limit requirement U-value for walls by EnEV 2009: 0.28 W/m2K (corresponding to 8 cm Neopor)
• „Worst case“ heat flow (40 K temperature difference): 11,2 W/m2
• Approximate solar energy flow onto (south) facade in winter semester: 100 kWh/m2 (i.e. ca. 23 W/m2)
Use solar irradiation to compensate loss heat flow instead of doubling insulation!
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – a very basic setup
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – a very basic setup
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation
• Small heat capacity, good performance only during sunshine
Action in summer:•Unwanted heating
• less severe due to different angle of incidence
• May be combined with shading
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation
• No ventilation• No energy storage
Action in summer:• Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation
Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation
• No ventilation• No energy storage
Action in summer:• Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation
Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation
• No ventilation• Reasonable energy storage by PCM: 250 Wh/m2 (i.e. about 5-8 kg/m2 using present technology)
Action in summer:• Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation
Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation
PCM
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation
• No ventilation• Reasonable energy storage by PCM: 250 Wh/m2 (i.e. about 5-8 kg/m2 using present technology)
Action in summer:• Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation
Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation
PCM
Plausible dimensions:
2 cm outer insulation1 cm PCM/strength2 cm air gap
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation
• No ventilation• Reasonable energy storage by PCM: 250 Wh/m2 (i.e. about 5-8 kg/m2 using present technology)
Action in summer:• Reflection of unwanted solar irradiation (fully passive system)
PCM
Thermo- reflective coating
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – Caloric performance
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
PCM
Thermo- reflective coating
Realistic(dark) U-value
0.8-1.5 W/m2K
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – Caloric performance
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
PCM
Thermo- reflective coating
Realistic(dark) U-value
0.8-1.5 W/m2K
Neopor similar thickness:
1 W/m2K
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – Caloric performance
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
PCM
Thermo- reflective coating
Realistic(dark) U-value
0.8-1.5 W/m2K
Neopor similar thickness:
1 W/m2K
• Reduction of heat flow by 20 % even under dark conditions
• Elimination of heat flow in sunshine (+ storage time up to 5 h)
Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – Caloric performance
Outer insulation (translucent) and protection
Absorber
Inner insulation
(conventional)
PCM
Thermo- reflective coating
Realistic(dark) U-value
0.8-1.5 W/m2K
Neopor similar thickness:
1 W/m2K
• Reduction of heat flow by 20 % even under dark conditions
• Elimination of heat flow in sunshine (+ storage time up to 5 h)
Superior caloric performance compared tosimilar thickness of insulation
WaMaFat – the consortium
• Vinylit
• BASF
• Fraunhofer ISE
• LUWOGE Consult
• Stockwerk (Fischer Architekten)
WaMaFat – time line and work packages
Nestle/GKP/R 43
AP3 Modelling
Energy flows on idealized facades
AP1 Identify existing materials
AP2 Develop functional components based
on those materials
AP4 ModellingBuilding-
scale simulations
Project time
(months)
0 12 24 36
AP5Defintion
of concept for produceable multifunctional facade system
AP6 Optimization of (existing) materials
AP7 Lab scale validation
of optimized materials
AP8 Building of
demonstrators
Implementation, demonstrators
AP3a
Visions
demands
(holisti
c) Market-driven (time scale 5…10 years)
Materials („Bottom Up“) Technology Push
Modelling („Top Down“) Market- & Future-(Social)-Pull m
odular
(multiple functionalities)
Thank you for your attention