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Integration of Renewables into Future

Power Grids

Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids

Institute of Power Systems

and Power EconomicsR&D-Building with

Transmission System Group

Testcenter for

Electric Vehicle

Infrastructure and Networks

Research Group

Energy Efficiency


Research and Consulting Topics


Smart Grid Technology Platform


Energy Transition in Germany


RES Scenario NRW

0

2

4

6

8

10

NEP Szenario A NEP Szenario B NEP Szenario C dena VNS (*) NEP Szenario B dena VNS (**)

Ad

dit

ion

sfr

om

2012

[GW

]

Windenergie Photovoltaik Biomasse


Identification of Wind Energy Potentials

Wind potential analysis Potential space

Wind speedTechnical potential

Spatial abilitiesLand-use conflicts

Excluded areasCase-by-case decisions

Noise-optimised calculation of potential spaceEconomical wind field

Determination of feasible potentials


Identification of Wind Energy Potentials


PV Potentials


Base scenario 2050 – 85% renewables –

approx. 30 TWhel

Pumped storages today:

0,04 TWh

Source: Nitsch, Sterner et al., 2010, BMU Leitszenarien Zwischenbericht

Renewable power supply and load, January to February 2050 (based on Meteo year 2006)

Ca

pa

city

(GW

)


Transmission Grid Reinforcement


Power Grid Expansion in Germany

4

5

3

5

6

4

4

7

4

1

3

4

4

2

2

2

2

2

2

22

2

2 2

02

22

01

2

2

5

2

6

2

2

2

2

2

1

2

5

5 6

2

04

2

2

4

2

1

2

2

2

02

4 4

2

2

2

2

6

8

4

22

2 1

4

2

2

6

1

04 (MV)

13 (BE/BR)12 (ST)

24 (RP/SL)

29 (BW) 30 (BW/BY) 31 (BY)

14 (NW)

20 (NW)

28 (BW)

05 (MV)

07 (BR)

19 (BR/SN)

23 (SN)

1

3

3

15 (NW)

2

1

2

Leiter innerhalb Deutschlands (Grundzustand)

Leiter in Nachbarländer (Grundzustand)

Zubauten für 2020

Zubauten für 2030

Zubauten für 2040

Anzahl paralleler Systeme2

1

2

111

1

2

22

1

1

1

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

02 (NI)03 (HH/SH)

11 (NI)

17 (NI)

18 (ST)

22 (TH)21 (HE)

16 (HE)

10 (NI)

08 (NI)

09 (NI)

25 (HE/RP)

26 (BY)

06 (HB/NI)

01 (SH)

27 (BW/HE/RP)

Transmission Network

20 billion euro until 2022

(National network development

plan)

Quelle: TU Dortmund

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

...

...

...

xx

HS/MS

MS/NS

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - - - -

- -

- -

- -

- - - - - - -

...

...

...

...

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Distribution Network

27 - 42 billion euro until 2030

(German Energy Association

Distribution Network Study)+


Distribution Grid Reinforcement


Distr. grids reach limits of capacity and voltage due to renewable

generation and new controllable load applications

growing share of

distributed

renewables

...

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

-

-

-

-

...

......

...

...

x x

Implementation of

innovative devices, grid and

operation/control concepts

new loads and load

managementSource: TU Dortmund

RWE Deutschland AG

distributed renewables

new loads

vo

lta

ge

/ V

Zeit / h

http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://www.baulinks.de/webplugin/2008/i/1821-kyocera.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.baulinks.de/webplugin/2008/1821.php4&usg=__E1mrX0ZVN8iAPoaxbqbR04S1agE=&h=342&w=152&sz=12&hl=de&start=90&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=7NotSjXlriVbUM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=53&prev=/images?q=PV+Modul&start=80&hl=de&sa=N&gbv=2&ndsp=20&tbs=isch:1







Smart Grid Components (primary)

Network Control Unit

110kV/10kV

Quelle: TU Dortmund – ie3, ABB, RWE

Active

Voltage

Conditioner

(medium

voltage

level)

Controllable Local

Network Station

(AVC, low voltage level)

1

3

4

2

8

5

6

97

MS

NS

HV/MV


Smart Grid Components (secondary)

Network Control Unit

110kV/10kV

Quelle: TU Dortmund – ie3, ABB, RWE

1

3

4

2

8

5

6

97

MS

NS

HV/MV

Functions

Protection (iProtect)

Fault Location (i3S)

Power Quality Monitoring

Topology Optimization (MS)

(Grid-4-EU)

Coordination Grid vs. RES /

„Ampel“ (proaktives Verteilnetz)

Wide Area Voltage Control (Smart Country, KIT)

Ancillary Services from DG (KIT)

Adaptive State Estimation


Ancillary Services


Distribution Grid Ancillary Services

f

Transmission

Decentralised

control

Centralised

control

Reaction Measuringu

dQlokal

dPlokal

dQzentral

dPzentral

Q

P

ce

ntr

alis

ed

De

ce

ntr

alis

ed

+

+

Transmission and distribution grid model

Balancing power by MPP-TrackingReactive power provision

Conventional instantaneous reserveConventional balancing powerShort-circuit capacity

Frequency-dependent loadVoltage-dependent load

Balancing power by storages, loads and e-mobility

Wind turbine instantaneous reserve

Controllable substation


Simulation Framework for Distribution Grid

dQdecentral

dPdecentral

ce

ntr

al

de

ce

ntr

al

+

+

Transmission and distribution grid model

Control reserve by MPP-trackingProvision of reactive power

Conventional instantaneous reserveconventional control reserveShort-circuit power

Frequency-dependent loadsVoltage-dependent loads

Control reserve by storages, loads and e-mobilityProvision of reactive power

Instantaneous reserve by wind power plants

Q

P

u dQcentral

dPcentral

u

Local control

delay inverter

Communication delay

measurment

RMS

PLL

measurment

RMS

PLL

Kdecentral,Tdecentral

Central control

PI or PKcentral,Tcentral

Automatic tap changer

PI or P

Windinertia by wind power plants

TIV,KIV

Ttrans,Ktrans Tdead

idref

LV levelHV level MV levelEHV level

iqref

Δid,l Δiq,l

Controller

Controller

fref

-

uref

Tfmeas,Kfmeas

Tumeas,Kumeas

TPf,KIf

TPu,KIu

fmeas

umeas

-

Central control model

fzuz

ul fl

imax

imin

uTrans

-

uref,tap

+10

-1

tap

PLL

RMS

Transformer model

Measurement model

Communication modelInverter

Local

control

fref,l

uref,l

Measurement

model

DG

mo

de

lC

on

tro

l m

od

el

Measurement

model

TTAP

+

+

Windinertia

0,80

0,85

0,90

0,95

1,00

1,05

1,10

1,15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Pmech

Pel

Lei

stung P

Zeit t

[s]

A

B

C

D

D`

A

E

fWI,l

idref


Regional Power Systems


Regional and Sectoral Balance


Conclusions

Transmission grid: Increased utilization of monitoring and control in the grid

Complexity for system operation rises

Smart tools need to be developed to support system operation

Distribution grid: Many new Smart Grid Technologies are being applied

Measurement devices are needed in MV/LV

Adaptive State Estimation System is required for many applications

Ancillary services: Distribution Grids provide Ancillary Services for Power System Operation

Local control concepts vs. centralized control concepts

Interface between DSOs and TSOs must be developed

Thank you very much for your attention!

Contact

Dr. Fritz Rettberg

TU Dortmund University

ie³ Institute of Energy Systems, Energy

Efficiency and Energy Economics

[email protected]

integration of renewables into future power grids -...

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