Integrating Technology &

Creating Change

By: Kayla Connelly

Chapter OverviewChapter 4 discusses technology integration and educational change to help teachers infuse technology into both classroom instruction and professional work.

Technology Integration &

Educational ChangeTechnology Integration: the ways that teachers

build technology into all aspects of their professional work

Educational Change: innovations by teachers that create new patterns of teaching and learning in schools

Remember…1:Technology can either automate (reproduce

existing practices) or infomate (change existing practices)-depending on how it is used by teachers.

2:Thinking creatively about using technology in teaching means constantly asking, “What can teachers and students do with technology that cannot be done without it?”

Technology and the Work of a Teacher

Inside-the-classroom use by teachers

Internet researchPowerPoint presentationsEducational softwareEducational websitesStudent participation systemsTeacher-made blogs, websites, and wikis

Outside-the-classroom use by teacher

Grade and attendance recordkeepingProfessional correspondenceProfessional and personal writingResearchHome-school communicationEducation networking

Inside-the-classroom & outside-the-classroom use by students

Internet researchGroup projectsHomework assignmentsCreative writingMath, science, English, or history projects

Electronic & Digital Tools

1:Technology-Based Library-using technology to create & maintain a collection of resources for teaching and learning

2:Technology-Based Textbook-using technology to create books & other teaching materials for students to use in class

3:Technology-Based Learning Environment-using technology to create anywhere, anytime opportunities for learning, both in & outside of school

4:Technology-Based Teaching Tool-using technology to generate new instructional opportunities for teachers & students

5:Technology-Based Office-using technology to organize & manage the professional work of teachers

What’s Your Opinion?

As you think about using technology in your teaching, consider the following questions:

1: What are specific ways that you can integrate technology into your work as a teacher inside the classroom?

2: What are specific ways you can integrate technology into your work outside the classroom?

3: How do these uses of technology improve classroom instruction and student learning?

Technology Integration Stages & Issues

• Integrating technology into teaching takes patience, perseverance, and willingness to involve students in learning about technology.

• A technology-using educator can be defined as someone who…– Makes informed choices– Explores technology– Promotes change

Inclusion and Infusion Technology

Technology use in schools tends to follow one of two broad patterns: inclusion or infusion.

• Inclusion: means that computers and other information technologies are used mainly for traditional purposes of transferring information and practicing skills

• Infusion: means that computers and other information technologies are ongoing features of teaching and learning in all academic subjects at all grade levels

Stages of Technology Integration

1:Entry-a teacher needs to gain specific skills in how to use computers and technologies before she or he is able to think about how to apply new knowledge to classroom situations

2:Adoption-a teacher knows enough to use technology in the classroom, but only at a basic level and occasionally

3:Adaption-a teacher is using technology regularly as part of teaching4:Appropriation-a teacher is using technology as both inside-the-classroom and

outside-the-classroom tool5:Invention-a teacher is exploring new ways to creatively use technology in and out of

the classroom as well as adding emerging technologies to a personal repertoire of professional skills and practices

What Stage of technology integration are you?

Features of a technology-Integrated

Classroom1. Most students are independently choosing the technologies appropriate to their learning

objectives.2. Students are highly involved with their teacher and peers in planning for the use of

technology in a unit or lesson.3. In group activities using technology, a high degree of collaboration is exhibited.4. When using technology, most students act ethically and in accordance with the district

acceptable use policy.5. Most students exhibit skill in the effective use of available technologies at or above grade

and ability levels. 6. In using technology, most students are focused on the intended curricular objectives.7. Most specific technology skills are embedded and learned in the context of core curriculum

lesson objectives.8. Problem solving and higher order thinking is evident in most students’ activities.9. Most students are highly engaged in the use of technology.10. Student use of technology is based on their cognitive abilities and physical needs.11. Most technology uses represent learning activities that could not otherwise be easily done.

Technology Integration Issues

Successful technology integration is affected by a number of issues that arise within the work of classroom teachers.

• Administrative Support & Teaching Style• Unwillingness to Change Favorite Lesson Plans to include

Technology• Reluctance to Use Technology When Teaching New Lesson

Plans• Using Technology as a Reward or Punishment• Using Technology as an Add-On to Other Activities• Using Technology to Separate Students by Ability Groups

Tech Tool 4.1Lets try the smart board & explore

these websites on our own!

Page 92

The Digital Divide, Digital Inequality, and the Participation Gap

• The digital divide continues to be persistent and complex technology integration issue.

• Page 94 in our textbook shows internet access among different demographic groups

Does any of this information surprise you?

A Digital Inequality Perspective

Digital inequality-the idea that access to the latest computer technology varies greatly within society with low-income and non-white Americans less likely to be able to afford and use the newest toolsSocial informatics-social science approach where technology’s impacts on society are considered within the context of larger social, economic, and political realitiesParticipation gap-students who lack 24/7 access to the latest technologies lag behind their peers technologically and educationally

Integrating Technology While Addressing the

Participation GapOne-to-One Laptop Computing-every student in a grade,

school, or district has her or his own computing device to use in school

One/Two/Three Time Activities-instructional mode that uses technology as a central element of classroom learning

Cooperative Learning and Groupwork-students work together in pairs, trios, or other configurations of small groups on projects and assignments

Electronic Textbooks-interactive, dynamic way to integrate computer technology into the teaching of class material

Technology Integration & Educational Change

• When you integrate technology into classroom instruction, student assignments, professional recordkeeping, or some other aspect of teaching, you will be creating educational change in your school.

• To understand the connection between technology integration and educational change the next 5 slides are important for technology using educators!

Technology and the Culture of Schools

Maintaining Existing Patterns in School Creating Change in School

Automate Infomate

Type I technology applications Type II technology applications

Learning from computers Learning with computers

Automate or Infomate

Automate-technological improvements that do not fundamentally change existing practices

Infomate-coined by Alan November to indicate when technology is used to create new learning possibilities for students and teachers

What type of classroom teacher will you be?

Type I and Type II Technology Applications

Type I-activities that largely maintain existing practicesType II-activities that innovate or challenge existing

practicesType I Type II“Type I usage predominates and uses computing to make traditional teaching practices easier and more efficient.”

“Type II usage…employs computers to make available new and better ways of teaching children.”

“User involvement is relatively passive, and what happens on the screen is largely predetermined by the programmer.”

“The user is the most important actor in the interaction and is the primary controller of what happens on the screen.”

“Rote skills are emphasized, and the computer is largely employed as an electronic flashcard machine.”

“Problem solving and other thinking skills are emphasized, and the computer is employed as a tool to aid cognitive processes.”

Computers as Mindtools

Mindtools-learning technology that promotes problem solving and critical thinking by students and teachers, coined by David Jonassen

Computer literacy-learning the names, functions, and procedures of computer hardware and software

Involving Students in Educational Change

1. Conduct individual interviews with students2. Engage students in writing exercises3. Administer needs analysis surveys and hold open

forums4. Engage and train students to be researchers5. Form diverse student leadership teams6. Conduct student-run focus groups7. Administer course evaluations8. Engage students as educational systems designers

Technology and Change in Your Future Classroom

Automate or infomate? Type I or Type II technology application? Learning from computers or learning with computers? Each of these concepts invites teachers and students to critically examine how they might use technology to change educational practices.

Writing with Digital Pens and Digital Notebooks

Digital Pen-a writing instrument that sends someone’s written text to a computer where it can be converted into printed text or emailed to others as a image file (page 103)

Digital Notepad-writing device that allows users to write and draw on regular paper and convert those images to digital text

Who has ever used these tools? Would you consider ever implementing them into your classroom?

Preparing Class Notes Electronically

Tablet PC-a portable computer with real-time inking capacity that allows users to add and save writing directly to the screen

Using Technology to create Change

Technology Automate (Learning from Computers)

Infomate (Learning with Computers)

Email and instant messaging Rapid communication between friends

Peer-to-peer and teacher-to-student homework support

Web research homework assignment

Researching content information online

Critically evaluating online information

WebQuest Focus on specific facts or procedures; students work alone

Focus on issues and concepts; students work together

Using the Technology You Have Successfully

• Successfully using the technology available in the classroom is an ongoing challenge for teachers

• There is no single best formula for what to do, mainly because technology is not evenly distributed among schools.

Types of Technology-Equipped Classrooms

• Classrooms without computers are becoming less and less common• In many schools, a teacher will have a single computer at their desk

and the students can access multiple computers in the schools library or computer lab

• Newer or recently refurbished schools often feature multiple computers in the classroom (teacher and student)

Four dimensions of technology-equipped classroomsPage 106

Strategies for Single and Multiple Computer

ClassroomsInformation-single or multiple computers in a classroom perform

as always-on-call librarians and always-available tutors for individuals, pairs, or small groups

Interaction-students can access computer and online resources where they interact with the computers for learning

Presentation-the computer becomes a large or small group presentation tool when connected to a digital projector or television set

Rotation-the computer becomes one of three different learning experiences in the previously discussed instructional format called one/two/three time (stations)

Well that was chapter 4 in a nutshell!

Are you ready to integrate technology and create change in your future classroom?