Rendering courtesy of Bohlin Cywinski Jackson Architects

Integrating Energy Conservation and Occupant SafetyJohn Duffy, PE Principal

Affiliated Engineers

Bryan Schanely, PE Project Engineer

Duke University

I2SL Conference 2019

Session E1

Tuesday, October 22, 1019

Courtesy of BCJ

Learning Objectives

• Understand the value of wind wake studies.

• Identify strategies for reducing ventilation rates and responding to adverse air quality events.

• Identify opportunities to extend redundancy to electrical systems.

• Understand how to integrate high performance buildings and occupant safety.

2

Duke University Pratt Engineering Building

• 3 Research Neighborhoods• Health Innovation

• Computing & Intelligent Systems

• Environmental Health

• Campus Utilities• 40ºF / 60ºF Chilled Water

• 120 PSIG Steam

• 12.47 KV Normal Power

• 12.47 KV Emergency Power

3Courtesy of BCJ

Courtesy of BCJ

Building Organization

4

Building Organization

5

Building Organization

6

Maintenance Safety Design Elements

• N+1 Redundancy• Fan Wall AHUs

• Exhaust Fans

• Heat Exchangers

• Steam• Dedicated Service Entrance Room

• 2 Exits

• Second PRV Room

• Electric Autoclaves

• Heat Recovery Bypass

• Push Button Hand Stops at AHUs

7

Decoupled HVAC System

8

Decoupled HVAC System

9

Energy Recovery

10

• Exhaust Air• Preheat

• Precool

• Combined Pre & Reheat• Lower DP

• Wrap Around Heat Pipe• Refrigerant Phase Change

• Heat Recovery Redundancy• Pumps

• Heat Exchangers

Electrical Distribution Redundancy

11

Health & Safety Design Elements

• Redundant (A & B) Primary Service• 2 Indoor Transformers• Main-Tie-Main Service Entrance Switchgear

• 12.47 KV Campus Central Generator• 2 Plants• 6.5 MW, 9.75 MW, 13 MW• Looped Distribution

• Redundant Distribution• Dual 4 Pole Breakers• A & B Electrical Risers• Split M & P Power

• Electrical Maintenance• No Work on Energized Primary Equipment• Managed Shutdowns at Individual Panels 12

Wind Wake

13

Google Earth Image

Courtesy of Skanska

Wind Wake

14

Looking West Looking East

Wind Wake Stack Options

15

Courtesy of CPPCourtesy of CPP

Wind Wake

16

Link to 30 to 60 second video

Wind Wake Summary – Adjacent Emissions Results

17

• Steam Plant – Natural Gas• NIOSH /OSHA Compliment• < 1% Odor

• Steam Plant - Oil• <1% NIOSH / OSHA Compliment• 3% Odor

• 3,000 KW Diesel Generator• NIOSH / OSHA Compliment• < 7% Odor at Pratt• 11% Odor at OIT

• Fitzpatrick Building• 3 Discharge Points• No Impact to Pratt

Wind Wake Summary – Pratt Emissions Results

18

• 400 HP Diesel Delivery Truck• NIOSH / OSHA Compliment

• < 1% Odor at Pratt AHU

• < 3% Odor at Old Chemistry

• Pratt Lab Exhaust• No Impact to Pratt

• No Impact to Other Buildings

Wind Wake Summary

19

• AHUs in Penthouse

• 4 Stacks / Exhaust Fans• Stacks, no Area Well

• N+1 Redundancy

• 10’ Stack Height

• Variable Volume

• 1,500 to 3,000 FPM

• Energy• Constant Volume: 980,000 kWH

• Variable Volume: 450,000 kWH

• Annual Savings: 530,000 kWH

• Annual Savings (at 0.0724/kWh): $38,500

Courtesy of CPP

Facility Monitoring

20

• Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)• VOCs, Solvents, Gases

• Heated Tungsten Trioxide Semiconductor

• Inverse Electrical Resistance

• 0.3 to 3.0 PPB

• Photoionization Detector (PID)• UV Light

• Ionization Potential

• Electron Volts (eV)

• 0.1 to 1.0 PPB

• FMD and Duke OESO Dashboard

• Sensor Suite Calibration Every 6 Months

Facility Monitoring

21

• 4 ACH Occupied

• 8 to 10 ACH Automatic / Hand Purge Mode

• 6 ACH• 10,000 CFM

• $50,000 to $60,000

• 8 ACH• 20,000 CFM

• $100,000 to $120,000

• Annual Service Contract• Sensor Calibration, Vacuum Pumps, Air Data

Routers, Network Server

• Optimizer

Energy Performance & Occupant Safety

• Design Elements• Chilled Beams• AHU Heat Recovery• High Efficiency Heat Recovery• 0.62 W/SF Lighting & Vacancy Sensors• High Performance Hoods• Low Flow Fixtures

• Wind Wake Testing• Reduced Lab Exhaust Velocity

• Facility Monitoring System• Reduced Ventilation Rates

• Robust Commissioning Program

• 222 kBTU v 345 kBTU22

Courtesy of Skanska

Rendering courtesy of Bohlin Cywinski Jackson Architects

Questions?

John Duffy, PEAffiliated Engineers

Chapel Hill, NC

Bryan Schanely, PEDuke UniversityDurham NC, NC