Integrated Term ProjectIntegrated Term ProjectOn

Fax Machine

By:Parul VashistSabari Gireesh Santhosh

IntroductionIntroductionConsist of Image Scanner, Modem and

PrinterAlexander Bain-1843Analogue and DigitalPost 1970 RevolutionsDocument PrivacyTelephone and Internet FaxFax Servers

History of Fax MachinesHistory of Fax MachinesSamuel Morse- TelegraphAlexander Bain- 1843Consisting of a moving pendulumWire TransmissionFedrick Backewll- 18511861- Telefax by Giovanni CaselliCommercial Transmission1881- Shefford Belward- PhototelegraphCan Scan Two Dimensional objects

History of Fax MachineHistory of Fax Machine1900- Bildtegraph by Arthur KornLead to Radiograph- ShipsWireless Transmissions- 1920’s1924- Richard Rager for R.C.AAT & T made Colour FascmileTelephone Transmission- 1970’sSound Signals and its principalMass Spread- 1965 xerox and Post 70’s

Panasonic

Working of Fax MachineWorking of Fax MachineConsist of a Rotating DrumConsist of a Photo SensorTransmission- black and white toneReceiving SignalsPrinting

Modern Fax MachineModern Fax Machine Image Sensor to Scan InfoStandard Encoding of InfoSpeed of Sending (b/s)The bits received are of three types: Decoded Uncompressed ReassembledPrinting: Thermal Paper Thermal Film Inkjet Laser Computer Printing

Instruction for sending and receiving Instruction for sending and receiving a Faxa Fax

Plugged into Power and telephone lineReceivers Fax numberPlacing of documents for faxingCoversheet: Details of receiver and

senderDial Number and send the faxConfirmation Report or Message

Categories of Fax machinesCategories of Fax machinesGroupClassData Transmission RateCompression

GroupGroupAnalogue- Group1 & Group 2Digital- Group 3 & Group 4Fax Over IP (FOIP)

Digital transmission RateDigital transmission Rate

ITU Standard Released Date Data Rates (bit/s) Modulation Method

V.27 1988 4800, 2400 Phase Shift Keying(PSK)

V.29 1988 9600, 7200, 4800Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

V.17 1991 14400, 12000, 9600, 7200Trelis Code Modulation (TCM)

V.34 1994 28800Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

V.34bis 1998 33600Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

CompressionCompressionTo reduce the number of bits that have

to be transferred technique of compression is used. It can be done in three techniques:

Modified Huffman (MH)Modified Read (MR)Modified Modified Read (MMR)Matushita Whiteline Skip

Fax PaperFax Paper Steps for choosing the right fax paper: Step 1

Check fax manual to see if any particular type of paper is recommended. Find out whether laser or ink-jet paper is needed. Or, if there is older fax machine that uses thermal printing, a thermal fax paper would be needed. Thermal fax paper cannot be recycled.

Step 2

Check the size of paper needed. Most American fax machines use 8.5-inch by 11-inch paper. 

Step 3

Consider the usage of paper like whether full-color faxes would be received or sent. If so, a paper which is suitable for colour printing is being used.

Fax Paper Contd.Fax Paper Contd. Step 4

Decide whether environmentally friendly recycled fax paper is needed or not. Paper with 30 percent post-consumer waste often costs about the same as "virgin" paper. Recycled paper with more than 30 percent post-consumer waste probably costs a little more.

Step 5Visit a few local computer or business supply stores to browse different brands of paper and find the best prices. A sales associate can offer you advice and explain your options. Keep a lookout for any sales or ads. 

Types of Fax machinesTypes of Fax machinesThermal paper machinePlain paper machineThermal Printing machine

Types of Printing CartridgeTypes of Printing Cartridge

Films Usage Yield Price

THERMALUsed by thermal fax machines

100 A4 sheets Rs 54 for 30 metres

CARBON FILMUsed by some plain paper fax machines and a few thermal machines.

350 sheets of A4 (letterhead) size paper

Rs 750 for a 100metres carbon film

INKJETUsed by some plain paper fax machines.

1000 pages of A4 (letterhead) size paper

Rs 1,000 for 10ml

TONER (LASER)Used by laser printing fax machines

3500 A4 sheets Rs 3,000

Other FeaturesOther FeaturesAutomatic paper HandlingMultiple Delay transmissionMemory receptionBuilt in TelephoneComputer Printer CompatibilityInbuilt answering machineSpeaker phone

Connecting Fax machine to Connecting Fax machine to optimum Voice lineoptimum Voice line

TroubleshootingTroubleshootingImage qualityPaper jamsConnective Tissues

Steps for resolving common Steps for resolving common problems in a Fax machine problems in a Fax machine Step1

Check the phone line connected to fax machine for problems. This is one of the most common reasons fax machines don't work. Connect the phone line to a regular telephone and listen for a dial tone. If there is no dial tone, replace the phone cord to see if that was the problem. If that isn't the problem, test the other phone lines in the office. If the other lines aren't working, contact phone provider to have them fix the phone line.

Step2Look at the electrical cord of the fax machine if the unit won't power on or work at all. Check that the cord is properly plugged into the wall and into the back of fax machine. If it is, and it still isn't working, replace the cord.

Steps Contd.Steps Contd. Step3

Inspect the lamp on your fax machine to see if it is working properly. Fax machines may receive faxes, but not send them if the bulb is burned out.

Step4

Open the cover of fax machine,if there are complaints that fax machine isn't sending quality faxes. Do this by pulling on the front panel of the unit. Using a soft cloth, clean out the dust and debris from this front panel. Accumulation of dirt here could definitely be the problem.

Step5

Watch for any toner or ink splotches on the inside of fax machine. If copies or faxes aren't printing at a high quality, there would be an ink problem. When toner cartridge is shaked, it should be shaked cleanly and no toner should leak out. If there is a leaky cartridge, it is bad.

 

Fax Software'sFax Software'sWindows XPWindows VistaMac / LinuxUbuntuOthers

Various ModelsVarious Models

Panasonic Inkjet Fax Machine Hewlett Packard Printing & Imaging HP Inkjet Fax 9

Xerox 2121 fax MachineSharp FO-DC550 Laser Fax Machine

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