integrated science m2 the central nervous system
TRANSCRIPT
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
THE CENTRAL THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE CENTRAL THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM
Module 2 Module 2 Unit 6 Unit 6 Lesson 2Lesson 2
Integrated Science Integrated Science
BEGINBEGIN
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Look at the image on the cover slide for about 1 – 2 minutes. You see what appears to be a female dancer pirouetting on her tip-toe. NOTE: “Some observers initially see the figure as spinning clockwise and some counter clock-wise. Additionally, some may see the figure suddenly spin in the opposite direction.”
Is your central nervous system involved in what you perceive and how you perceive it?
Let’s see what we can find out!
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
On completing this slide presentation, you should be able to:
search for information and share ideas.
describe the parts of the central nervous system and overall role in sensing and coordination.
list the main functions of the brain and the spinal cord.
recall the types of neurones and their functions.
distinguish between a neurone and a nerve.
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
1 – The Central Nervous System
Click and look at the illustration to remind yourself of the main structural and functional divisions of the nervous system, from:
http://aspenbishopfamnet/images/CNS2jpg
Remember that these divisions are mostly for convenience --- for us to understand how our body parts work, because there is inter-connection between the nerves of the PNS, our sense organs and sensory receptors, the effectors and the two parts of the CNS.
Remember too, that the structures of the CNS and PNS work with the hormones of the endocrine system to control and regulate all our life processes and body functions.
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
1. The Central Nervous SystemThe parts
The brain and the spinal cord make up the Central Nervous System (CNS).
All stimuli from sensory receptor cells/organs are interpreted in the CNS.
All impulses to trigger responses by effectors come from the CNS.
Parts of the CNS
Click and watch/listen to this video clip from > http://wwwyoutube.com/watch?v=RUHGI8IixU0&NR=1&feature=endscreen
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
1. The CNS Activity 1.1 – The Brain
1. Click open and watch from 0.16 from > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z48xmSxo8Co&feature=fvwrel
2. Read and examine the two diagrams http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/
Brain/Aboutbraintumours/Thebrain.aspx
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3. Name the three main areas of the brain. Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Brain stem
4. From the second diagram and text, name the lobes of the cerebrum.
5. Use the diagrams and information from the site above and below to recall the functions of each lobe. Complete the table on the next slide
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUEwGGsB43c&feature=related
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital Temporal
CHECK
CHECK
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
1. The CNS Activity 1.1 – The Brain
5. Complete this table.
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Action Part of the Brain used
Part of the Brain used
Heart beating Brainstem
Riding a bicycle Cerebellum – for balance and coordination of movements.
Blinking and seeing
Sensory and Motor cortex of the cerebrum.
Answering your teacher in Spanish
Temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
Doing mathematics homework
Parietal lobe of the cerebrum.
Read more!
CHECK
CHECK
CHECK
CHECK
CHECK
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
1. The CNS Feedback to Question 5, Activity 1.1 – The
Brain
Heart beating
The Medulla Oblongata controls your involuntary muscles in the heart [the ones that work without you even thinking about it. It instructs these muscles to pump blood at a rate which is needed to complete the activities in the body.
Riding a bicycle
The Cerebellum coordinates how your muscles work together to produce balance and movement. The motor cortex of the cerebrum might also be involved.
Doing mathematics and Blinking and Seeing
The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain controlling both voluntary and unconscious and sensory activities. Ability to do mathematics is one function of the parietal lobe. Blinking is unconscious and seeing is conscious.
Doing oral Spanish
The temporal lobe helps us with memory, understanding and language. cont’d
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
1. The CNS Feedback to Question in Introduction,
Slide 2
Is your central nervous system involved in what you perceive and how you perceive it?
.NOTE : You see the figure on the cover slide spinning and changing directions because of what your brain is trying to do.Your brain receives ‘information’ from nerve impulses sent from receptors in your eyes to the visual area, temporal lobe and other brain centres, and it is interpreting those nerve impulses based on prior observations and information that it has stored.
But, the figure has nothing surrounding/near to it, so “the illusion derives from an inherent ambiguity from the lack of visual cues for depth.”Ref: > http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Left_spinning_dancer.gif
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
1. The CNS - Spinal Cord10
The spinal cord is a bundle of nerve tissues. It
has protective membranes or meninges
covering it and it is further protected within a
series of bones, called vertebrae (that form
the backbone or spinal column) through whose centre the cord extends
down from the brain.
Click and watch at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QwvbLF-nQk&feature=related
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
1. The CNS - Spinal Cord11
The spinal cord is a conduit for nerve impulses to and from the brain and also a centre for integrating and coordinating certain automatic response actions.
The spinal cord is a conduit for nerve impulses to and from the brain and also a centre for integrating and coordinating certain automatic response actions.
A model of segments of the human vertebral column. Pairs of spinal nerves extend out on either side between the vertebrae. The spinal cord itself is not visible!
A model of segments of the human vertebral column. Pairs of spinal nerves extend out on either side between the vertebrae. The spinal cord itself is not visible! Click & watch: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwuV5JbgCNk&feature=related
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION Click and watch the video to learn the parts of the
spinal cord.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGPlW9ZNsCo
The H-shaped grey matter in the centre contains cell bodies of nerve cells or neurones; the white matter is the nerve fibres covered by a fatty Myelin sheath.
The spinal cord is surrounded by protective membranes.
1. Activity 1.2 – X.S of Spinal Cord
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
2. Connections with the CNS The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves that are connected to the brain and spinal nerves that originate from the spinal cord.
There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves that come from the brain and ennervate the body directly, without passing through the spinal cord. Some important cranial nerves that you’ll encounter later are: the olfactory (sensory fibres from nose) and optic (sensory fibres from the eyes). The vagus (wanders all over the body, with sensory fibres especially to the heart, lungs, and visceral organs and also motor fibres to other areas).
Thirty one (31) paired spinal nerves pass out of the cord, connecting the spinal cord to sense organs, muscles and glands in all parts of the body.
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Career Focus – A Neurologist
Research Topic –
Who is Jamaican Dr. Michelle Lee?
Do research online or offline to find out how she has used her knowledge and training to assist people suffering with neurological problems.
Check > http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070812/out/out1.html
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Review Activity: 2.1
Indicate whether each of the following, listed below, is part of the central nervous system (CNS) or the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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CNS PNS
CNS
Brain
Autonomic nervous system
Spinal nerves
Spinal cord
Cranial nerves
Part of nervous system
PNS
PNS
PNS
CNS
CNS
CNS PNS
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
3. What is a Neurone?
A neurone is a nerve cell. It has 3 main parts: the dendrites, the cell body and the axon.
There are other sections of the neurone and each plays a role in its overall function which is to transmit nerve impulses between various parts and the CNS.
1.Click and watch ‘The 3 Types of Neurons’ at -http://www.kidport.com/reflib/science/HumanBody/NervousSystem/video/NerveTypesVideo.htm
2.Then, read and use the diagrams and also watch the video to recall the parts of a neurone and their functions from -http://www.revisescience.co.uk/2011/schools/hach/cb1nerves3.asp
3.Now, why don’t you try the ‘Matching’ test at the bottom of the web page? OK?
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
3. What is a neurone?Transmission of impulses
A neurone or nerve cell receives and transmits nerve impulses in one direction only along its fibre (axon).
When a neurone is not sending impulses, it has what is called a resting potential and it has a slightly negative charge inside of it.
When a neurone is to transmit nerve impulses, it develops an action potential which is moved or propagated along the axon automatically.
An action potential is an electro-chemical process; the impulse travels along the fibre by electrical means, till it reaches the synapse which is a space forming the junction between two neurones.
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
3. What is a neurone?Transmission of impulses
An action potential cannot cross the synapse between neurones, so, the action potential stimulates the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters which diffuse across the synaptic gap and eventually initiates another electrical action potential.
Once the impulse starts in the next neurone, enzymes break down the neurotransmitter. In this way, nerve impulses can travel only in one direction at a synapse.
Look at the video clip at - http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/thenervoussystemrev2.shtml
So, the nerve impulse is carried electrochemically: by electrical means - i.e. nerve impulses, as well as by chemical means i.e. neurotransmitters at synapses.
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Once the impulse starts in the next neurone, enzymes break down the neurotransmitter. In this way, nerve impulses can travel only in one
direction at a synapse.
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Review Activity 3.1
The diagram below shows a cross-section of the spinal cord. Use the words in the list below to label parts A to F. Grey matter; Motor neurone in ventral root; Muscle fibres; Pain receptors in skin; Relay neurone; Sensory neurone
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CHECK CHECK ANSWERSANSWERS
pain receptors
sensory neuron
muscle fibres
grey matter of spinal cord
motor neuron
relay neuron
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Feedback to Review Activity 3.1
In the labelled diagram, you can see the relationship between the Spinal cord – a coordination and regulating centre of the CNS -- and its link to neurones that make up a spinal nerve of the PNS, and also their connection to receptor and effectors.
Check the labels below --- Did you get them correct?
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
4. Are nerves the same as neurones?
A nerve is an ‘information pipeline’ between the CNS and various tissues and organs. Each nerve is made up of the axons or nerve fibres of many neurones. Within the nerve there are blood vessels.
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Sets of neurone fibres are encased in a connective tissue tube, forming a bundle.
Within each nerve are a number of bundles. All of the bundles are surrounded by perineurium.
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
4. Are nerves the same as neurones?
A nerve can be purely sensory, or purely motor or it can be mixed. Most nerves in the body are made up of both sensory and motor fibres.
Motor nerves contain only nerve fibres from motor or effector neurones. They carry messages from the brain to muscles to make various body parts move.
What kind of fibres would you expect to find in a sensory nerve?
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A Sensory nerve would contain only nerve fibres from sensory/receptor or afferent neurones, carrying messages to the CNS from receptors in different parts of the body about the stimulus of pain, light, pressure, sound etc.
CHECK
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
SUMMARY
1. Click and read from this website: http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/audio/science_aqa_core/nervous_system.mp3
The nervous system enables us to respond to and survive in our environment. It is made up of nerve cells called neurones and is organized into two main sections – the CNS and PNS .
The brain and the spinal cord interpret the nerve impulses they receive from receptors and ‘instruct’ effectors to produce changes called responses.
Parts of the brain perform specific functions.
2. Watch: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGjaP_bO37I&NR=1&feature=endscreen
Sense organs have receptors whose impulses are converted to responses called the senses.
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
REVIEW and QUIZ
This section has just one multiple choice (M.C.) item, and an On-line M.C. Quiz for you to try.
There are also some Review Activities that you are required to answer.
Click BEGIN to proceed.
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BEGIN
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
QUIZ: M.C. Question 1
Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly answers this question:
What feature of the neurone is essential for transmitting nerve impulses over a large distance?
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B. branched endings forming the dendrites
D. dense cytoplasm in the cell body
C. possession of a nucleus
A. A long fibre forming the axon
FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
QUIZ: M.C. Question 1
Feedback to M.C. Question 1 -
A is the correct answer because the axon of neurones are used to carry impulses over a long distance in the body.
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NEXT NEXT QUESTIONQUESTION
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Online Quiz
Go to this website and try the online quiz which consists of 15 multiple choice items.
http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=nervous-system-quiz_4
Check your answers when you’ve finished.
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NEXT NEXT QUESTIONQUESTION
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Review Activity: Question 1
Question1. How do the CNS and PNS relate to each other?
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Feedback to Review Activity: Question 1The peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprises the cranial and spinal nerves and also the sense organs and receptor cells in the body. The nerves are the lines of communication between the Central Nervous system (CNS) – i.e. the bran and spinal cord – where all integration and interpretation of stimuli occur as well as the triggering of impulses to cause effectors to respond to the stimuli. CHECK
NEXT NEXT QUESTIONQUESTION
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Review Activity: Question 2
Print the diagram from this website and label it. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/brain/label/neuron.shtml2
Open the link below and answer questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 and 10 in your notebook. Hand them in to your teacher for marking.
http://wikieducator.org/The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Nervous_System_Worksheet
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NEXT NEXT QUESTIONQUESTION
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Review Activity: Question 3
1. Name the three numbered parts.2. State two main functions of each part.
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Part 1. Brain •Enables sensing, thinking, learning and using our imagination; •Responsible for all muscular movements done by voluntary and involuntary muscles.Part 2. CNS comprising Brain and Spinal cord. •All stimuli from sensory receptor cells/organs are interpreted in the CNS. •All nerve impulses to trigger responses by effectors come from the CNS.Part 3. Spinal cord•It is a conduit for nerve impulses to and from the brain. •It acts as a centre for integrating/ coordinating automatic response actions. CHECK
NEXT NEXT QUESTIONQUESTION
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Review Activity: Question 4
There are three different kinds of neurone or nerve cell. Match each kind with its function. Type your response in box below.
A. Motor neuron B. Sensory neuron C. Relay neuron
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Kind of Neurone Function
The nerve cell that carries impulses from a sense receptor to the brain or spinal cord.
The nerve cell that connects sensory and motor neurons
The nerve cell that transmits impulses from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.
B. Sensory Receptor
C. Relay neurone
A. Motor neurone
CHECK CHECK ANSWERSANSWERS NEXT NEXT
QUESTIONQUESTION
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Review Activity: Question 5
Match the descriptions in the table below with the terms in the list. A. Synapse; B. Axon; C. Myelin sheath; D. Nerve impulse; E. Sense receptor; F. Response; G. Reflex; H. Cell body; I. Dendrite; J. Nerve; K. Neurotransmitter; L. Axon terminal
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Term (Type letter in box) Function
B. Axon1. The long fibre that carries the nerve impulses.
J. Nerve 2. A bundle of axons.
A. Synapse3. The connection between adjacent neurons.
K. Neurotransmitter 4. The chemical secreted into the gap between neurons at a synapse.
CHECK CHECK ANSWERSANSWERS
Continued
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Review Activity: Question 5 (cont.)
Match the descriptions in the table below with the terms in the list. A. Synapse; B. Axon; C. Myelin sheath; D. Nerve impulse; E. Sense receptor; F. Response; G. Reflex; H. Cell body; I. Dendrite; J. Nerve; K. Neurotransmitter; L. Axon terminal
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Term (Type letter in box)
Function
G. Reflex 5. A rapid automatic response to a stimulus.
C. Myelin sheath 6. The covering of fatty material that speeds up the passage of nerve impulses.
L. Axon Terminal 7. The structure at the end of an axon that produces neurotransmitters to transmit the nerve impulse across the synapse.
D. Nerve impulse 8. The high speed signals that pass along the axons of nerve cells.
Continued CHECK CHECK ANSWERSANSWERS
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Review Activity: Question 5 (cont.)
Match the descriptions in the table below with the terms in the list. A. Synapse; B. Axon; C. Myelin sheath; D. Nerve impulse; E. Sense receptor; F. Response; G. Reflex; H. Cell body; I. Dendrite; J. Nerve; K. Neurotransmitter; L. Axon terminal
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Term (Type letter in box) Function
I. Dendrites 9. The branching filaments that conduct nerve impulses towards the cell.
E. Sensory Receptor 10. The sense organ or cells that receive stimuli from within and outside the body.
F. Response 11. The reaction to a stimulus by a muscle or gland.
H. Cell Body 12. The part of the nerve cell containing the nucleus.
CHECK CHECK ANSWERSANSWERS
Continued
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
Feedback to Review Activity: Question 5
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Term Function
B. Axon 1. The long fibre that carries the nerve impulses.
J. Nerve 2. A bundle of axons.
A. Synapse 3. The connection between adjacent neurons.
K. Neurotransmitter
4. The chemical secreted into the gap between neurons at a synapse.
G. Reflex 5. A rapid automatic response to a stimulus.
C. Myelin sheath 6. The covering of fatty material that speeds up the passage of nerve impulses.
L. Axon Terminal 7. The structure at the end of an axon that produces neurotransmitters to transmit the nerve impulse across the synapse.
D. Nerve impulse 8. The high speed signals that pass along the axons of nerve cells.
I. Dendrites 9. The branching filaments that conduct nerve impulses towards the cell.
E. Sensory Receptor
10. The sense organ or cells that receive stimuli from within and outside the body.
F. Response 11. The reaction to a stimulus by a muscle or gland.
H. Cell Body 12. The part of the nerve cell containing the nucleus.
NEXT NEXT QUESTIONQUESTION
OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
CHALLENGE!!
To get a complete overview of the entire nervous system, find some time to listen to this video from >
NOTE: The narrator speaks quickly, so you MUST listen carefully!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4PPZCLnVkA&list=LPKGJMfxrQVLY&index=5&feature=plcp
OR from > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqvJZ1STLos&list=LPKGJMfxrQVLY&index=2&feature=plcp
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
End of Activity
You have reached the end of the slide presentation.
If you wish to review any of the concepts in this lesson, go to the first slide.
If you have finished viewing the lesson, click the Close (X) button.
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OBJECTIVES
The Central Nervous System
Connections with the CNS
What is a neurone?
Are nerves the same as neurones?
REVIEW & QUIZ
INTRODUCTION
CREDITS
http://encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com/Nervous_System.html
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/folder_structure/in/m1/s1/inm1s1_1.htm7http://www.kimayahealthcare.com/OrganDetail.aspx?OrganID=337&AboutID=1
http://www.meritnation.com/discuss/question/721733
http://ib-biology2010-12.wikispaces.com/Brain+anatomy,+neuron+structure+and+function
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/brain/Structure.shtml
http://www.appsychology.com/Book/Biological/neuroscience.htm
http://revisionworld.co.uk/gcse-revision/biology/human-body-action/neurones
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/whats-the-basic-structure-of-nerves.html
http://www.illuminatedmind.net/2008/04/09/6-keys-to
develop-the-action habit
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/brain/Structure.shtml
http://what-buddha-said.net/drops/II/Hands_and_Feet.htm
http://agoddesswithin.blogspot.com/
http://humanbody123-roces.wikispaces.com/the+5+senses
http://cellularscale.blogspot.com/2012_01_01_archive.html
http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/central-nervous-system.html
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Nervous_System
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