integrated navigation system – component part of the 1

Constantza, 05.03.2004 1

Integrated Navigation System – Integrated Navigation System – component part of the intelligent shipcomponent part of the intelligent ship


Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

Maritime development climate and thus resonable requirements to future solutions

Reliability of sensors and computer networks Integrated Navigation System – achievements Integrated Navigation System – future trendsSafety experience with smaller crewsConclusions


1. Maritime developments1. Maritime developments

Technological advances offer opportunities to counter the challenges that increasing trade and the continued growth in the length, width, and draft of ships present for the nation’s economy, environment, and port communities

In combination with computer and communication technology to integrate and deliver the data to mariners, maritime safety will be improved


2. Sensors2. Sensors2.1 Classification2.1 Classification

Dead–Reckoning sensorsPotentiometers Incremental encodersAbsolute encodersSyncros & resolversCompasses Inertial sensors

Absolute sensors Bearing-only Laser

Scanner Laser Range sensors Ultrasonic sensors Global Positioning

System (GPS) Milli-Meter Wave Radar


Bearing-only Laser Range and Bearing LaserBearing-only Laser Range and Bearing Laser


2.2 Sensors Goals2.2 Sensors Goals

System integrity by using dead reckoning and absolute sensors based on different physical principles.

System reliability by using networks of intelligent sensors and providing methods for network self-calibration.

System functionality by using sensor networks providing real-time information to mariners


3. Integrated Navigation System 3. Integrated Navigation System - achievements -- achievements -

3.1 International standards

SOLAS Ch. V, Reg. 22 „Navigation bridge visibility”

IMO Res.A 708 (17) / 1991 „Navigation bridge visibility and functions”

ISO 8468 „Ship’s bridge layout and associated equipment. Requirements and guidelines”

Bureau Veritas „Centralized navigation control” Der Norske Veritas „Safety of Navigation”


3.2 Functions performed

Voyage planningCourse tracking and monitoringColission avoidanceInternal and external communicationsShip damage control


3.3 Component systems

Route Planning & Monitoring System Course Information & Steering System Speed Measuring System Depth Measuring System Radar and Automatic Traffic Surveillance System Position Fixing System Watch Monitoring and Alarm Transfer System Automatic Identification System Voyage Data Recorder


3.4 Advantages

Higher level of the equipment integration Precise, real – time positioning Full informations about the nearby traffic Continuous and common data flow New design of the navigational bridge


3.5 Limitations

Conning informations are still displayed on its monitor

Integrating third party equipment often represents a problem if the navigator wants to do more than just displaying displaying informations from this equipment

Each unit is still available in a bulky steel or aluminium console with a proprietary keyboard and CRT monitors, giving little room for flexibility when designing the bridge


4.1 General New technologies and advanced systems provide

opportunities to improve operations and marine navigation.

The issue at present is not the unmanned ship, it is the ‘intelligent ship’ with drastically reduced crews.

Hoyle calls this approach the “autonomic” ship: “A ship where the people decide what to do and the ship makes it happen.”

4. Integrated Navigation System 4. Integrated Navigation System - future trends - - future trends -


4.2 Augmented Reality

Technology to improve Aids to Navigation (ATON) system.

Distribute maritime information at the right time and place.

No distractions by information on a variety of different devices.

Requires a functional information infrastructure, (like the peer to peer Waterway Information Network), and display devices to effectively present this information to the user.


Provide mariners with virtual representations of aids to navigation and related information.

Enable mariners to perceive virtual objects as if actually located in the operating environment.

Improve user effectiveness in interacting with the real world.

Images showing the bows of a ship without and with Advanced Navigational System


Augmented Reality Display showing channel limits and bridge obstruction


Real-world photo of New London Harbor on a hazy, mid-August afternoon


Depiction of information, from the actual position and heading of the vessel.


Composition of virtual information on the actual physical picture. A user wearing the heads-up display glasses for the Augmented Reality

navigation system would see an image like this.


Icebreakers need the best information possible on channel limits, and often must avoid buoys that have been dragged under the ice. Though Differential GPS with electronic charts provides an accurate, real time

position for these precision operations, the plan view of an electronic chart does not provide the visual

reference, cues, and relative position information that the operator would normally “see” with a strict visual

aid to navigation “picture.”


4.3 Collision Avoidance Systems

Use expert systems to incorporate traffic rules and regulations, but also the experience of ship masters.

An avoidance route is automatically selected usually based on the criteria of minimum collision risk, length of avoidance route, and steering action.

All collision-avoidance systems are advisory systems requiring a human confirmation of the system's decision.

By 2002, 14 systems were installed including 7 voice-controlled Superbridge-X systems.


4.4 Emergency Response / Damage Control

The conventional approach to damage control relies on human intervention under crisis conditions to integrate, evaluate and initiate actions.

Information retrieval from each of these sources is time consuming and error-prone under stress.

Expert systems may incorporate ‘early failure' detection or event trending to establish ‘pattern recognition'.


4.5 Man – Machine Interface

Still, the officer of the bridge typically has to type in commands and view screens to interact with the machine.

The Japanese developed a new navigation system called SuperBridge-X which is based on natural language as a new element in human machine interfacing in ships.

The voice-operated SuperBridge-X system allows in principle ‘no-touch' operation of the ship


The hands and eyes are free for other tasks, e.g. watching the traffic and checking sea charts.

The voice recognition is not tuned to one particular speaker and does thus not require retraining at each change of the shift

The compromise between accesibility and safety requires only master voice recognition

Future man-machine interfaces will knowledge about the importance of an information and the importance of a current activity of a user to decide whether to interrupt or “leave a message”.


4.6 Route Planning

This paradigm shift is a transition from paper charts and manual navigation methods to networked electronic multi-dimensional charting.

W R Systems, Ltd developed a unique three-dimensional software tool, called ICE3

Benefits : - An immediate, up-to-date visual presentation

of the ship’s position - Better Visualization/Collision/Grounding

presentations and analysis - Training and analysis


4.7 Unmanned Ship

The ultimate in ship automation would be the unmanned ship.

Both concepts “unmanned” and “autonomic” share the task for extending automation.

The proposed unmanned ship concepts found in the literature can be classified into:

- ‘Shore Captain’ concept

- ‘Captain Computer’ concept

- ‘Master/Slave’ concept


Prof. Kazuhiko Hasegawa, Osaka University, has succeeded to conduct model exeperiment of "Intelligent Ship" (2002)


Test result of 3-ship collision avoidance manoeuvres


5. Safety Experience with Smaller 5. Safety Experience with Smaller CrewsCrews

5.1 Operational Considerations

Fatigue : will there be greater demands placed on the remaining crew ?

Training : will the remaining crew be able to handle emergencies if automated systems fail ?

Maintenance : will crew reductions result in the neglect of esential maintenance ?


5.2 Specific Safety Concerns

Fatigue - dificulty of fatigue measuring - unions and owners opinions - posible solutions : - shore based personnel for cargo operations - personnel in excess of basic crew for certain routes / ports - high degree of equipment integration


Maintenance practices

- predictive maintenance

- shoreside maintenance crews

- better equipment

- more durable coatings

- corrective maintenance

- hot links with shore teams

- back up systems

- automatic systems with self-diagnosis

and self-repairing capacities


Emergency Response Capacity

- “all hands” emergencies

- failures of the vital equipment

- ability to handle personnel casualties

Reduced Training Opportunities

- “cadet programs” for training

- graduates of maritime universities for

unlicensed positions

- labor contracts for employment continuity


Physical Demands - growing need for physical fitness of crews - more rigid standards of “fitness for duty” - ship design in order to eliminate some of the injuries causes

Shipboard Behaviour - “alchool-free” / “drugs-free” ships - monitoring inter-human tensions - personalities compatibility - vulnerability to isolation and stress


ConclusionsConclusions The new systems will provide real time informations

to mariners :

- where they need it,

- how they need it,

- only what they need The amount and type of information displayed will be

according to which operating mode the vessel is in. Any third party equipment can be

interfaced to a modern Integrated Navigation System


A network based integrated bridge system offers possibilities to access it via a communication link from the supplier s service department, allowing remote diagnostics, repairs and even software upgrades, regardless where the vessel is located.

In the event of an emergency, the Integrated Bridge System can be accessed from a computer ashore, offering a rescue centre or an emergency squad on-line information about the status of the vessel in distress.

The automatic diagnosis of faults appears quite feasible, the automatic repairs of faults not.

integrated navigation system – component part of the 1

Documents

system functionality

system reliability

marine navigation

bridge constantza

mariners constantza

improved constantza

ships bridge layout

sensors goalssystem