integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—evaluation...
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This is a repository copy of Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—Evaluation, review and challenges for implementation.
White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/127589/
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Nielsen, J Rasmus, Thunberg, Eric, Holland, Daniel S et al. (58 more authors) (2017) Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—Evaluation, review and challenges for implementation. Fish and fisheries. ISSN 1467-2960
https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12232
[email protected]://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/
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Fish and Fisheries. 2018;19:1�29. 科|科1wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/faf
ReceivedrゲゾNovemberゴグゲ葦科 |科 AcceptedrゴMayゴグゲゼDOI: 10.1111/faf.12232
O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E
Integrated ecological�economic fisheries models�Evaluation,
review and challenges for implementation
J Rasmus Nielsen1,¶ 科|科Eric Thunberg2,¶科|科Danie旭 S Ho旭旭and3,¶科|科Jorn O Schmidt4,¶科|科
E旭izabeth A Fu旭ton5,#科|科Francois Bastardie1,#科|科Andre E Punt6,#科|科Icarus A旭旭en7,ｰ科|科
He旭een Barte旭ings8,ｰ科|科Miche旭 Bertignac9,ｰ科|科Eckhard Bethke10,ｰ科|科Sieme Bossier1,ｰ科|科
Rik Buckworth11,ｰ科|科Griffin Carpenter12,ｰ科|科Asbjørn Christensen1,ｰ科|科
Vi旭旭y Christensen13,ｰ科|科Jos爾 M Da､Rocha14,ｰ科|科Roy Deng11,ｰ科|科Catherine Dichmont11,ｰ科|科
Ra旭f Doering10,ｰ科|科Anio旭 Esteban12,ｰ科|科Jose A Fernandes7,ｰ科|科Hans Frost15,ｰ科|科
Dor旭eta Garcia16,ｰ科|科Loic Gasche17,ｰ科|科Didier Gascue旭18,* 科|科Sophie Gourguet19,ｰ科|科
Ro旭f A Groeneve旭d20,ｰ科|科Jordi Gui旭旭爾n21,ｰ科|科O旭ivier Guyader19,ｰ科|科Kate旭旭 G Hamon8,ｰ科|科
Ayoe Hoff15,ｰ科|科Jan Horbowy22,ｰ科|科Trevor Hutton11,ｰ科|科Sigrid Lehuta17,ｰ科|科
L Richard Litt旭e5,ｰ科|科Jordi L旭eonart21,ｰ科|科C旭aire Macher19,ｰ科|科Steven Mackinson23,ｰ科|科
Stephanie Mahevas17,ｰ科|科Pau旭 Marcha旭24,ｰ科|科Rosa Mato､Amboage14,ｰ科|科Bruce Mapstone5,ｰ科|科
Francesc Maynou21,ｰ科|科Mathieu Merz爾r爾aud19,ｰ科|科Artur Pa旭acz1,ｰ科|科Sean Pascoe11,ｰ科|科
Anton Pau旭rud25,ｰ科|科Eva P旭aganyi11,ｰ科|科Rau旭 Pre旭旭ezo16,ｰ科|科E旭izabeth I van Putten5,ｰ科|科
Martin Quaas4,ｰ科|科Lars Ravn､Jonsen26,* 科|科Sonia Sanchez27,ｰ科|科Sarah Simons10,ｰ科|科
O旭ivier Th爾baud19,ｰ科|科Maciej T Tomczak28,ｰ科|科C旭ara U旭rich1,ｰ科|科Diana van Dijk29,ｰ科|科
Youen Vermard17,ｰ科|科Rudi Voss4,ｰ科|科Staffan Wa旭do30,*
1Technica旭UniversityofDenmarkpNationa旭InstituteofAquaticResourcespKgssLyngbypDenmark2Socia旭SciencesBranchpNortheastFisheriesScienceCenterpNOAAFisheriesOfficeofScienceandTechno旭ogypWoodsHo旭epMApUSA3ConservationBio旭ogyDivisionpNorthwestFisheriesScienceCenterpNMFSpNOAAFisheriesOfficeofScienceandTechno旭ogypSeatt旭epWApUSA4DepartmentofEconomicspChristian､A旭brechts､Universit士tzuKie旭pKie旭pGermany5CSIROOceansandAtmospherepMarineLaboratoriespHobartpTASpAustra旭ia6Schoo旭ofAquaticandFisherySciencespUniversityofWashingtonpSeatt旭epWApUSAゼP旭ymouthMarineLaboratoryｪSeaandSocietyｫProspectP旭acepP旭ymouthpUK8WageningenEconomicResearchpWageningenUniversitypWURpTheHaguepTheNether旭ands9Unit爾ScienceetTechno旭ogiesHa旭ieutiquepSTHFrenchResearchInstituteforExp旭oitationoftheSeapIfremerpP旭ouzan爾pFrance10Th訟nenInstituteofSeaFisheriespHamburgpGermany11CSIROOceansandAtmospherepQueens旭andBiosciencesPrecinctpStLuciapQLDpAustra旭ia12NewEconomicsFoundationpLondonpUK13TheUniversityofBritishCo旭umbiapInstitutefortheOceansandFisheriespVancouverpBCpCanada
¶Authorshipequa旭forthese旭eadauthorss#Authorshipequa旭fortheseauthorss
ｰAuthorshipequa旭fortheseauthorss
Thisisanopenaccessartic旭eunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution､NonCommercia旭､NoDerivsLicensepwhichpermitsuseanddistributioninanymediumpprovidedtheorigina旭workisproper旭ycitedptheuseisnon､commercia旭andnomodificationsoradaptationsaremadesｻゴグゲゼTheAuthorssFish and FisheriesPub旭ishedbyJohnWi旭eyｹSonsLtds
ゴ科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
14Escue旭adeComerciopUniversidadedeVigopVigopSpain15DepartmentofFoodandResourceEconomicspUniversityofCopenhagenpCopenhagenpDenmark16AZTIpTxatxarramendiUgarteaz｠gpSukarrietapSpainゲゼUnit爾Eco旭ogieetMod治旭espour旭vHa旭ieutiquespEMHFrenchResearchInstituteforExp旭oitationoftheSeapIfremerpNantespFrance18UMREco旭ogyandEcosystemHea旭thｪESEｫpUniversit爾BretagneLoireｪUBLｫpRennespFrance19Unit爾dvEconomieMaritimepAMUREFrenchResearchInstituteforExp旭oitationoftheSeapIfremerpP旭ouzan爾pFrance20Environmenta旭EconomicsandNatura旭ResourcesGrouppWageningenUniversityWURpWageningenpTheNether旭ands21SpanishNationa旭ResearchCounci旭pInstitutdeCi治nciesde旭MarpCSICpBarce旭onapSpain22Nationa旭MarineFisheriesResearchInstitutepGdyniapPo旭and23ScottishPe旭agicFishermenvsAssociationpFraserburghpUK24Unit爾Ha旭ieutiquedeMancheMerduNordpHMMMpIURHFFrenchResearchInstituteforExp旭oitationoftheSeapIfremerpBou旭ogne､sur､MerpFrance25SwedishAgencyforMarineWaterManagementpG塾teborgpSweden26DepartmentofEnvironmenta旭andBusinessEconomicspUniversityofSouthernDenmarkpEsbjergpDenmarkゴゼAZTIpHerreraKaia･Portua旭deaz｠gpPasaiapSpain28Ba旭ticSeaCentrepStockho旭mUniversitypStockho旭mpSweden29SwissFedera旭InstituteofAquaticScienceandTechno旭ogypD訟bendorfpSwitzer旭and30DepartmentofEconomicspSwedishUniversityofAgricu旭tura旭SciencespLundpSweden
Correspondence
JRasmusNie旭senpTechnica旭UniversityofDenmarkpNationa旭InstituteofAquaticResourcespKgssLyngbypDenmarksEmai旭rrnｺaquasdtusdk
Present addressesRikBuckworthpChar旭esDarwinUniversitypPOBoxザグジpNTグ芦ゲズpAustra旭ias
CathyMDichmontpCathyDichmontConsu旭tingpジゼPioneerRoadpShe旭donpQLDpAustra旭ias
ArturPa旭aczpInstituteofOceano旭ogyofthePo旭ishAcademyofSciencespPowsta戎c祝wWarszawyズズp芦ゲ､ゼゲゴSopotpPo旭ands
AbstractMarineecosystemsevo旭veundermanyinterconnectedandarea､specificpressuressTofu旭fi旭societyvsintensifyinganddiversifyingneedswhi旭eensuringeco旭ogica旭旭ysustainab旭edeve旭opmentpmoreeffectivemarinespatia旭p旭anningandbroader､scopemanagementofmarineresourcesisnecessarysIntegratedeco旭ogica旭･economicfisheriesmode旭sｪIEEFMsｫofmarinesystemsareneededtoeva旭uateimpactsandsustainabi旭ityofpotentia旭man､agementactionsandunderstandpandanticipateeco旭ogica旭peconomicandsocia旭dynam､icsatarangeofsca旭esfrom旭oca旭tonationa旭andregiona旭sTomakethesemode旭smosteffectivepitisimportanttodeterminehowmode旭characteristicsandmethodsofcom､municatingresu旭tsinf旭uencethemode旭imp旭ementationpthenatureoftheadvicethatcanbeprovidedandtheimpactondecisionstakenbymanagerssThisartic旭epresentsag旭oba旭reviewandcomparativeeva旭uationofザズIEEFMsapp旭iedtomarinefisheriesandmarineecosystemresourcestoidentifythecharacteristicsthatdeterminetheirusefu旭nesspef､fectivenessandimp旭ementationsThefocusisonfu旭旭yintegratedmode旭sthata旭旭owforfeedbacks between eco旭ogica旭 and human processes a旭though not a旭旭 themode旭s re､viewedachievethatsMode旭旭ersmustinvestmoretimetomakemode旭suserfriend旭yandtoparticipateinmanagementforawheremode旭sandmode旭resu旭tscanbeexp旭ainedanddiscussedsSuchinvo旭vementisbeneficia旭toa旭旭partiesp旭eadingtoimprovementofmo､ de旭sandmoreeffective imp旭ementationofadvicepbut demandssubstantia旭 resourceswhichmustbebui旭tintothegovernanceprocesssIttakestimetodeve旭opeffectivepro､cessesforusingIEEFMsrequiringa旭ong､termcommitmenttointegratingmu旭tidiscip旭i､narymode旭旭ingadviceintomanagementdecision､makings
K E Y W O R D S
bio､economicmode旭spcomparativemode旭eva旭uationpfisheriesmanagementadvicepintegratedeco旭ogica旭･economicfisheriesmode旭spmarinespatia旭p旭anningandcross､sectormanagementpperformancecriteriaandsca旭esandriskspuseandacceptanceandimp旭ementationandcommunicationandf旭exibi旭ityandcomp旭exity
科架 科 | 科ザNIELSEN ET AL.
ゲ科 |科INTRODUCTION
Thereisagrowingneedfortoo旭stoeva旭uatepo旭iciesandassesstrade､offsinmanagementofmarineresourcesandprovisionofecosystemservices such as fishingp aquacu旭turep renewab旭e energyp shippingpconservationandrecreation ｪCormierpKannenpE旭旭iottpｹHa旭旭pゴグゲズqDegnbo旭ｹWi旭sonpゴググ芦qEUゴグゲジqLang旭oispFr爾onpSteyerpDe旭gen爾spｹH爾旭iaspゴグゲジqWhiteeta旭spゴグゲゴｫs It isnecessarytoe旭aborateandapp旭ycommonprincip旭esandbroaderp interdiscip旭inarymanagementeva旭uationintheuseofmarinespaceinvo旭vingsevera旭typesofactivi､tiesandsectorsｪRamoseta旭spゴグゲザqSomaeta旭spゴグゲザqSte旭zenm訟旭旭ereta旭sp ゴグゲザqSundb旭adeta旭sp ゴグゲジｫsPo旭icymakersneed toknow thecosts and benefits of conserving ecosystem goods and services tomanage them sustainab旭ys Moreoverp according to an ecosystem､based approach to managementp specific pressuresp associated un､certaintiesandrisksneedtobetakenintoaccountｪDouverepゴググ芦qEh旭erｹDouverepゴググゾqGi旭旭i旭andｹLaffo旭eypゴググ芦qHickseta旭spゴグゲ葦qSte旭zenm訟旭旭ereta旭spゴグゲゲｫs
Tomeettheseneedsp therehasbeen increasingdeve旭opmentofIntegratedEco旭ogica旭･EconomicFisheriesMode旭s ｪIEEFMsｫover the旭asttwodecadesｪBjørnda旭pLanepｹWeintraubpゴググジqConradpゲゾゾズqKap旭anpHo旭旭andpｹFu旭tonpゴグゲジqKap旭anpHornepｹLevinpゴグゲゴqKe旭旭eta旭sp ゴググゼq Know旭erp ゴググゴq Mu旭旭on eta旭sp ゴググゾq 此sterb旭om eta旭spゴグゲザq Pre旭旭ezo eta旭sp ゴグゲゴq Punt eta旭sp ゴグゲゲｫs Thesemode旭s incor､porate and integrate natura旭 and human processes that have beenthe focusofvariousdiscip旭ines such asoceanographyp fish eco旭ogypfisherieseconomicspanthropo旭ogyandsocio旭ogy ｪDichmontpPascoepKompaspPuntpｹDengpゴグゲグqHea旭ｹSch旭enkerpゴググ芦qMu旭旭onpゴグゲザqNie旭sen ｹ Limborgp ゴググゾq U旭rich eta旭sp ゴグゲゴｫs Fundamenta旭旭yp anIEEFM isamathematica旭 representationofeco旭ogica旭andeconomicsystemswhichcana旭sointegratesocia旭systemsinsomecasesbasedon旭inkingcomponentspparametersandprocessesofeachdimensionｪesgsDeMarchip Funtowiczp LoCasciop ｹMundap ゴグググq此sterb旭ompCronapFo旭kepNystr塾mpTroe旭旭ゴグゲ葦qPunteta旭spゴグゲグqTh爾baudeta旭spゴグゲザｫs
Oneofthepotentia旭benefitsofIEEFMsisthatonecandeve旭opabetterandmorecomprehensiveunderstandingofthefeedbackef､fectsbetweenhumanmu旭ti､actoractivityphumaneconomicstructuresandecosystemdynamicssThisunderstandingmayhe旭pmanagers toavoid the we旭旭､documented unintended consequences of manage､mentactionsthatmightnotbepredictedbysimp旭ermode旭sthatdonotaccountforinteractionsandfeedbackprocessesbetweensystemcomponents ｪBeddingtonpAgnewpｹC旭arkpゴググゼqHickseta旭spゴグゲ葦qHi旭bornp ゴググゼq Hi旭bornp ゴグゲゲq Hi旭born eta旭sp ゴグゲズq Ho旭旭ingp ゴググゲqMarcha旭eta旭spゴグゲ葦qOstrompゴググゾqWa旭tersゲゾゾ芦qWi旭eneta旭spゴググゴqWormeta旭spゴググゾｫsComp旭exfeedbacksandimpactsbetweenecosy､stemspexp旭oitedspeciesandfisheriessystemshavebeeninvestigatedand discussed extensive旭y ｪBranch eta旭sp ゴグゲグq Garcia ｹ Cochranepゴググズq Gascue旭 eta旭sp ゴグゲ葦q Hi旭旭 eta旭sp ゴググゼq Howarthp RobertspThurstanp ｹ Stewartp ゴグゲザq Marasco eta旭sp ゴググゼq Murawski eta旭spゴグゲグq Neubauerp Jensenp Hutchhingsp ｹ Baump ゴグゲザq 此sterb旭ompJouffraypSpijkerspゴグゲ葦qPau旭yeta旭spゴグゲザqP旭ag史nyiandButterworthゴググジqRose eta旭sp ゴグゲグｫs Comprehensive reviews of ecosystem and
bio旭ogica旭 mode旭s have been conducted addressing this comp旭ex､ity and feedback processes ｪesgs Hyder eta旭sp ゴグゲズq Piroddi eta旭spゴグゲズqP旭ag史nyi eta旭sp ゴグゲジqRoseeta旭sp ゴグゲグqTedescoeta旭sp ゴグゲ葦ｫsHo旭istic ｪwend､to､endxｫmode旭s havebeendeve旭opedduring the 旭astdecade inc旭uding management and socio､economic modu旭es to si､mu旭ateecosystemcomp旭exityfromdiverseperspectivesｪChristensenpSteenbeekp ｹ Fai旭旭erp ゴグゲゲq Fu旭tonp Smithp Smithp ｹ Johnsonp ゴグゲジqFu旭ton eta旭sp ゴグゲゲqGirardin eta旭sp ゴグゲ葦qKap旭an eta旭sp ゴグゲゴp ゴグゲジｫa旭旭owing both strategic ｪ旭ong termｫ and tactica旭 ｪmedium termｫma､nagementadviceonmarineresourcesanddecisionsaccordingtobestpracticesｪFAOゴググ芦qP旭ag史nyiゴググゼｫsHoweverpincreasedcomp旭exitywithineachdimensionandgreaterintegrationofthedimensionspforexamp旭einc旭udingeconomicdynamicsinecosystemmode旭spmaya旭soincreasethedifficu旭tyofparameterizingthemode旭sandunderstand､ingandcommunicatingtheresu旭tsｪesgsStokeseta旭spゲゾゾゾqMcA旭旭isterpStarrp Restrepop ｹ Kirkwoodp ゲゾゾゾq Rochet and Rice ゴググゾp ゴグゲグqButterwortheta旭spゴグゲグqKraakpKe旭旭ypCod旭ingpｹRoganpゴグゲグqFu旭toneta旭spゴグゲゲpゴグゲジqChristenseneta旭spゴグゲゲｫsTherearea旭waystrade､offsinvo旭vedwithmovingtothesemorecomp旭exintegratedmode旭sinmanagementadvicesThis isespecia旭旭ythecasewhensevera旭sec､tors and their markets are considered which increases comp旭exityandaccording旭y 旭imitsmode旭 imp旭ementationｪesgsHickseta旭spゴグゲ葦q此sterb旭ometa旭spゴグゲ葦ｫs
Whi旭e a variety of fisheries IEEFMsp often referred to as bio､economic mode旭sp have been deve旭oped in the pastp on旭y a sma旭旭number of reviews comparing their capabi旭ities and imp旭ementationin practice have been pub旭isheds For examp旭ep Conrad ｪゲゾゾズｫ andKnow旭erｪゴググゴｫreviewmode旭sinwhichenvironmenta旭inf旭uencesareinter旭inkedwitheconomicaspectssAgenera旭 introductionandover､view of bio､economicmode旭s can be found a旭ready in Seijop DefeopandSa旭asｪゲゾゾ芦ｫpbutapp旭icationstospecificempirica旭casesremain旭i､ miteds Reviews of more restricted types and coverage of mode旭sinc旭ude the fo旭旭owingr Bjørnda旭 eta旭sp ｪゴググジｫp which a旭so inc旭udesaquacu旭tureq the review conducted by the Scientificp Technica旭 andEconomic Committee for Fisheries ｪSTECFｫ of the European UnionｪSECpゴググ葦ｫqandthereviewofregiona旭economicmode旭sforfisheriesmanagement in theUSAby Seung ｪゴググ葦ｫs Fina旭旭yp the reviews pro､ducedinPre旭旭ezoeta旭spｪゴグゲゴｫandLehutapGirardinpMahevaspTravers､Tro旭etpandVermardｪゴグゲ葦ｫfocusedonEuropeanoperationa旭mode旭ssThereviewbyLehutaeta旭spｪゴグゲ葦ｫconcentratesonmethodo旭ogyandmode旭 deve旭opment on a subset of comp旭ex mode旭s that focus onEuropeanfisheriesadvicesOthertypesofmode旭sbasedonnetworktheorysuchasMu旭旭oneta旭sp ｪゴググゾｫandMu旭旭onｪゴグゲザｫwithag旭oba旭fishmea旭mode旭haveemergedsIndividua旭､basedandf旭eet､basedpre､dictionmode旭sonfue旭consumptionandtripp旭anningeva旭uatingthecarbonfootprintandenergyconsumptioninfisherieshavea旭sopro､gressedrecent旭y ｪesgsBastardiepNie旭senpAndersenpｹEigaardpゴグゲザqBastardiepNie旭senpｹMiethep ゴグゲジqBastardiepNie旭senp eta旭sp ゴグゲズqBasurkop Gabinap ｹ Uriondop ゴグゲザq Grimm eta旭sp ゴグゲグq Sa旭a eta旭spゴグゲゲqTrenke旭eta旭spゴグゲザqWa旭doandPau旭rudゴグゲ葦ｫsThe 旭atteren､ab旭esthedeve旭opmentofenergyefficientapproachesforfishingves､se旭sｪesgsSuuroneneta旭spゴグゲゴｫandpredictionoffue旭costsｪDaur治spTrenke旭pｹGuyaderpゴグゲザｫs
ジ科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
We conduct a g旭oba旭 comparative review and eva旭uation of ザズIEEFMs to provide potentia旭 users an overview of when and howIEEFMs can be and have been usedwor旭dwide and to identify thecharacteristicsthatdeterminetheirusefu旭nesspeffectivenessandim､p旭ementation infisheriesadvicesTherevieweva旭uatesmode旭designchoices such as scopep spatia旭 and tempora旭 dimensions and sca旭espfunctionsandprocessesinc旭udedp旭eve旭ofcomp旭exityandrea旭ismptheabi旭ity tomode旭 uncertainty and stochastic process impactp and thetypeandrobustnessofadvicethatcanbeprovidedaswe旭旭asthedataand expertise needed to deve旭op and parameterize IEEFMssMode旭旭inkingp coup旭ingand 旭eve旭of integrationofbio旭ogica旭 andeconomicandptosomeextentpsocia旭componentsinthemode旭sareconsideredsThisartic旭eisprimari旭yfocusedonfu旭旭yintegratedmode旭sthata旭旭owforfeedbacksbetweeneco旭ogica旭andhumanprocessesa旭thoughnota旭旭themode旭sreviewedachievethats
The review covers se旭ected IEEFMs representing a rangeof ap､proaches and perspectives rather than providing a comprehensiveana旭ysisofa旭旭existingmode旭swor旭dwidesThereviewservestoiden､tify some common features and fai旭ings of mode旭s and hence mayguideresearchersinse旭ectingexistingmode旭sandfurtherdeve旭opingthemratherthancreatingacomp旭ete旭ynewmode旭sIta旭sohigh旭ightsmode旭旭ingcha旭旭engesandfuturedirectionsofresearchespecia旭旭ywhenitcomestoimp旭ementationofthemode旭ssThereviewdemonstratesthat mode旭旭ers face inevitab旭e trade､offs between comp旭exity andcomprehensivenesspf旭exibi旭ityanduser､friend旭inesssThosetrade､offsimpact mode旭 designp performance andmode旭 acceptance and a旭somustbeconsideredindeterminingthebestapproachtocommunicatemode旭resu旭tssNomode旭designfitsa旭旭casesandusespbutthereviewprovidesinsightsthatmayhe旭pbothdeve旭opersandusersofmode旭stodetermine themode旭characteristics thatbest suit their intendedimp旭ementationp uses and how to more effective旭y communicatemode旭resu旭tstoensureuptakeinmanagementadviceanddecisionss
Theartic旭e isorganizedas fo旭旭owsr initia旭旭yp these旭ected IEEFMsare旭istedwithre旭evantreferencesfortheirdeve旭opmentsSecondptheana旭ysismethodsandtoo旭susedforeva旭uationofthemode旭sarede､scribedsThetoo旭sareusedtodescribepcategorizeandeva旭uatethedifferenttypeofmode旭saccordingtoasetofspecificcriteriacoveringtheaboveissuessThiscategorizationandeva旭uationissummarizedinsemi､quantitativespiderwebp旭otstocomparethefocusandcapabi､旭ityofthedifferentmode旭sandwhatmaindirectionsofdeve旭opmentthedifferentmode旭srepresentsTheresu旭tsof thismeta､ana旭ysisarethendiscussedwithafocusonuseandcharacteristicsthatcontributetoeffectiveimp旭ementationsNeedsforfurtherresearchareidentifiedwith emphasis on specific needs for furthermode旭 imp旭ementationsThespecificobjectivesofthestudyareto
､Provideasetoftoo旭sandcriteriatomakeacomparativeeva旭ua､tionofIEEFMsq
､Eva旭uate use and imp旭ementation of different types of IEEFMsthroughse旭ectedexamp旭esfromaroundthewor旭dq
､E旭ucidate旭imitationsandprogressofIEEFMimp旭ementationandthegovernanceprocessinc旭udingnecessarystakeho旭derinvo旭vementq
､Providepotentia旭userswithanoverviewandframeworkthatcanbeusedtoguideinse旭ectionofthemostappropriatemode旭saccording
totheirspecificneedsppurposeandquestionstobeansweredpthatisprovidingguide旭inesforgoodpracticeinse旭ectionpuseandcommuni､cationofthemode旭saccordingtorequirementsandtrade､offss
ゴ科 |科MATERIALS AND METHODS
ゴsゲ科|科Surveyed mode旭s
Asubsetofmode旭shasbeense旭ected toprovideag旭oba旭perspec､tiveforthereviewsThesemode旭srepresentawiderangeofdifferenttypesofcurrentandemergingIEEFMssTheザズIEEFMseva旭uatedare旭istedinTab旭eゲwithnameandabbreviationandthemode旭character､isticsdetai旭edintheannexesｪSupp旭ementaryMateria旭Tab旭esSゲpSゴandSザｫsAgeographica旭overviewofthemainimp旭ementationofthedifferentmode旭sisgiveninFigureゲsThemode旭sandtheirdeve旭op､mentarepub旭ished inacomprehensivescientific 旭iteraturegiven inTable 2.
ゴsゴ科|科Meta､ ana旭ysis of bio､ economic mode旭s
Weusethreemode旭meta､ana旭ysistoo旭stocomparetheIEEFMsonag旭oba旭sca旭eaccordingtomode旭typeppurposepcoveragepdimensionspsca旭esp capacityp uses and 旭eve旭 of imp旭ementation and to eva旭uatetrade､offsassociatedwithcomp旭exityandf旭exibi旭itysThosetoo旭scon､sistofadetai旭edMode旭CharacteristicsandPerformanceEva旭uationMatrixｪTab旭eSゲｫcomp旭etedbyadeve旭operofeachmode旭paMode旭CategorizationandDescriptorsSummaryTab旭eｪTab旭eSゴｫa旭socom､p旭etedbyadeve旭operofeachmode旭p andaMode旭UseandTrade､OffSummaryTab旭eｪTab旭eSザｫthatcompi旭esinformationabouta旭旭themode旭ssThetoo旭sandtheirstructureaswe旭旭asthedetai旭softhec旭as､sificationaregivenintheSupp旭ementaryMateria旭Tab旭esSゲpSゴandSザprespective旭ysFurthermoreptheresu旭tsandthefourthtoo旭ofthecomparativeeva旭uationandmeta､ana旭ysisaregiveninsummaryp旭otsofthetabu旭ationsintheresu旭tssectionｪFiguresゴ･ゼｫsThisfourthtoo旭isintheformofspiderwebp旭otswithfrequencyc旭assificationofthedifferenttypesofmode旭swithrespecttotheirpropertiespcharacter､isticspusesandtrade､offss
In drawing conc旭usions about the effectiveness of mode旭s andtrade､offsfacedbymode旭旭erspwea旭sore旭iedondiscussionsatwork､shopspworking groups and specia旭 sessions organized at three sci､entific conferences over four years inwhich themeta､ana旭ysiswaseva旭uatedpsevera旭ofthesemode旭swerepresentedpandwheregenera旭mode旭旭ing issueswerediscussedbypane旭ssSinceゴグゲゲpyear旭ymee､tingswereconvened focusingoneva旭uatingandcomparing IEEFMsintheICESWGIMMｪInternationa旭Counci旭ofExp旭orationoftheSeaWorkingGroupon IntegratedManagementMode旭旭ingpwwwsicessdkグゲAprゴグゲゼqesgs ICESゴグゲズaｫsThe first twoconference specia旭 ses､sionswerespecia旭sessionsoftheInternationa旭InstituteforFisheriesEconomics and Trade ｪIIFETｫ he旭d in Dar es Sa旭aamp Tanzania andBrisbanepAustra旭iapinゴグゲゴandゴグゲジprespective旭yｪNie旭senpSchmidtpeta旭sp ゴグゲジq Th爾baud eta旭sp ゴグゲザq Thunbergp Ho旭旭andp Nie旭senp ｹSchmidtpゴグゲザｫsThe旭astwasathemesessionhe旭dattheICESAnnua旭ScienceConferenceinCopenhagenpDenmarkpinゴグゲズｪICESゴグゲズbq
科架 科 | 科ズNIELSEN ET AL.
Nie旭senp Thunbergp Schmidtp Ho旭旭and eta旭sp ゴグゲズq Nie旭senp SchmidtpThunbergpHo旭旭and ゴグゲズｫ inwhich themeta､ana旭ysis of themode旭swaspresentedpeva旭uatedanddiscusseds
Themode旭s eva旭uated cover a broad range of IEEFMs coveringaspectsofcommercia旭marinefisheriesandassociatedfishstocksandecosystemssAverybroadgroupofmode旭deve旭opersofthedifferenttypes of integrated eco旭ogica旭･economic marine mode旭s were con､tactedthroughtheICESWGIMMWorkingGroupsandIIFETSpecia旭Sessions to comp旭ete thisworks A旭旭 mode旭 deve旭opers fi旭旭ing in themeta､ana旭ysis too旭s were direct旭y invo旭ved in the reviews Many ofthemode旭旭ersa旭soattendedoneormoreoftheworkshopspworkinggroups or conference sessions inwhich the mode旭s and the meta､ana旭ysiswerediscusseds In addition to theactua旭meta､ana旭ysispweattempttoconveysomeofthe insightsgainedfromtheeva旭uationsanddiscussionsattheworkinggroupmeetingsandconferencethemesessionstohe旭pusdrawsomesyntheticconc旭usionsfromthemeta､ana旭ysis that are not readi旭y apparent just from comparing mode旭characteristicss
ゴsザ科|科Mode旭 Characteristics and Performance Eva旭uation Matrices
The Mode旭 Characteristics and Performance Eva旭uation Matricesgiven in SM Tab旭e Sゲ compi旭e co旭旭ective experience with and co旭､旭ective consensuson themode旭s as givenby themode旭 deve旭opersinc旭udingfeedbacktothedeve旭opersfromusersduringthemode旭de､ve旭opment andmode旭 imp旭ementationprocessessA fu旭旭 compi旭ationofMode旭 Eva旭uationMatrices for a旭旭mode旭s eva旭uated are given in
TABLE ゲ科Listoftabu旭atedmode旭sandmode旭abbreviationsusedintheeva旭uationandforreportingresu旭ts
No. Mode旭 nameMode旭 abbreviation
1 CrabA旭旭owab旭eBio旭ogica旭CatchMode旭ｪCRABABCｫ
CRABABCa
2 CrabOceanAcidificationMode旭ｪCRABACIDｫ
3 Mu旭tispeciesStockProductionMode旭 MSPM
4 Eco旭ogica旭Mode旭ingofMu旭tiannua旭QuotaｪMAQｫ
MAQ､ADJb
5 Eco旭ogica旭Mode旭ingofMu旭tiannua旭QuotawithAdjustmentRestrictionｪMAD､ADJｫ
6 EconomicInterpretationofICESAdvisoryCommitteeforFisheriesManagement
EIAA
ゼ Bio､EconomicMode旭ofEuropeanF旭eetsｪextendedEIAAｫ
BEMEF
8 Integratedmode旭forAustra旭ianTorresStraitTropica旭RockLobster
IMATSTRL
9 Bio､EconomicModu旭eConnectingEco旭ogyandEconomy
ECOb
10 StochasticAge､StructureOptimizationMode旭┊ITQWea旭thMode旭
STOCHHCR
11 Individua旭Vesse旭､BasedSpatia旭P旭anningandEffortDisp旭acement
DISPLACE
12 IntegrationofSpatia旭InformationforSimu旭ationofFisheries
ISIS､FISH
13 Ba旭ticCoup旭edFisheriesLibraryinRandStochasticMu旭ti､speciesMode旭
BALTICFLR､SMS
14 ImpactAssessmentMode旭forFisheriesManagement
IAM
15 Spatia旭Integratedbio､economicMode旭forFisheriesｪWageningenUniversitypNLｫ
SIMFISH
16 FISHRENTIFROUniversityofCopenhagenｪDKｫ
FISHRENTc
ゲゼ FISHRENTTIThunenInstituteｪDｫ
18 SwedishResourceRentMode旭fortheCommercia旭Fisheries
SRRMCF
19 NewEng旭andCoup旭edLobsterMode旭 NECLH
20 ゴグBa旭ticSeaEco旭ogica旭､EconomicOptimizationMode旭
BSEAECON､ECOL
21 EffectsofLineFishingSimu旭ator ELFSIM
22 Austra旭iaNorthernPrawnFisheryTigerPrawnsBio､economicMode旭
NPFTPBEM
23 Simp旭ifiedBio､EconomicMode旭fortheAustra旭ianNorthernPrawnFishery
NPFBIOECON
24 MediterraneanFisheriesSimu旭ationToo旭 MEFISTO
25 Bio､economicImpactAssessmentusingFisheriesLibraryinR
FLBEIA
26 F旭eetsandFisheriesForecastMode旭Fcube
FCUBE
ｪContinuesｫ
No. Mode旭 nameMode旭 abbreviation
ゴゼ Coup旭edGeorgesbankFoodWebandComputab旭eGenera旭Equi旭ibriumMode旭
GBFWCGE
28 Ba旭ticSeaAt旭antisMode旭 BSEAATL
29 Ca旭iforniaCurrentAt旭antisMode旭 CACURRENTATL
30 SoutheastAustra旭iaAt旭antisMode旭 SEAUSATL
31 Size､spectrumbio､c旭imateenve旭opemode旭ｹinput｠outputtab旭es
SS､DBEM､IOT
32 GenericEcosystemMode旭 GEM
33 PeruvianEcopathwithEcosimFoodwebMode旭
PERUEwE
34 Ba旭ticSeaEcopathwithEcosimFoodwebMode旭
BSEAEwE
35 NorthSeaEcopathwithEcosimandEcospace
NSEAEwE
aCrabOceanAcidificationｪCRABACIDｫisbasedontheCrabABCmode旭soresu旭tsarecombinedforreportingsbMAQ､ADJisbasedonMAQwithanaddedrestrictiononquotaadjust､mentssoresu旭tsarereportedon旭yforMAQ､ADJscFISHRENTTIandIFROhavenear旭yidentica旭mode旭characteristicsandarecombinedforpurposesofreportings
TABLE ゲ科 ｪContinuedｫ
葦科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
the Supp旭ementaryMateria旭 Tab旭e Sゲ inc旭uding the exp旭anations ofthecategorieshereinsTheMode旭Eva旭uationMatrixsummarizesthefo旭旭owingmode旭characteristicsrｪiｫmanagementquestionsthemode旭addressed or can addressq ｪiiｫ corresponding advice ｪbio旭ogica旭 andeconomicｫthemode旭providesqｪiiiｫinstitutiona旭set､upandp旭atformsfor the mode旭 inc旭uding needed partnersq ｪivｫ type of mode旭 inc旭u､dingmode旭旭inkingpcoup旭ingand旭eve旭ofintegrationｪ旭inkedtotypeofmode旭ｫqｪvｫmode旭dimensionsandmode旭structureqｪviｫusefu旭nessofthemode旭qｪviiｫfocusandtrade､offsｪ旭inkedtousefu旭nessaboveｫqｪviiiｫdatarequirementsqｪixｫstatusofthedeve旭opmentpapp旭icationpimp旭e､mentationanduseofthemode旭incasestudiesqｪxｫdisseminationofthemode旭 inc旭udingmode旭 p旭atformp programming 旭anguagep acces､sibi旭ityqandｪxiｫformatofoutputsForeachoftheabovebu旭旭etsptheanswerscou旭dbegivenaccordingtoasca旭ingofthedegreeor旭eve旭ofthemode旭spthatis旭owpmediumphighs
ゴsジ科|科Mode旭 Categorization and Descriptors Summary Tab旭e
Eachoftheabovebu旭旭etsisusedasanaxisｪroworco旭umnｫinamu旭､tidimensiona旭 diagramｦthe Mode旭 Categorization and DescriptorsSummary Tab旭e shown in SM Tab旭e Sゴp which has been fi旭旭ed infor each mode旭 eva旭uateds Detai旭ed descriptions of the Mode旭CategorizationandDescriptorsSummaryTab旭eandanexamp旭efor
onemode旭aregivenintheTab旭eSゴsFurthermorepthecompi旭edma､teria旭isshowninthespiderwebsummaryp旭otsintheresu旭tssectioninFiguresゴ･葦s
Inthesummarytab旭eptheprimary､旭eve旭descriptorsintherowsarecategorizedintoｪiｫadvisorymode旭sintheshorttermｪfisheriesadvicewith fish stock assessmentｫp ｪiiｫ assessmentof outcomesof existingTACorTAEｪshorttermｫpｪiiiｫmanagementstrategyeva旭uationｪmediumtermp 旭ong termｫp ｪivｫ strategic 旭ong､termadviceand ｪvｫbroaderbio､economicadviceｪmedium､旭ongtermｫsThesecondary､旭eve旭descriptorsintheco旭umnsofthetab旭eiscategorizedintothreemajormode旭de､scriptors covering ｪiｫmode旭 dimensions and structure｠reso旭utionp ｪiiｫmode旭comp旭exityandf旭exibi旭ityandｪiiiｫmode旭typeｪseefurtherde､scriptionsanddetai旭ingofthisintheTab旭eSゴｫs
ゴsズ科|科The Mode旭 Use and Trade､Off Summary Tab旭e
TheMode旭UseandTrade､OffSummaryTab旭egiveninSMTab旭eSザcompi旭estheinformationthatmode旭deve旭opersprovidedintheMode旭CharacteristicsandPerformanceEva旭uationMatricesandtheMode旭CategorizationandDescriptorsSummaryTab旭esThistab旭enotesthepresenceorabsenceofparticu旭armode旭characteristicsandqua旭itiesinanoverviewformthatfaci旭itatescomparisonacrossmode旭ssThereisa rowforeachmode旭andwith theco旭umns indicatingthemode旭characteristicsaccordingtotheprimaryuseandtypesofusepaswe旭旭
F IGURE ゲ科Overviewofmainmode旭app旭icationsandimp旭ementation
科架 科 | 科ゼNIELSEN ET AL.
TABLE ゴ科Disseminationandpub旭icationofeva旭uatedmode旭s
No Mode旭 abbreviation Mode旭 pub旭ication
1 CRABABC Punteta旭spゴグゲゴs
2 CRABACID Punteta旭spゴグゲジqSeungeta旭spゴグゲズqPunteta旭spゴグゲ葦s
3 MSPM Horbowypゲゾゾ葦pゴググズs
4 EIAA FrostpLevringpHoffpｹThøgersenpゴググゾqs
5 BEMEF Frosteta旭spゴググゾqCarpenterｹEstebanpゴグゲズqNewEconomicsFoundationゴグゲ葦s
6 MAQ VanDijketa旭spゴグゲザs
ゼ MAQ､ADJ VanDijkpHendrixpHaijemapGroeneve旭dpｹvanIer旭andpゴグゲ葦s
8 IMATSTRL vanPutteneta旭spゴグゲゴqvanPuttenpDengpeta旭spゴグゲザqvanPuttenpGortonpFu旭tonpThebaudゴグゲザqP旭ag史nyieta旭spゴグゲゴpゴグゲザqPascoepHuttonpvanPuttenpDennispP旭ag史nyipeta旭spゴグゲザqPascoepHuttonpvanPuttenpDennispSkewespゴグゲザqHuttoneta旭spｪゴグゲ葦ｫs
9 ECO圧 Bethkepゴグゲザapbpゴグゲズpゴグゲ葦qBethkepBernreutherpｹTa旭旭manpゴグゲザqs
10 STOCHHCRｪITQWEALTHｫ
DaRochaｹGuti爾rrezpゴグゲゲqDa､RochaｹPujo旭aspゴグゲゲqDaRochaｹMato､Amboagepゴグゲ葦qDaRochaｹSemperepゴグゲ葦qDaRochapCervi汁opｹGuti爾rrezpゴグゲグqDaRochapGuti爾rrezpｹAnte旭opゴグゲゴqDaRochapGuti爾rrezpｹCervi汁opゴグゲゴqDaRochapGuti爾rrezpCervi汁opｹAnte旭opゴグゲゴqDaRochapGuti爾rrezpｹAnte旭opゴグゲザqDaRochapGuti爾rrezpGarcia､CutrinpｹJardimpゴグゲズqDaRochapGuti爾rrezpGarcia､CutrinpｹTouzapゴグゲ葦qDaRochapGuti爾rrezpｹGarcia､Cutrinpゴグゲ葦qDaRochapGuti爾rrezpGarcia､CutrinpｹJardimpゴグゲゼqArnasonpゴググゴqWeningerandJustpゴググゴqHeapspゴググザqWeningerandWaterspゴググザqWeningerpゴググ芦qKittseta旭spゴグゲゲs
11 DISPLACE BastardiepNie旭senpAndersenpｹEigaardpゴグゲグqBastardieeta旭spゴグゲザpゴグゲジqBastardiepNie旭senpEigaardpeta旭spゴグゲズqBastardiepNie旭senpEeropFugapｹRindorfpゴグゲゼqNie旭senpKristensenpLewypｹBastardiepゴグゲジqwwwsdisp旭ace､projectsorgｪグゲAprゴグゲゼｫs
12 ISIS､FISH MahevasｹPe旭旭etierpゴググジqPe旭旭etiereta旭spゴググゾqDrouineaupMah爾vaspPe旭旭etierpｹBe旭iaeffpゴググ葦qDrouineaupMah爾vaspBertignacpｹDup旭iseapゴグゲグqDup旭iseapゴグゲグqLehutapMah爾vaspPetitgaspｹPe旭旭etierpゴグゲグqRock旭inpPe旭旭etierpMoui旭旭otpTomasinipｹCu旭io旭ipゴグゲグqLehutapMah爾vaspｹLeF旭ocvhpゴグゲザqLehutapPetitgaspeta旭spゴグゲザqLehutapHo旭旭andpｹPershingpゴグゲジqLehutapVermardpｹMarcha旭pゴグゲズqRochetｹRicepゴグゲグqMarcha旭pLitt旭epｹThebaudpゴグゲゲqMarcha旭pDeO旭iveirapLorancepBau旭ierpｹPaw旭owskipゴグゲザqHusseineta旭spゴグゲゲapbqVermardeta旭spゴグゲゴqGaschepMahevaspｹMarcha旭pゴグゲザqReechteta旭spゴグゲズs
13 BALTICFLR､SMS Bastardieeta旭spゴググゾqBastardiepNie旭senpｹKrauspゴグゲグqBastardiepVintherpNie旭senpU旭richpｹStorr､Pau旭senpゴグゲグqBastardiepVintherpｹNie旭senpゴグゲゴqBastardiepNie旭senpｹVintherpゴグゲズqBastardieｹNie旭senpゴグゲゲqNie旭seneta旭spゴグゲゲqFeekingseta旭spｪsubmittedｫs
14 IAM MacherpGuyaderpTa旭idecpｹBertignacpゴググ芦qMachereta旭spゴグゲザqMerz爾r爾audpBiaispLissardypBertignacpｹBiseaupゴグゲザqMerz爾r爾audeta旭spゴグゲゲqSimmondseta旭spゴグゲゲqRaveaueta旭spゴグゲゴqGui旭旭爾neta旭spゴグゲザqGui旭旭爾npMacherpMerz爾r爾audpFifaspｹGuyaderpゴグゲジqGui旭旭爾npMacherpMerz爾r爾audpBoncoeurpｹGuyaderpゴグゲズqEUSTECFpゴグゲズapbpcs
15 SIMFISH Barte旭ingspHamonpBerkenhagenpｹBuismanpゴグゲズqKempfeta旭spゴグゲ葦s
16 FISHRENTIFRO FrostpAndersenpｹHoffpゴグゲゲpゴグゲザqLassenpAnkerPedersenpFrostpｹHoffpゴグゲザqThøgerseneta旭spゴグゲゴqSa旭zeta旭spゴグゲグs
ゲゼ FISHRENTTI Sa旭zeta旭spゴグゲゲqSimonspBarte旭ingspeta旭spゴグゲジqSimonspD塾ringpTemmingゴグゲジqSimonspD塾ringpｹTemmingpゴグゲズaqSimonspD塾ringpｹTemmingpゴグゲズbs
18 SRRMCF Wa旭doandPau旭rudゴグゲザapbqゴグゲ葦qPau旭rudｹWa旭dopゴグゲゲs
19 NECLH Ho旭旭andpゴグゲゲapbqLehutaeta旭spゴグゲジqs
20 BALsECON､ECOL TahvonenpゴググゾqVosspeta旭spゴグゲゲqVosspQuaaspSchmidtpHoffmannゴグゲジqVosspQuaaspSchmidtpTahvoneneta旭spゴグゲジqSkonhofteta旭spゴグゲゴqTahvoneneta旭spゴグゲザs
21 ELFSIM Litt旭eeta旭spゴググゼqLitt旭epPuntpMapstonepBeggpGo旭dmanpE旭旭isゴググゾqLitt旭epPuntpMapstonepBeggpGo旭dmanpWi旭旭iamspゴググゾqs
22 NPFTPBEM DichmontpPuntpDengpDe旭旭pｹVenab旭espゴググザqDichmonteta旭spゴグゲグqDichmontpDengpPuntpVenab旭espｹHuttonpゴグゲゴqPunteta旭spゴグゲグqゴグゲゲqDengpPuntpDichmontpBuckworthpｹBurridgepゴグゲズqs
23 NPFBIOECON Gourgueteta旭spゴグゲジpゴグゲ葦qDichmonteta旭spゴググザpゴググ芦qPunteta旭spゴグゲグpゴグゲゲs
24 MEFISTO L旭eonarteta旭spゲゾゾゾpゴググザqMaynoupSard司pTude旭apｹDemestrepゴググ葦qMaynoupMart趣nez､Ba汁ospDemestrepｹFranquesapゴグゲジqMattospMaynoupｹFranquesapゴググ葦qMerinopKar旭ou､RigapAnastopou旭oupMaynoupｹL旭eonartpゴググゼqTratniketa旭spゴググゼqSi旭vestriandMaynouゴググゾqGui旭旭爾neta旭spゴグゲゴqMaynoupゴグゲジqMaoue旭pMaynoupｹBedranipゴグゲジqMarave旭iaspPantazipｹMaynoupゴグゲジqs
ｪContinuesｫ
芦科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
asmajortrade､offssThecompi旭edtab旭eanddescriptionstoitaregivenintheSMTab旭eSザsA旭soforthistab旭epthecompi旭edmateria旭isshowninthespiderwebsummaryp旭otsintheresu旭tssectioninFiguresゴ･葦s
Theco旭umnsofthetab旭ecategorizeeachmode旭 intermsofsixmajorfactorssThemainusesandfocusofthemode旭are identifiedinc旭udingr whether it is used to eva旭uate data needs ｪesgs specifictypesofdataorspecificdataco旭旭ectionprogramsｫqwhetherithasasing旭e､stockpmu旭tispeciespmixed fishery or ecosystem orientationqandwhetheritprovideseconomicandsocia旭adviceｪmaincoverageofuseｫsSevera旭mode旭sdo inc旭udesomesocia旭parameterssuchasemp旭oyment and distribution of impacts across fishing f旭eets andamongvesse旭ownersandcrewsMostmode旭sinc旭udeon旭yeconomicparameters but may be used to eva旭uate the imp旭ications of ma､nagementchangesonbroadersocia旭concernssuchassecurityofre､sourcesupp旭ytoregiona旭or旭oca旭communityindustrysBio､economicmode旭smaya旭soproxyforfami旭ystatusortraditionbymodificationsto parameters affecting fishing trip duration or fishing effort a旭旭o､cationsThematrix tab旭e specifieswhat governancebody and 旭eve旭eachmode旭aremeanttoprovideadviceto ｪesgsaspecificcountrypICESp EUpAustra旭ian or NorthAmerican regiona旭 management bo､diesｫandthedegreetowhichadvicefromthemode旭hasbeenim､p旭ementedｪmanagementadviceｫsThematrixtab旭eindicateswhetherapaperbasedonthemode旭hasbeenpub旭ishedinapeer､reviewedjourna旭oron旭ya reportor interna旭agency｠departmentdocumentspandwhether it hasbeen frequent旭y citedsTheageof themode旭 isshowna旭ongwiththe旭eve旭ofmode旭deve旭opmentｪesgsisiton旭yfor
advanceuserspisthereabigmu旭tiuserdeve旭opmentgrouppisthereawebsiteforthemode旭nｫsThiscoversthe旭eve旭ofmode旭deve旭opmentpapp旭icationandimp旭ementationsFina旭旭yptrade､offsinmode旭usearenotedaccordingtowhetherthemode旭issimp旭eorcomp旭expwhetheritisspecia旭izedorf旭exib旭epandwhetherthemode旭isusab旭eon旭ybymode旭deve旭opersor isopenaccessanduser friend旭ys In theTab旭eSザpfurtherdetai旭sanddescriptionsofthedifferentcategoriesinthematrixtab旭eareprovideds
ゴs葦科|科Spider web charts with frequency classification of the models
Asetofsemi､quantitativespiderwebp旭otsｪFiguresゴ･ゼｫisproducedbasedonthecompi旭edmode旭summaryanddescriptortab旭essHerepeachof the rowsor co旭umns in the summary tab旭es isdepicted inspiderwebp旭ots inwhich the frequencyofmode旭sbe旭onging toacertain category with respect to mode旭 propertiesp characteristicsortypeofmode旭canbesummarizedaccordingtocriteriausedforeva旭uatingthemode旭ssThefrequencyp旭otsareusedtocomparethefocus and capabi旭ityof thedifferentmode旭s andwhatmaindirec､tionsofdeve旭opmentthedifferentmode旭srepresentsForexamp旭epthe figures summarize the findings in terms of the 旭eve旭 of imp旭e､mentationofthemode旭saccordingtothepurposeofthemode旭spforexamp旭ewhether it is foracademicpurposespapp旭ication inadviceandmanagementpandwhetherthemode旭isfu旭旭ydeve旭opedandin､tegratedornots
No Mode旭 abbreviation Mode旭 pub旭ication
25 FLBEIA GarciapSanturtunpPre旭旭ezopSanchezpｹAndrespゴグゲゴqGarciapUrtizberrapDiezpGi旭pｹMarcha旭pゴグゲザqGarc趣apPre旭旭ezopeta旭spゴグゲ葦qGarc趣apSanchezpPre旭旭ezopUrtizbereapAndresゴグゲ葦qJardimeta旭spゴグゲザqPre旭旭ezoeta旭sp2016.
26 FCUBE ICESゴググ葦pゴグゲジapbqHoffeta旭spゴグゲグqU旭richeta旭spゴグゲゲpゴグゲゼqIriondoeta旭spゴグゲゴqMarave旭iaspDama旭aspU旭richpKatsanevakispｹHoffpゴグゲゴqJardimeta旭spゴグゲザqEUSTECFpゴグゲズbqICESゴグゲズcpds
ゴゼ GBFWCGE Seungゴググ葦qStee旭eeta旭spゴググゼqPanpFai旭旭erpｹF旭orospゴググゼqs
28 BALTICATL Fu旭toneta旭spゴグゲゲqPa旭aczeta旭spゴグゲジpゴグゲズpInRevisionqNie旭senpThunbergpeta旭spゴグゲズqNie旭seneta旭spゴグゲズbqNie旭senpPa旭aczpeta旭spゴグゲズs
29 CACURRENTATL Kap旭aneta旭spゴググゾpゴグゲゴpゴグゲジqFu旭toneta旭spゴグゲゲqKap旭anｹLeonardpゴグゲゴqs
30 SEAUSATL Fu旭toneta旭spゴグゲゲqvanPuttenpGortonpFu旭tonpThebaudゴグゲザqvanPuttenpDengpeta旭spゴグゲザqFu旭toneta旭sp2014;.
31 SS､DBEM､IOT Fernandeseta旭spゴグゲザqFernandespKaypeta旭spゴグゲ葦qFernandespPapathanasopou旭oupeta旭spゴグゲ葦qQueir祝seta旭sp2015.
32 GEM Ravn､JonsenゴグゲゲqAndersenpBranderpRavn､JonsenゴグゲジqAndersenpAndersenpMard旭eゴグゲジqRavn､Jonseneta旭spゴグゲ葦s
33 PERUEwE Po旭ovinaゲゾ芦ジqChristensenｹPau旭ypゲゾゾゴqChristensenｹWa旭terspゴググジqWa旭tersandMarte旭旭ゴググジqWa旭tersandChristensenゴググゼqWa旭terseta旭spゲゾゾゼpゲゾゾゾpゴグググqChristenseneta旭spゴグゲゲpゴグゲジqBevi旭acquapCarva旭hopAnge旭inipSteenbeekpｹChristensenpInpreps
34 BSEAEwE Po旭ovinaゲゾ芦ジqChristensenｹPau旭ypゲゾゾゴqChristensenｹWa旭terspゴググジqWa旭tersandMarte旭旭ゴググジqWa旭tersandChristensenゴググゼqWa旭terseta旭spゲゾゾゼpゲゾゾゾpゴグググqTomczaketa旭spゴグゲゴpゴグゲザs
35 NSEAEwE Po旭ovinaゲゾ芦ジqChristensenｹPau旭ypゲゾゾゴqChristensenｹWa旭terspゴググジqWa旭tersandMarte旭旭ゴググジqWa旭tersandChristensenゴググゼqWa旭terseta旭spゲゾゾゼpゲゾゾゾpゴグググqP旭ag史nyiandButterworthゴググジqMackinsonpゴグゲジqMackinsonｹDaska旭ovpゴググゼqMackinsonpDeaspBeveridgepｹCaseypゴググゾqHeymanspMackinsonpSumai旭apDyckpｹLitt旭epゴグゲゲqICESゴグゲゲqRomagnonieta旭spゴグゲズqCo旭旭爾tereta旭spゴグゲズs
TABLE ゴ科 ｪContinuedｫ
科架 科 | 科ゾNIELSEN ET AL.
ザ科 |科RESULTS
Theresu旭tsof theg旭oba旭 reviewcoveracomparativeeva旭uationofザズ IEEFMs ｪTab旭esゲ･ゴpFigureゲｫsThese旭ectedmode旭srepresentabroadrangeofIEEFMspbuta旭旭addresscommercia旭fisheriesandas､sociatedfishstockssThemetadataco旭旭ectedforeachmode旭providedinformation on capabi旭itiesp mode旭 structurep trade､offs andmode旭usessThroughoutitisimportanttokeepinmindthattheeva旭uationsof mode旭 characteristics are primari旭y based on se旭f､assessmentsprovided by themode旭旭ers themse旭vess In this sectionpwe presentsummaryinformationforthesese旭f､assessmentsacrossa旭旭mode旭soneachof theseaforementioneddimensionssThroughoutweuse themode旭abbreviationsnotedinTab旭esゲ､ゴsThegeographica旭distribu､tionofmode旭 imp旭ementation isshown inFigureゲsSevera旭 mode旭shave been wide旭y imp旭ementedp for examp旭e At旭antis and EwEpandon旭ya fewexamp旭esofspecific imp旭ementationsareshown inFigureゲsSomeoftheザズmode旭sana旭ysedareinc旭udedwithsevera旭
imp旭ementationsandsimi旭armode旭shavebeenc旭usteredｪTab旭esゲ･ゴｫ resu旭ting in ザゴ categories in the mode旭 meta､ana旭ysis p旭ots inFiguresゴ､芦s The order and sequence of themode旭s in Tab旭esゲ･ゴandaccording旭y in theFiguresゴ･芦wasdeterminedby typeof ad､vice addressed and units inc旭uded in the mode旭s ｪdata co旭旭ectionpsing旭e､stockpmu旭tispeciespmixedfisherypbio､economicspecosystemqFigureゴPane旭ザｫaswe旭旭asaccordingtocomp旭etenessandintegra､tionofmodu旭esｪbio旭ogica旭suchassing旭e､｠mu旭tispecieson旭ypsing旭e､stock economicp mu旭tispecies economicp mu旭tispecies ecosystem｠economicqFigureゴPane旭ジｫs
Figureゴreportstherangeofcapabi旭itiesintermsoftypeofman､agementadvice fromshort to 旭ong term ｪPane旭ゲｫand input｠outputtypeofadviceｪPane旭ゴｫpstructura旭componentsintermsofadvice旭eve旭ｪPane旭ザｫandstructura旭modu旭esand旭inkagesinc旭udedinthemode旭sｪPane旭ジｫs
Pane旭ゲshowsthemanagementadvicecapabi旭itiesasconcentricringswheretheinnermostringrepresentsmode旭sthatmaybeused
F IGURE ゴ科Mode旭capabi旭itiesPane旭ゲｦmode旭designcapabi旭itiestoprovideshort､termtactica旭pmedium､termMSEor旭ong､termstrategicadviceqPane旭ゴｦmode旭capabi旭itytoprovidemanagementadviceonsettingTACspeffort旭imitspITEandITQqPane旭ザｦmode旭structura旭characteristicsintermsofadviceondataco旭旭ectionpstockspf旭eetspeconomicandecosystemcomponentsqPane旭ジｦmode旭useindexintermsofinc旭udedmodu旭esandtheir旭inkagesforbio旭ogyｪstocksｫpeconomicandecosystems
0
1
2
3
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1 = Short-term advice
2 = Medium- term MSE
3 = Long-term strategic
Panel 1
0
1
2
3
4
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
Panel 2
1 = TAC or Quota
2 = Effort
3 = ITE
4 = ITQ
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCF
NECLHELFSIM
MEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwE
N SEA EwE
1 = Data collec on
2 = Single stock
3 = Multispecies
4 = Mixed fiskery
5 = Bio-economic
6 = Ecosystem
Panel 3
0
1
2
3
4CRAB ABC
MSPMMAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
Model Use Index
1 = Single/multispecies only
2 = Single stock/economic
3 = Multispecies/economic
4 = Multispecies/ecoystem/economic
Panel 4
ゲグ科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
toprovideshort､termadviceonTACsorimpactspandtheouterringrepresentsmode旭s that aredesigned toprovide 旭ong､termstrategicadvicesForanygivenmode旭ptherangeofcapabi旭itiescanbetraced
a旭ong the ray emanating from theorigin to themode旭 abbreviationwhereamarkeroneachringdenotes thepresenceofeachcapabi旭ityｪshort､term tactica旭 advice ｪゲｫp medium､term MSE advice ｪゴｫ and
F IGURE ザ科Mode旭characteristicsPane旭ゲｦmode旭fishingf旭eetcharacteristicsｪentirefisherypm爾tiersoragent､basedｫqPane旭ゴｦmode旭spatia旭reso旭utioncharacteristicsｪVMStrackpsubareapstockareapregionsporecosystemｫqPane旭ザｦmode旭bio旭ogica旭characteristicsｪage､structuredpsize､structuredporbiomassｫqPane旭ジｦmode旭timestepｪseasonpyearpmu旭tiyearｫqPane旭ズｦmode旭characteristicsintermsofstaticpdynamicorequi旭ibriumwithrespecttocoup旭ingqPane旭葦ｦmode旭characteristicsintermsofsimu旭ationand｠oroptimizationa旭gorithms
0
1
2
3
4
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1= Full Fishery
2 = Single Métier
3 = Multiple Métiers
4 = Agent-based
Panel 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-…
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1 = Ecoystem
2 = Region
3 = Stock area
4 = Stock subareas
5 = VMS track
Panel 2
0
1
2
3
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1 = Biomass
2 = Size
3 = Age
Panel 3
0
1
2
3
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1 = Year
2 = Muliple years
3 = Season
Panel 4
0
1
2
3
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1 = Static
2 = Equilibrium
3 = Dynamic
Panel 5
0
1
2
3
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1 = Simulation
2 = Optimization
3 = Both
Panel 6
科架 科 | 科ゲゲNIELSEN ET AL.
旭ong､term strategic advice ｪザｫs For examp旭ep ゲズmode旭s inc旭ude thecapabi旭itytoprovideshort､termpmedium､termMSEand旭onger､termstrategicadvicesBycontrastpMAQ､ADJandGEMaredesignedon旭y
for 旭ong､term strategic advicesHoweverp these twomode旭s are theexceptionasa旭旭othermode旭sareconstructedtoprovidemu旭tip旭ead､visorycapabi旭itiess
F IGURE ジ科Mode旭characteristicsPane旭ゲｦfishingsectorcomponentsｪcatchsectorpfisherysysteminc旭udingprocessinganddistributionpcommunitiespandmu旭tip旭esectorsofa旭oca旭orregiona旭economyｫqPane旭ゴｦestimationofmode旭parametersｪqua旭itativeindicatorspdeterministicorstochasticparametersｫpPane旭ザｦmode旭characteristicsintermsofuseofmarketpricespconsiderationoftheva旭uechainandinc旭usionofnon､marketva旭uesqPane旭ジｦtypeofembeddedinteractionsｪ旭inearpnon旭inearorbothｫqPane旭ズｦnatureofembeddedeconomicbehavioura旭mode旭ｪtactica旭pstrategicornobehavioura旭modu旭eｫqPane旭葦ｦinc旭udedfunctionsｪrecruitmentpcatchabi旭itypfishpricesandharvestcostsｫ
0
1
2
3
4
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
Panel 1
1 = Catch sector
2 = Fishery system
3 = Communities
4 = Multi-sectors
0
1
2
3
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
Panel 2
1 = Qualitative indicator
2 = Deterministic
3 = Stochastic
0
1
2
3
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
Panel 3
1 = Market values
2 = Value chain
3 = Non-market values
0
1
2
3
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1 = Linear
2 = Nonlinear
3 = Both
Panel 4
0
1
2
3
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1 = Tactical
2 = Strategic
3 = None
Panel 5
0
1
2
3
4
CRAB ABCMSPM
MAQ-ADJ
EIAA
BEMEF
IMATSTRL
ECO²
STOCH HCR
DISPLACE
ISIS-FISH
BALTIC FLR-SMS
IAM
SIMFISH
FISHRENT
SRRMCFNECLH
ELFSIMMEFISTO
NPFTPBEM
NPF BIOECON
BALTIC ECON-ECOL
FLBEIA
FCUBE
GBFWCGE
BALTIC ATL
CA CURRENT ATL
SE AUS ATL
SS-DBEM-IOT
GEM
PERU EwE
B SEA EwEN SEA EwE
1 = Recruitment
2 = Catchability
3 = Fish prices
4 = Harvest costs
Panel 6
ゲゴ科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
Pane旭 ゴ of Figureゴ shows structura旭 components of themode旭capabi旭itywith respect to typeofadviceprovidedby themode旭sAswasthecaseforPane旭ゲpmarkersoneachconcentricringdenotethepresenceofeachoffourcomponentssuchasoutputadviceonTACandquotaｪゲｫpinputeffortadviceｪゴｫpindividua旭tradeab旭eeffortquotaadviceｪザｫorindividua旭transferab旭equotaadviceｪジｫsMostmode旭spro､videTAC､Quotaadviceｪゴゴmode旭sｫsThreemode旭sprovideadviceona旭旭 four 旭eve旭ssAnother threemode旭sprovideadviceonthree 旭eve旭spwhi旭eeightprovidebothTAC､quotaandeffort､basedadvicepbutnoadvice re旭evant to individua旭 effort or catch quotass In tota旭p threemode旭s provide on旭y individua旭､based advice covering both outputｪITQｫandinputｪITEｫadviceptwomode旭sprovideon旭yITQadvicepandonemode旭provideson旭yITEadvicesFina旭旭yponemode旭provideson旭yeffort､basedadvices
Pane旭ザofFigureゴshowsthestructura旭componentsinc旭udedineachmode旭intermsofadvice旭eve旭sMarkersoneachconcentricringdenotethepresenceofeachofsixcomponentswithadviceondataco旭旭ection旭eve旭ｪゲｫsing旭e､stock旭eve旭ｪゴｫpmu旭tispecies旭eve旭ｪザｫpmixed
fishery旭eve旭ｪジｫpbio､economic旭eve旭ｪズｫandecosystem旭eve旭ｪ葦ｫsWithafewexceptionspsing旭e､speciesmode旭scanbesca旭eduptomu旭tispe､ciespa旭thoughthisdoesnotnecessari旭ymeanthattheoppositeisa旭sotrues In tota旭p ゴ芦mode旭s inc旭udemu旭tispeciespゴズ inc旭udemixed fish､ eriesp ザジ inc旭ude bio､economic functions or parametersp and nineinc旭udeecosystemconsiderationssA旭旭ninemode旭s that inc旭udeeco､systemsa旭so inc旭udemixedfisheriespbio､economicandmu旭tispeciesstructura旭 componentsexcept foronenot inc旭udingmixed fisheriessTheAt旭antismode旭doesinc旭udethecapacitytocoverindividua旭spe､cies and to have that in a foodwebwith functiona旭 groups ｪeitherage or size reso旭ved or biomass poo旭sｫsTheECO2 has the potentia旭toformu旭atesimp旭ebio旭ogica旭mode旭satpresentuptofu旭旭ecosystemmode旭s in futuresThe termmu旭tispecies here shou旭d inmost casesｪexceptforthebe旭owmentionedｫbeinterpretedasmu旭tistockwheresevera旭 species sing旭e､stock assessments have been inc旭udeds On旭yvery few mode旭s inc旭ude dynamic fu旭旭 feedback bio旭ogica旭｠trophicinteractions and｠or estimate fish natura旭morta旭ity ｪmorta旭ity due tonatura旭causesｫasfunctionofpforexamp旭eppredationpressuresSuch
F IGURE ズ科Mode旭trade､offsPane旭ゲｦexpertiserequiredtoconductmode旭runsｪdeve旭operpspecia旭izedexpertiseortrainingporgenera旭expertiseｫqPane旭ゴｦmode旭app旭icationsｪspecia旭izedpsimp旭eorf旭exib旭eｫqPane旭ザｦmode旭accessibi旭itytoendusersｪsoftwarerequiredpopenaccessanduser､friend旭inessｫqPane旭ジｦre旭ationshipbetweenmode旭comp旭exityanddataneedsｪsimp旭ewith旭owdataneedspsimp旭ewithhighdataneedsandcomp旭exwithhighdataneedsｫ
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科架 科 | 科ゲザNIELSEN ET AL.
F IGURE 葦科 : Summary of model use
Pane旭ゲｦmode旭imp旭ementationｪnonep旭owpmediumphighｫqPane旭ゴｦacademicuseｪmode旭sthaton旭yhavetechnica旭reportspmode旭sthathavebeenpub旭ishedinthepeer､reviewed旭iteratureandmode旭sthathavebeenwide旭ycitedｫpPane旭ザｦ旭eve旭ofadviceformode旭sｪNationa旭pEUpNationa旭andEUpEUandICESpNationa旭pEUandICESｫ
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ゲジ科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
exp旭icit mode旭旭ing of bio旭ogica旭 interactions is on旭y performed by afewecosystemandmu旭tispecies､interactionmode旭ssuchasAt旭antispEwEpSS､DBEM､IOTpGBFWCGEpBa旭tic､FLR､SMSandtheBa旭tic､Econ､Eco旭mode旭ssTheGEMexp旭icitmode旭sabio､energeticbudgetoftheindividua旭predatorandthereby旭inkssomaticgrowthwiththepreda､tionmorta旭ityinf旭ictedonitspreys
Pane旭ジofFigureゴprovidesascoreforstructura旭旭inkagesintermsofsing旭eormu旭tispeciespbio､economicsandecosystemsInthiscasepthe position of eachmode旭 on the concentric circ旭es is interpretedas the 旭eve旭ofstructura旭 旭inkagewhereascoreofゲmeansthat themode旭on旭yinc旭udessing旭eormu旭tip旭especiesqthemode旭hasneitherbio､economicnorecosystem旭inkagessAscoreofゴdenotesasing旭e､species mode旭 that is 旭inked with bio､economicss The majority ofmode旭sｪゲゼｫhadascoreofザpwhichdenotesmode旭sthatinc旭udemu旭ti､speciesandbio､economics旭inkagessMode旭sthatinc旭udemu旭tispeciespbio､economicandecosystem旭inkagesｪゾｫwerescoredaジs
Mode旭characteristicsarereportedinFigureザintermsoffishingf旭eetｪPane旭ゲｫpspatia旭reso旭utionand｠orcoverageofadviceｪPane旭ゴｫpbio旭ogica旭characteristicsｪPane旭ザｫptimestepand｠orcoverageinadviceｪPane旭 ジｫp dynamics ｪPane旭 ズｫ and a旭gorithmused toproducemode旭outputsｪPane旭葦ｫsIneachpane旭pconcentricringswithmarkersindicatethepresenceofaspecificmode旭characteristics
Pane旭ゲofFigureザshowsthedifferentwaysmode旭sincorporatefishingf旭eetswherethetreatmentoff旭eetsineachmode旭canbeas､certained a旭ong the ray from the origin to themode旭 abbreviationsNear旭ya旭旭mode旭s incorporatefu旭旭 fishingf旭eetspwhi旭eゴジmode旭s in､corporatemu旭tip旭em爾tiersandon旭ytwoincorporateexc旭usive旭ysing旭em爾tiersOn旭ythreemode旭sｪDISPLACEpIAMandELFSIMｫcapturefish､ingf旭eetsasindividua旭vesse旭ss
Pane旭ゴofFigureザreportsthespatia旭reso旭utionandcoverageinadvicesupportedbyeachmode旭wherethereso旭utionforeachmode旭ｪecosystemｪゲｫpregionｪゴｫpstockareasｪザｫpstocksubareasｪジｫandVMStrackｪズｫｫisdenotedbyamarkerineachconcentriccirc旭esEcosystemisamorecomp旭exbutspatia旭coarsereso旭utionthanVMStracksOn旭yDISPLACEinc旭udesaspatia旭reso旭utionatthe旭eve旭ofVMStracksNote
thatDISPLACEmaya旭sobeapp旭iedatastockareaorregiona旭spatia旭reso旭utionsTwe旭vemode旭shaveaspatia旭reso旭utionneededtoeva旭uatestocksubareaspofwhichゲゲcanbesca旭eduptoastockareasNinemod､e旭sｪa旭旭At旭antisandEwEapp旭icationspGBFWCGEpSS､DBEM､IOTpGEMｫsupportanecosystemspatia旭reso旭utionpa旭thougha旭旭butGEMandtheEwEapp旭icationsaresca旭ab旭etoaregionpstockorstockareasISIS､FISHissca旭ab旭etoaregionpstockorstocksubareasThisc旭assificationofthemode旭senab旭es theuser todistinguishwhether themode旭s are spa､tia旭旭yexp旭icitornotpthatisdotheyon旭ycoveroneareaｪregionporstockdistributionareaporfisheryareaporecosystemｫordotheycontainandcoversevera旭areasandspatia旭units ｪstocksubareaspecosystemsub､areaspotherspatia旭distinctionsuchas ICESsubareaspstatistica旭rect､ang旭esｫordotheyfo旭旭owveryhighspatia旭reso旭utiononahau旭tohau旭basis ｪor simi旭arｫoronanagent､based 旭eve旭when forexamp旭eusingVMSdatas
Pane旭ザofFigureザshowsthebio旭ogica旭characteristicsｪbiomasspesgspproductionmode旭sｪゲｫpsize､basedｪゴｫpandage､basedpforexamp旭evirtua旭popu旭ationana旭ysisｪVPAｫｪザｫｫembeddedineachmode旭sInthemajorityofmode旭s ｪゴゲｫpstockdynamicswereoftheage､basedVPAtypesOftheseage､basedmode旭spゲグmode旭sｪCRABABCpDISPLACEpISIS､FISHpNECLHpELFSIMpNECLHpMEFISTOqNPFTBEMpSS､DBEM､IOT and GEMｫ a旭so inc旭ude size､based bio旭ogica旭 considerationss Itshou旭dbenotedthatcertainecosystemmode旭ssuchastheAt旭antismode旭hasemergentsize､at､agepthatisnotafixedgrowthcurvepsoit a旭so takes size､based interactions into account ｪesgs throughgape旭imitationandsizeconstrainedreproductionｫsWhetherage､basedorsize､basedpmost of thesemode旭s are sca旭ab旭e up to an estimateofbiomasss Age､based mode旭s 旭ike DISPLACEp Ba旭tic､FLR､SMSp IAMpNECLHpMEFISTOpBa旭tic､Econ､Eco旭andGEMcertain旭ydoinc旭udebio､massestimationsSevenofthemode旭sinc旭udedinthisstudyｪMSPMpMAQ､ADJpEIAApBEMEFpECO2pFISHRENTIFROandSRRMCFｫareproductionmode旭sp for examp旭e of the Schaeffer or Cobb･Doug旭astypepbasedso旭e旭yonbiomasss
Pane旭 ジ of Figureザ reports the time steps and time reso旭utionand｠ortempora旭coverageinadviceforeachmode旭asseasona旭ｪesgs
F IGURE ゼ科Effectofmode旭accessibi旭ityandrequiredexpertiseonmode旭imp旭ementation
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科架 科 | 科ゲズNIELSEN ET AL.
旭ess than an annua旭 time stepｫ ｪゲｫp a year ｪゴｫ or mu旭tiyear ｪザｫ timeperiodp where the time step capabi旭ity is indicated by a mark oneachconcentriccirc旭esA旭旭butfiveoftheIEEFMsareannua旭旭ybasedpthatiswithyear旭ytimestepsandcoveragepandmanyｪゴグｫofthoseoperatewithmu旭tiannua旭aspectssMorethanha旭fｪゲ芦ｫofthemode旭sareseasona旭旭yexp旭icitaswe旭旭indicatinggenera旭hightimereso旭utionsSevera旭of themode旭s thatcanberunandprovideadvisoryoutputforayearormu旭tip旭eyearshavefinersca旭etimesteps｠reso旭utionintheirmode旭旭ingprocesspforexamp旭eAt旭antiscanberunwithゲゴ､toゴジ､hourtimestepsthatisthenrunouttoyearormu旭tip旭eyearssIntota旭pゴグmode旭scanberunformu旭tip旭eyearspゴゼmode旭scanberunonanannua旭basisandゲ芦onaseasona旭basissMSPMisanannua旭mode旭but canbe runovermu旭tip旭eyearswhi旭eFLBEIAp aswe旭旭 assevera旭othersｪeightmode旭sｫpinc旭udesseasonpannua旭andmu旭tiyearmode旭旭ingcapabi旭itiess
Pane旭ズofFigureザidentifiesmode旭performanceintermsofwhethertheprocessesconsideredarestatic ｪゲｫpequi旭ibriumｪゴｫordynamic ｪザｫsThe majority of mode旭s ｪゴ葦ｫ incorporate dynamic processes whi旭e ザｪMSPMpSTOCHHCRandFISHRENTIFROｫa旭soincorporateprocessesbased on equi旭ibrium conditionss On旭y two mode旭s ｪBALTIC ECON､ECOLandGBFWCGEｫhaveprocessesexc旭usive旭ybasedonequi旭ibriumconditionssISIS､FISHhase旭ementsofbothstaticanddynamicprocesseswhi旭eEIAApBEMEFpSS､DBEM､IOTandSRRMCFarestaticmode旭ss
Pane旭葦ofFigureザindicatesthetypesofa旭gorithmsusedtopro､ducemode旭outputssAmarkeron the inner ring ｪゲｫmeans that themode旭usesa simu旭ationa旭gorithmsAmarkeron the second ring ｪゴｫdenotesmode旭s that arebasedonanoptimization a旭gorithmp andamakeron theouter ring ｪザｫ indicatesmode旭s that incorporatebothpsimu旭ationandoptimizationa旭gorithmssLessthanha旭fofthemode旭sｪゲジｫaresimu旭ationmode旭spゴarestrictoptimizationmode旭spwhi旭ethe旭astha旭fｪゲ葦ｫincorporatebothtypesofa旭gorithmss
Figureジ reports additiona旭 mode旭 characteristics of the IEEFMswithfocusoneconomiccharacteristicsandsectorcoverages
Pane旭 ゲ of Figureジ exp旭ores fishing sector components in themode旭coveragecategorized intocatchsector ｪゲｫp fisherysystem in､c旭udingprocessinganddistribution ｪゴｫp societa旭communities ｪザｫandmu旭tip旭esectorsofa旭oca旭orregiona旭economyｪジｫsA旭旭mode旭saddressthecatchsectorandofthoseゴゲa旭soaddressthewiderfisherysystemand芦 a旭so address communitiessOn旭y twomode旭s ｪGBFWCGEandSS､DBEM､IOTｫcovermu旭tip旭esectorss
Pane旭 ゴ of Figureジ eva旭uates the estimation of mode旭 parame､ters covering qua旭itative indicators ｪゲｫp deterministic parameters ｪゴｫorstochasticｪザｫsMostmode旭sｪゴズｫinc旭udedeterministicparameterspwhi旭eゲゴoftheゴズa旭soinc旭udestochasticparameterestimationsAfewmode旭s inc旭udebothqua旭itative indicatorsand stochasticparameterestimation ｪザｫ or deterministic parameters ｪゲｫ whi旭e on旭y five mo､de旭s inc旭udeexc旭usive旭y stochastic parameter estimation ｪMAC､ADJpSTOCHHCRpDISPLACEpBALTICFLR､SMSandELFSIMｫs
Pane旭ザofFigureジshowsmode旭characteristicsintermsofuseofmarketprices｠va旭uesｪゲｫpconsiderationoftheva旭uechainｪゴｫandinc旭u､sionofnon､marketva旭uesｪザｫsA旭旭mode旭spexcepttheMSPMpinc旭udemarketva旭uespwhi旭esixa旭soconsidertheva旭uechainandtwoinc旭udebothmarketandnon､marketva旭uess
Pane旭ジofFigureジexp旭ores the typeof embedded interactionscovering旭inearｪゲｫpnon旭inearｪゴｫorbothｪザｫsMostmode旭sｪゴザｫinc旭udenon旭inear interactionspwhi旭eeight inc旭udebothsOn旭yonemode旭 in､c旭udedon旭y旭inearinteractionss
Pane旭ズofFigureジinvestigatesthenatureoftheembeddedeco､nomicbehavioura旭mode旭coveringnobehavioura旭modu旭eｪゲｫpastra､tegicmodu旭eｪゴｫoratactica旭modu旭eｪザｫinc旭udedsMostmode旭sinc旭udetactica旭modu旭esｪゴゲｫandofthosenineinc旭udea旭sostrategicmodu旭essOn旭y fourmode旭s inc旭ude on旭y strategic behaviourp and fivemode旭shave no behavioura旭modu旭e inc旭uded ｪCrabABCpMSPMp SRRMCFpNPFBIOECONandFCUBEｫs
Pane旭 葦 of Figureジ exp旭ores some basic functions inc旭uded inthemode旭sinre旭ationtorecruitmentｪゲｫpcatchabi旭ityｪゴｫpfishpricesｪザｫ and the harvest costs ｪジｫsMostmode旭s inc旭ude indicators andparameters for recruitmentp catchabi旭ityp costs and pricess Somemode旭shavethoseindicatorsinc旭udedasendogenousre旭ationshipspother mode旭s use exogenous re旭ationships for those indicatorspwhi旭eothermode旭sinc旭ude旭inearornon旭inearinteractionsforthoseparameterss
Mode旭stypica旭旭yrequiretrade､offsthatneedtobemadethatcanaffecthowthemode旭maybeapp旭iedtoaddressamanagementques､tionsSomeofthekeytrade､offsamongmode旭sthatwereeva旭uatedfor this studyare reported inFigureズsSomeof these trade､offs in､c旭udetheexpertiserequiredtoconductana旭yses ｪPane旭ゲｫp rangeofapp旭icationsanddegreeofspecia旭izationｪPane旭ゴｫpaccessibi旭itytoendusers ｪPane旭ザｫ and the re旭ationshipbetweenmode旭 comp旭exity anddataneedsｪPane旭ジｫs
AmarkerintheinnerringｪゲｫofFigureズpPane旭ゲdenotesmode旭swhere ana旭yses ormode旭 runs need to be conducted by themode旭deve旭opersThereareゲズmode旭sthatfa旭旭intothiscategorysAmarkerinthesecondringｪゴｫofPane旭ゲmeansthatana旭ysesdonotnecessari旭yneedtobeconductedbythemode旭deve旭operbutrequirespecia旭izedexpertiseorsignificanttrainingbeforeobtainingproficiencyinusingthemode旭sFourteenmode旭srequirespecia旭izedexpertisesTheouterringｪザｫdenotesmode旭sthatcanbeusedwithsometrainingbutcanbeusedby individua旭swithgenera旭expertisesThesemode旭s inc旭udeFLBEIAandMEFISTOs
Pane旭 ゴ of Figureズ reports trade､offs a旭ong a continuum fromspecia旭ized to f旭exib旭e in terms of possib旭e uses and managementapp旭ications the mode旭 can addresssWith very few exceptionsp a旭旭mode旭swerese旭f､assessedasbeingcomp旭exsFor this reasonpcom､p旭exitywasnotinc旭udedinPane旭ゴsincedoingsowou旭dnotprovideanymeaningfu旭 information for thepurposeofmode旭comparisonssAmarkerintheinnerringｪゲｫindicatesmode旭sthathavebeendeve旭､opedtoaddressaspecia旭izedfisheryorspecificapp旭icationforspecia旭managementissuessThesemode旭sｪゼｫinc旭udeCRABABCpIMATSTRLpBALTIC ECON､ECOLp NPFTPBEMp SS､DBEM､IOTp MEFISTO andPERU EwEs Twomode旭s ｪNECLH and STOCHHCRｫ are p旭aced onthesecondringpwhichdenotessimp旭emode旭spthat is 旭esscomp旭exmode旭swithanintermediate旭eve旭ofapp旭icationwithrespecttoap､p旭icationandmanagement issuesthatcanbeaddressedpthat isbe､tweenthespecia旭ized｠specificapp旭icationandthecapabi旭ityofgenera旭app旭icationaddressingsevera旭managementissuessA旭旭othermode旭s
ゲ葦科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
旭ieontheouterringｪザｫpwhichdenotesmode旭sthatmaybeapp旭iedinawide rangeof fisheriesand｠or toaddressmanydifferentman､agementissuess
Pane旭 ザ of Figureズ reports accessibi旭ity trade､offssAmarker ontheinnerringｪゲｫofPane旭ザdenotesmode旭sthatwou旭drequireusertoobtainorpurchasespecia旭izedorproprietarysoftwarepriortousingthemode旭sManymode旭sbe旭ongtothiscategoryｪゲグｫsAmarkeronthesecondringmeans that themode旭haspon thecontrarypbeenmadeavai旭ab旭easopenaccesswhichisthecaseforゴゴofthemode旭ssInafewｪズｫofthesecasespaccesshasbeenprovidedasafreedown旭oadfromawebsitepandsometimesthereisa旭soane旭aboratedusermanua旭avai旭ab旭eatthepub旭icwebsites Inthiscasepthemode旭hasamarkerin the third ring ｪザｫsAmarkeron theouter ring ｪジｫdenotesmode旭sthata旭soarebothopenaccessanduserfriend旭ysThesemode旭sinc旭udeBEMEFpISIS､FISHpMEFISTOandtheEwEapp旭icationss
Pane旭ジofFigureズshowsthere旭ationshipbetweenmode旭com､p旭exityanddataneedswheresimp旭ewith旭owdataneedsarep旭acedontheinnerringｪゲｫpsimp旭ewithhighdataneedsonthecentreringｪゴｫandcomp旭exwithhighdataneedssituatedontheouterringｪザｫsBy farp the majority of mode旭s are high旭y comp旭ex with high dataneeds ｪゴザｫpwhi旭e twoare in the secondcategoryand seven in thefirstcategorys
An important consideration in the present mode旭 eva旭uation iswhether and howmode旭s are usedsMode旭 usemay be conditiona旭onthestageofmode旭 imp旭ementations Insomecasesptheyareon旭yusedinanacademicsettingtofurtherdeve旭oporimprovemode旭旭ingcapabi旭itiessInothercasesptheyareusedｪorintendedtobeusedｫtoprovideadvicetodifferent旭eve旭sofmanagementorganizationssIntheSMTab旭eSザpaMode旭UseandTrade､OffSummaryTab旭eisgivenwithanoverviewofa旭旭IEEFMseva旭uatedaccordingtomainuseandtypesofusepaswe旭旭asmajortrade､offsinre旭ationtotheusesBasedamongotheronthistab旭eptheFigure葦givesanoverviewandreportsmode旭comparisonsoneachofthedimensionsofmode旭usermode旭 imp旭e､mentationｪPane旭ゲｫpacademicuseｪPane旭ゴｫandmanagementadvice旭eve旭andorganizationsｪPane旭ザｫs
Pane旭 ゲ of Figure葦 provides an ordina旭 rating of eachmode旭 interms of 旭eve旭 of imp旭ementation from mode旭s that have been de､ve旭opedbuthavenotbeenapp旭iedtoanyspecificissueｪゲｫto旭eve旭sof旭owｪゴｫpmediumｪザｫandhighｪジｫimp旭ementationsMode旭sthathaveahigh旭eve旭ofimp旭ementationinc旭udeEIAApIMATSTRLpSTOCHHCRpISIS､FISHp ELFSIMp NPFTPBEMp FLBEIAp FCUBEp SEAUS ATLp SS､DBEM､IOTandtheEwEapp旭icationsｪintota旭ゲザｫsBycontrastpmod､e旭sthathavenotyetbeenimp旭ementedinc旭udeCRABACIDpBALTICECON､ECOLp NPF BIOECONp GBFWCGE and BALTIC ATL ｪズｫs A旭旭othermode旭swereratedaseithera旭owormedium旭eve旭ofimp旭emen､tationwithsevenmode旭sineachofthosemainratingss
Pane旭ゴofFigure葦isanordina旭ratingofeachmode旭intermsofacademicdisseminationandusesMode旭swhereatechnica旭reporthasbeenpreparedbutnot throughthepeer､reviewed 旭iteraturearede､notedasゲpmode旭sthathavebeenpub旭ishedinpeer､reviewedjourna旭saredenotedasゴpandpeer､reviewedmode旭sthathavebeenfrequent旭ycitedaredenotedasザsBothBALTATLandBEMEFprovide techni､ca旭 reports but have not appeared in the peer､reviewed 旭iteratureq
howeverpapaperhasbeensubmittedonthefirstsEightmode旭shavebeenfrequent旭ycitedinpeer､reviewedacademicjourna旭ssThesefre､quent旭ycitedmode旭sinc旭udeIMATSTRLpISIS､FISHpELFSIMpFCUBEpSS､DBEM､IOTp GEM and EwE ｪ芦ｫsA旭旭 othermode旭s ｪゴゴｫ have beendocumentedinpeer､reviewed旭iteratures
Pane旭ザofFigure葦reportstheadvice旭eve旭andtypesofmanage､mentorganizationsforwhicheachmode旭 isdesignedtoprovidead､vicesHerepwe 旭imit our focus tomode旭s that havebeendeve旭opedtoprovideadvicetoEuropeanmanagement institutionssFor report､ingpurposespweassignaゲtomode旭sthatseektoprovideadvicetomanagementorganizationsinasing旭enationsWeassignaゴtomode旭sthatmayprovide advice toEUnationsormanagement institutionssAザisassignedtomode旭sthataddressbothsing旭enationandEUad､viceqaジisassignedtomode旭sthatmayprovideadvicetoboththeEUandtoICESqaズisassignedtomode旭sthatprovideadvicetoNationa旭managementbodiesptheEUandICESsSevenmode旭sｪMSPMpECO2pSRRMCFpNECLHpNPFTPBEMpNPFBIOECONandGBFWCGEｫhavebeendesignedtoon旭yprovideadvicetoNationa旭managementbodieswhichcovertohighextentnon､EUmode旭ssThreemode旭sｪMAQ､ADJpSTOCHHCRandBALTICECON､ECOLｫaddressEUmanagementcon､cernsa旭onepwhi旭eEIAAandMEFISTOaddressbothEUandNationa旭managementinstitutionssTheBALTICATLandSS､DBEM､IOTaddressbothEUand ICESmanagementconcernspanda旭旭othermode旭s ｪゲゲｫaredesignedtoprovideadvicetomanagementbodiesattheNationa旭pEUandICES旭eve旭ss
Theuseofamode旭isdependentonthecombinationsandtrade､offsinre旭ationtomode旭imp旭ementationｪexperiencewiththemode旭ｫpmode旭expertiseneededtousethemode旭andtheaccessibi旭ityofthemode旭touserssFigureゼi旭旭ustratestheintegratedcategorizationofthemode旭saccordingtothosethreecriteriaandeva旭uatestheeffectofmode旭accessibi旭ityandrequiredexpertiseonmode旭imp旭ementationsThe旭eve旭sofcategorizationoftheringsinthespiderwebchartinc旭udeグrnonepゲr旭owpゴrmediumandザrhighsTherearenostrongorgenera旭trendsobservedqhoweverpthereisatendencytowardshigherimp旭e､mentationwhenaccessibi旭ity ishigherandwhencomp旭exityandex､pertiserequirementsaremoderatesA旭sopthereisatrade､offinmode旭useand旭eve旭ofimp旭ementationwiththeageofthemode旭swhichisana旭ysedinFigure芦sItappearsthata旭旭mode旭swithnoimp旭ementa､tionhaveanageofズyearsor旭esspandmostofthemode旭swith旭owormedium imp旭ementation are a旭so wyoungxmode旭swith an ageofズyearsor旭esssHoweverpare旭ative旭yhighproportionofmode旭swithhighimp旭ementationa旭sohavea旭owageofズyearsor旭esspbutinthiscategorypthesumofmode旭swithhigherageof葦､ゲグandゲゲ､ゲズyearsishigherthanyoungmode旭ss
ジ科 |科DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
ThisstudycomparesandcontrastsザズIEEFMswithawidediversityofcharacteristicsandusessThisdiversityref旭ectsrecognitionbymo､de旭旭ersthatnosing旭emode旭approachpstructureororientationisap､propriatefora旭旭needssThisrequiresmode旭旭erstomaketrade､offstobestmeettheneedsoftheintendedusesandusersforeachmode旭s
科架 科 | 科ゲゼNIELSEN ET AL.
Our aim is to he旭pmanagers and scientists better understand howandwhythecharacteristicsofIEEFMsvarysomuchpwhattrade､offsmode旭旭ers facep and what they have 旭earned from deve旭oping andcommunicating thesemode旭ssThedocumentationof thecharacter､istics of the specificmode旭sp the deve旭opment of themethods andspecific too旭s toeva旭uate andcategorizemode旭 characteristicsp andwhat themode旭deve旭opers seeas themode旭 strengths capabi旭itiesand旭imitationsa旭soprovidepotentia旭usersandothermode旭旭erswithinformationabouthowmode旭sｪandmode旭旭ersｫmaybeusefu旭tothemeithertoprovidemanagementadviceorindeve旭opingnewmode旭ssAccording旭ypwecanhe旭pmanagersandscientistschoosingthemostappropriatemode旭sfortheirspecificsystemspadvisoryandmanage､mentneedspandquestionstobeaddressedsGivenpreviousexperi､encesandexpertknow旭edgepwecanprovidemethodsand insightsonwhataspectsofmode旭stobeawareofandimp旭ementationissuesofthemode旭ss
Thismeta､ana旭ysispbasedonse旭f､assessmentsbymode旭deve旭op､erspcompi旭estheexperienceofmanydifferentmode旭旭erssWefoundthat it was important to co旭旭ect metadata from mode旭 deve旭opersrather than just use a wstandard 旭iterature reviewxbecausemanyoftheabovequestionscanon旭ybeansweredwiththeinsightthemode旭deve旭opershaveontheirownmode旭ssHoweverpresponsescompi旭edinthedeve旭opedmeta､ana旭ysistoo旭sdependonmode旭旭ersvperceivedideasandinsightpforexamp旭ecomp旭exityofamode旭dependspartia旭旭yon theeyeof thebeho旭ders For this reasonp it is important tohavethesametypeofpeop旭eｪinthiscasemode旭deve旭opersｫfi旭旭inginthematricesandsummarytab旭essAtthesametimep ithasbeenimport､anttohaveaba旭ancedgroupeva旭uatingthemode旭swithparticipationof economistsp bio旭ogistsp eco旭ogistsp theoretica旭 peop旭e and peop旭eworkingwithapp旭iedadviceandmode旭imp旭ementationsThepresentgroupofmode旭deve旭opersrepresentssuchaba旭ancedgrouppandithasbeenveryusefu旭tohavegroupdiscussionsduringworkinggroupand conferencemeetings among scientists of different fie旭ds in thepresenteva旭uations
ジsゲ科 |科GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EVALUATED IEEFMS OBTAINED FROM THE META或 ANALYSIS
Mostofthemode旭sreviewedarecase､specificｦdesignedorat旭eastparameterizedforspecificfisheriesandareasandsometimestoad､dressspecificmanagementquestionssHoweverpanumberofmode旭sare basedonmore genericmode旭旭ing p旭atforms but are parameter､izedforparticu旭arareasandfisheriesandmaya旭sofocusondifferentoperatingmode旭swithin themore genera旭mode旭s ｪesgs various ap､p旭icationsoftheAt旭antisandEwEecosystemmode旭sｫsMostmode旭sreviewedprovideshort､termｪtactica旭ｫadviceandmedium､termman､agementstrategyeva旭uationｪMSEｫpwhi旭eon旭yaboutha旭fprovidebothshort､termandmedium､termadvicepaswe旭旭asmedium､termMSEsInmanysituationspadequatedetai旭edecosystemdataand｠or旭ong､termtime､seriesdataarenotavai旭ab旭etoobtainadequateprecisiontopro､viderobustparametersforshort､termadvicewiththesemode旭ssThisisparticu旭ar旭ytrueforthemorecomp旭exmode旭swithmu旭tip旭especiesorfine､sca旭espatia旭dynamicssHoweverpnear旭ya旭旭mode旭scanprovide旭ong､termstrategicadvices
Most mode旭s were c旭assified as mu旭tistock ｪmu旭tispeciesｫ andmixedfisheriesmode旭shavingmodu旭esthata旭soconsideredeconomicsin re旭ationtofisheriesｪm爾tiersｫsMostofthesemode旭sareactua旭旭ymu旭､tistock mode旭sp that is considering severa旭 stocks in a mixed fish､eries context with technica旭 interactions between f旭eetsp but notmu旭tispecies in the sense that they integratebio旭ogica旭 interactionspfor examp旭e predationp between the different fish stocksp or eco､system interactionss On旭y a few IEEFMs inc旭ude bio旭ogica旭 interac､tionspforexamp旭eactua旭fishmu旭tispeciesprey･predatorinteractionspand｠or trophic dynamics and interactions ｪthe At旭antis and EwE app旭icationsp SS､DBEM､IOTp GBFWCGEp Ba旭tic､FLR､SMSp Ba旭tic､Econ､Eco旭 and the GEM mode旭sｫs A旭旭 mode旭s contain bio旭ogica旭･
economicinteractionswithrespecttostocksandfisheriespexceptthe
F IGURE 芦科Re旭ationshipbetweenmode旭ageandmode旭use
High
Medium
Low
None
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5 years or less 6–10 years 11–15 years > 15 years
Nu
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er
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Mo
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Model Age
High Medium Low None
ゲ芦科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
MSPMwhich isanexamp旭eofastockproductionmode旭wheretheeconomicmodu旭eisnotyetimp旭ementedpwhi旭eon旭yveryfewmode旭sｪゴｫarea旭somu旭tisectorpthatisinc旭udenon､fisherysectorstoa旭旭owformarinespatia旭p旭anningｪMSPｫsThefocusonmu旭tistockmode旭sandbi､o旭ogica旭･economicinteractionref旭ectsbroadinterestinunderstandingthetechnica旭 interactionsthatconnectfisheriessThis is in 旭argepartdrivenbyconcernsaboutby､catchanddiscardingthathavebeenanimportantpo旭icyfocusinrecentyearspparticu旭ar旭yinEuropesA旭thoughtheimportanceofunderstandingeco旭ogica旭interactionsisc旭ear旭yrec､ognizedpparameterizingthesemode旭saccurate旭yinawaythatenab旭esprovisionoftactica旭adviceisoftensti旭旭notpossib旭epandtheend､to､endecosystemmode旭sthathavebeendeve旭opedtendtobefocusedon旭onger､termstrategicadvices
In re旭ation tomode旭 dimensions and sca旭esp themajorityofmo､de旭son旭yoperatewithonegeographica旭areaandunitpthatistheyarenotspatia旭旭yexp旭icitsSomemode旭soperatewithsevera旭areassuchasstockorecosystemsubareasormanagementandadvisorysubregionspwhi旭eon旭yafewmode旭sareagent､basedoperatingatveryhighspa､tia旭 ｪand timeｫ reso旭utionsMode旭旭ing spatia旭 dynamics at a fine sca旭enoton旭ygreat旭yincreasesmode旭comp旭exitypbutita旭sorequiresdataon eco旭ogica旭 and human processes that is often 旭acking or patchysManagementadvicea旭sosti旭旭tendstofocusonremova旭satthestock旭eve旭sHoweverptheincreasingamountofuseconf旭ictsinmarineareaspnotjustbetweenfisheriespbutbetweenotherusessuchase旭ectricityproductionpaquacu旭tureandmarinetransportwi旭旭continuetocreateinterestindeve旭opingmorespatia旭旭yexp旭icitmode旭ss
Mostmode旭s are age､based or both age､ and size､basedpwhi旭eon旭y a very few are exc旭usive旭y size､baseds The broader ecosystemmode旭s usua旭旭y operatewith age disaggregation for the vertebratesｪfishp seamamma旭s andbirdsq higher trophic 旭eve旭sｫp but not for theinvertebratesand旭owertrophic旭eve旭ssAge､andsize､structuremode旭sare the standard for fu旭旭 ana旭ytica旭 stock assessmentsp the data andinformationtoparameterizeageorsize､structuredmode旭sareoftenavai旭ab旭epandageorsize､structuredbio､economicmode旭sareneces､sarytoprovideadvicecomparab旭etothatofthefu旭旭ana旭ytica旭stockassessmentssA旭sopasmanagementisoftenfocusedonissuesofby､catchanddiscardingof juveni旭esp ageandsize､structuremode旭sareoftennecessarytoaddresskeymanagementquestionss
WithrespecttothetypesofprocessesｪandfunctionsｫconsideredintheIEEFMsmostmode旭sincorporatedynamicprocessespwhi旭eon旭ya fewwere static mode旭ssMost mode旭s operatewith costsp pricespcatchabi旭ityandrecruitmentasexogenousvariab旭esorfunctionssOn旭yafewmode旭sinc旭udeequi旭ibriumprocessessAboutha旭fofthemode旭sinc旭ude both simu旭ation and optimization routines with respect toestimationofoutputparameterspwhi旭eon旭yveryfewareexc旭usive旭yoptimizationmode旭ssTherestarepuresimu旭ationmode旭ssAmongthemode旭sthatinc旭udesimu旭ationandoptimizationroutinespmostopti､mizeoverfishingeffort ｪtomaximizeprofitorminimizecostsｫpwhi旭eecosystemandmu旭tispeciesbio旭ogica旭interactionsaresimu旭atedsThisisdue to the fact that the comp旭exityofbio旭ogica旭 interactions andecosystemdynamicsdoesnot 旭end itse旭f tooptimizationsMosteco､systemandmu旭tispeciesmode旭sareeitherequi旭ibriumorsimu旭ationmode旭swheredifferentscenariosofdifferentfactorsｪc旭imatechangep
eutrophicationpressure 旭eve旭sand｠or fishingpressure 旭eve旭sonvar､ious fish speciesp etcsｫ can be eva旭uated through wwhat ifx scenarioeva旭uations
Most mode旭s provide on旭y deterministic quantitative estimatesqhoweverpafewprovideoutputparameterswithconfidence旭imitsanduncertaintyindicatedsGiventheirro旭eindecisionsupportformanage､mentpitisessentia旭toknowhowthemode旭sincorporateuncertaintypfor examp旭e uncertainty from a distribution range of output frommu旭tip旭esimu旭ationspstochasticvariab旭espdeterministicprocessesorvariab旭esmode旭旭edasrandomprocessessCommunicatinguncertaintyis c旭ear旭y importantpbuta旭soamajorcha旭旭enges Itmay increase thecomp旭exity and computationa旭 needs ofmode旭s ｪesgs requiring hun､dredsofstochasticrunsｫsMode旭旭ersa旭somay旭ackinformationonthecorre旭ation of stochastic processes in different mode旭 componentsevenwhentheyhavegoodinformationonvariationofindividua旭pro､cessess Evenwhenmode旭旭ers can provide estimates of uncertaintypusersoftenfocusonthemeanormedianresu旭tss Itcanbedifficu旭tto conveywhether or how decisions shou旭d be adjusted to ref旭ectuncertaintyanddoingsoisoftenthep旭aceofthemanagersnotthemodeller.
Withrespecttomode旭deve旭opmentpcomp旭exitypuser､friend旭inessandf旭exibi旭itypforexamp旭etowhatextentthemode旭sareeasi旭yusedand informative for po旭icymakers and stakeho旭ders ｪises industrypNGOsp other interest groupsp sciencepmanagersｫｦnear旭y ha旭f of themode旭srequireana旭ysestobeperformedbythedeve旭operｪduetodif､ficu旭tyofmode旭useｫsTheremainderofthemode旭sｪwiththeexceptionoftwomode旭swhichmaybeoperatedwithgenera旭expertiseｫcou旭dbeana旭ysedbysomeoneotherthanthedeve旭operpbutthatpersonwou旭drequire specia旭ized training or expertises On旭y four IEEFM mode旭sare characterized asuser friend旭ysThemajorityofmode旭swerede､ve旭opedusingopenaccesssoftwarebutafewhavespecificsoftwarerequirementss Most IEEFMs are characterized as f旭exib旭ep and on旭yfewofthemode旭sarespecia旭izedpandveryfewareconsideredtobesimp旭esMostmode旭shavehighdataneedspwhichaddstocomp旭exityof imp旭ementation and the need for a higher 旭eve旭 expertise to usethemsThis comp旭exity and 旭ackof user､friend旭iness a旭most certain旭y旭imits theuseofmanymode旭sun旭essmode旭旭ers areab旭e toactive旭yengage with users of the mode旭 informations Howeverp deve旭opinguser､friend旭yinterfacesformode旭scanbecost旭yandmanymode旭旭ersdonothavethoseski旭旭ss
Somewhat fewer thanha旭fof the IEEFMshaveachievedahigh旭eve旭 of imp旭ementationp that is severa旭 cases of imp旭ementationanddirectuse in fisheriesmanagementadvicesAsimi旭arproportionhasamediumor旭ow旭eve旭ofimp旭ementationinadvicepwhi旭eon旭yafewmode旭shavenoimp旭ementationata旭旭pthatison旭yscientificde､ve旭opmentsFormanyoftheimp旭ementedmode旭spthetargetedadvicehasbeenbroaderregiona旭pICESorEUpwhi旭eon旭yafewmode旭shavetargetedon旭ynationa旭advicesThe 旭attermode旭shavetypica旭旭ybeenimp旭emented in sing旭e jurisdiction systemsp such as United StatespCanadaorAustra旭iasMostof the IEEFMsarepub旭ished in scientificpeer､reviewed journa旭sq howeverp on旭y about a fourth of the mo､de旭shavefrequentcitationssAfewmode旭shavetheirownwebsitesthat are frequent旭y used and sometimes invo旭ve mode旭 down旭oads
科架 科 | 科ゲゾNIELSEN ET AL.
Accordingtotheaboveresu旭tsofthemeta､ana旭ysisptherearesevera旭examp旭esofIEEFMsthathavebeensuccessfu旭accordingtopurposepbecausethemode旭shavebeenusedinrea旭adviceandmanagementdecisionp and they have been picked up by peop旭e other than theorigina旭deve旭opers
ジsゴ科 |科MAIN CONSIDERATIONSp TRADE或 OFFS AND INSIGHTS GAINED FROM DISCUSSIONS OF THE META或 ANALYSES AT CONFERENCE THEME SESSIONS AND WORKING GROUP MEETINGS CONCERNING MODEL IMPLEMENTATION AND USE
Theabovemeta､ana旭ysissuggestsanumberoffactorsthatdeterminetheusefu旭nessofmode旭s inprovidingmanagementadviceandcon､sequent旭ythedegreetowhichmode旭advice informsandinf旭uencesmanagementdecisionssSomeofthesesuggesttrade､offsformode旭､旭erstoconsiders
Ingenera旭pitisimportanttodetermineandassessthecontextoftheuseofthemode旭inordertohaveawe旭旭､definedprob旭embeforedesigning and｠or imp旭ementing a mode旭p that is what managementobjectivesppurposesanddecisionsaretobeaddressedandinformedintheapp旭icationofthemode旭porwhetherthemode旭on旭y intendedfortheoretica旭ｪacademicｫusesHerepthereisatrade､offbetweensuc､cessfu旭imp旭ementationofamode旭andthepreviouseffortputintoan､a旭ysisofthecontextthemode旭shou旭dbeusedinsTheeffortsneededforapp旭icationofthemode旭andtheexpectedoutcomesneedtobeconsideredandba旭ancedwiththepo旭itica旭andmanagementadvisoryneedsandeconomicimportanceoftheadviceinordertobecosteffi､cientbecauseimp旭ementationofmode旭sisveryresourcedemandingsSimi旭ar旭ypitisnecessarytodefineandformu旭atequantifiab旭eobjectivesandmaketheseaprioritywhichtheIEEFMsdirect旭ycanaddresssThekeytodisseminationandtransmissionhasoftenbeenadvisorywork､inggroupsandbodiesp旭argerresearchprojectsanddedicatedtrainingcourseswhereabroaderrangeofmode旭expertshaveparticipatedsInmostcasespthedeve旭opersareinvo旭vedinprovidingtechnica旭supportandintheforma旭useofthemode旭sExpandeduseofmode旭websitesand p旭atforms show that mode旭 deve旭opers can more efficient旭ycommunicatetheirworkandmode旭sthroughcooperationwithvisua旭communicationsexpertsandgraphicdesignersandbyparticipatingincommunicationstrainingss
Morecomp旭exmode旭smaybeab旭etoaccountforinterconnectedeco旭ogica旭andeconomicprocessesandprovidemorenuancedadvicepbutun旭ess themode旭旭er is invo旭ved in themanagementprocessandcantai旭ortheoutputsandmode旭scenariostomeetmanagersvneedspthemode旭mayon旭ybeusedtoprovidegenera旭strategicadviceratherthaninformingspecificdecisionssAsimp旭erpuser､friend旭ymode旭mayprovide旭essnuancedadvicepbutifmanagersandstakeho旭derscanuseitthemse旭vespitmayhavemoreinf旭uenceondecisionssConsequent旭ypthereisatrade､offbetweentheuseandextentofinc旭usionofecosystemor economic or socia旭 comp旭exity in the IEEFMswhich givesmorenuancesbuta旭sohastheriskofreducing旭ike旭ihoodofuses
Thereisatrade､offbetweenthemode旭projectionperiodpthatisthetimesca旭epintheadviceormanagementeva旭uationitinformsandtheprecisionof themode旭outputandadvicesThedataneededp theprecisionofthedatapthetoo旭susedpaswe旭旭astheoutputproducedvary depending onwhether themode旭 dea旭swith a strategic ｪwhatshou旭dbedoneinthe旭ong､runｫpversusatactica旭approachｪwhatcanbedoneintheshort､runｫsMode旭sthatprovideusefu旭tactica旭advicemayneedtoincorporatesing旭e､speciesbio旭ogica旭mode旭scomparab旭eto stock assessment mode旭s and may need to incorporate techni､ca旭 interactions in fisheriessMode旭s usefu旭 for strategic advice needto consider how eco旭ogica旭 and economic and socia旭 processesmaychange and interact over timep but these processesmaybe hard toparameterize inways that provide both accurate short､termpredic､tionsand旭onger､terminsightssForexamp旭epastatistica旭旭yfittedstockassessmentmode旭mayprovideaccurateshort､termpredictionspwhi旭eanecosystemmode旭maybemoreusefu旭forconsideringhowthefish､ery systemwi旭旭 react to changes in theenvironmentover timesThisorientationtowardstactica旭vssstrategicadviceisparticu旭ar旭yre旭evantwith respect to human behavioura旭 and socia旭 processessMode旭旭ersfaceimportantchoicesaboutwhethertotrytosimu旭ateobservedbe､haviourwithstatistica旭旭yfittedmode旭spusetheoretica旭旭ybasedmode旭sorspecifybehaviourinthemode旭toachievesomeobjectiveｪesgsseteffortorcatchtomaximizeprofitsortofo旭旭owhistorica旭patternsofefforta旭旭ocationｫsGenera旭旭yp the former ismostusefu旭 formode旭s tobeusedfortactica旭advicepwhi旭emode旭saimedatprovidingstrategicadviceand旭ong､terminsightsmaya旭sotakethe旭atterapproachessThechoice is a旭sodependenton themanagement contextsForexamp旭epdoesthemode旭assumeanopenpoo旭resourcepeffort旭imitationspindi､vidua旭transferab旭equotasporcommuna旭managementporsomeotherrepresentationsMode旭旭ingbehaviourinITQorcommuna旭managementregimesmay requiremode旭旭ingstrategicbehaviourof fishermenandgroup dynamicspwhi旭emode旭旭ing behaviour in a common poo旭p par､ticu旭ar旭yoneobservedforsometimepmaybesimp旭ersIfthemode旭isexpectedtomakepredictionswhenthemanagementregimeisfunda､menta旭旭ychangedpstatistica旭旭yfittedbehavioura旭mode旭sbasedonpriorobservedbehaviourare旭ike旭ytodoapoorjobofpredictingbehaviourinanewmanagementregimepanditmaybenecessarytoeitherspecifybehaviourorincorporateatheoretica旭旭ybasedbehavioura旭mode旭s
It is important to use an appropriate spatia旭 sca旭e tomatch thebio旭ogica旭sca旭eandthesca旭eofkeyhumanprocessessForexamp旭epthemanagementareasandunitsaddressedinamode旭idea旭旭yshou旭dmatchtheresourcedistributionareaspthat isdistributionofthefishstockstobemanagedsIfthemanagementareaandthemode旭domainon旭ycoverpartsofthestocksdistributionareaspimportanteco旭ogica旭parametersandpopu旭ationdynamicsmaynotbecapturedandtakenfu旭旭yintoaccountinthemode旭sｪesgsmigrationspgrowthandrecruit､ment in re旭ation to spawningor feeding areasｫwhichwi旭旭 bias theiroutputsOntheotherhandpboundariesmustbedrawnatsomepointanden旭arging themwi旭旭 necessari旭y add comp旭exitysMode旭旭ersmustu旭timate旭ydecidewhetherprocessesexterna旭tothemode旭domainareconsequentia旭enoughtorequiremode旭旭ingorcanbespecifiedratherthanmode旭旭eddirect旭yｪesgsacertaincatchornatura旭morta旭ityapp旭iedoutsidethemode旭domainｫs
ゴグ科 |科 科架 NIELSEN ET AL.
Theuptakeanduseofmode旭smaydependonhowf旭exib旭etheyaresWhi旭emode旭sbui旭tfromscratchtai旭oredtospecificpurposesmayprovidemore accurate answers to the specific questions theyweredesigned forp mode旭s that enab旭e users tomodify assumptions andprocessesmayu旭timate旭ybemoreusefu旭andcanprovideusers theabi旭itytodeterminethesensitivityofresu旭tstoassumptionsorexp旭orequestionsnotorigina旭旭yenvisionedby themode旭deve旭opersMode旭sthathavebeenaround旭ongerandaremorefami旭iartomanagersareprobab旭ymore旭ike旭ytobeusedbecausetheyaremore旭ike旭ytohavebeenreviewedandpeop旭ehavesomebasisfordecidingwhethertheyprovideusefu旭andaccurateadvicesThenumberoftimesthemode旭hasprevious旭ybeenimp旭ementedorbroughttoapo旭icyinstitutionasadecisionsupporttoo旭pthemore旭ike旭ytheadvicewi旭旭beusedbecausepo旭icymakersarecomfortab旭ewithitandperhapshavehadachancetoseewhetherprioradvicewasusefu旭sThusptheremaybeatrade､offbetweenintroducinganewmode旭pevenifitisanimprovementpandstickingwithoradaptinganexistingmode旭s
ジsザ科 |科GLOBAL EXPERIENCES IN IMPLEMENTATION AND USE OF IEEFMS袷ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS FROM THE CONFERENCE THEME SESSION AND WORKING GROUP DISCUSSIONS
TheeffectiveintegrationofIEEFMsintotheprovisionofmanagementadvicecanbedrivenbyanddependonhavingadvisoryand｠orma､nagementbodiesandforaｪinstitutiona旭set､upｫwherethemode旭scanbeusedincooperationwithstakeho旭derssItcantaketimeforbui旭dingtrust intheseforapforthebodiestodeve旭opandforparticipantsto旭earntousemode旭seffective旭ysForexamp旭epintheAustra旭ianfisher､iesmanagementandadvisorysystemptheparticipatorymanagementandadvicebetweenmanystakeho旭dershasbeenthemaindriverofthe imp旭ementation of themode旭s ｪSmith eta旭sp ゲゾゾゾp ゴググゲp ゴグゲジqSainsburyeta旭spゴグググqRaynsゴググゼｫsSuchasystemrequires thees､tab旭ishmentofappropriatefaci旭itating旭egis旭ationandcomanagementbodies which can be a 旭ong process ｪズ･ゲグ yearsｫs Important旭yp thecomanagementstructureoradaptivemanagementprocessneedstobecross､sectorinvo旭vinganumberofpartiespinc旭udingpconservationand recreationa旭 fishery sectors a旭ongwith the commercia旭s Such a旭ong､termpcross､sectora旭viewhasbeentakeninthecontestedenvi､ronmentontheGreatBarrierReefｪMapstoneeta旭spゴググ芦ｫs
Effective旭y using IEEFMs to provide management advice canbe enhanced by simu旭ation tests of management p旭ans to eva旭uatetrade､offs and robustness to uncertaintyp and it is important to in､vo旭vestakeho旭dersinthisprocesssInAustra旭iapforma旭methodsofthemanagement strategy eva旭uation have been used to assess impactsofa旭ternativesetsofmeasuresaimed tomeetavarietyofmanage､ment goa旭s ｪFu旭ton eta旭sp ゴグゲジｫs Invo旭ving stakeho旭ders direct旭y inmanagementand｠oradviceisimportantbecauseitcreatesincentivesfor invo旭vement in advance anddrives theneed for adequateman､agement strategyeva旭uation too旭s toaddresscomp旭exquestions in､vo旭vingmanystakeho旭dersandbotheco旭ogica旭andeconomicaspects
of management and advices Thusp it is important that governancestructures are inp旭ace forestab旭ishingprocesses thatenab旭e stake､ho旭ders toparticipate inmanagement strategyeva旭uations ｪseep esgsFu旭toneta旭spゴグゲゲpゴグゲジｫs
Thepreeminentmanagementobjectivesmandatedby 旭egis旭ationcanbeimportant indeterminingwhetherandhowIEEFMsareusedtoprovidemanagementadvicepparticu旭ar旭yfortactica旭 managementdecisions such as setTACs eachyearn For examp旭epwhi旭emanage､ment of fisheries in Austra旭ia is supported through the app旭icationof bio､economic mode旭sp these p旭ay virtua旭旭y no ro旭e in fisheriesmanagement inNewZea旭and ｪPascoeeta旭spゴグゲ葦ｫsThisdiscrepancyis adirect resu旭tof thedifferingemphasisonhoweconomicobjec､tivesareachievedpwithAustra旭iatargetingmaximumeconomicyie旭dｪMEYｫpwhi旭eNewZea旭andtargetsmaximumsustainab旭eyie旭d ｪMSYｫｪPascoeeta旭spゴグゲ葦ｫsSimi旭artoNewZea旭andpfisheriesmanagementinEuropeandUSAtendstobedrivenprimari旭ybybio旭ogica旭targetsandreference points re旭ated toMSYs Economic and socia旭 factors entermost旭yina旭旭ocationdecisionsanddesigningmanagementapproachestoachievedesiredcatch旭eve旭ssIncontrastpwhenMEYistheobjectivepitbecomesnecessaryto integratehumanbehaviourpeconomicsandperhapssocia旭 factors into integratedmode旭s thatcan identifywhatMEYisandhowitcanbeachieveds
When integrating mode旭s into comanagement structures andprocessesp mode旭 f旭exibi旭ityp transparencyp portabi旭ityp bui旭d､up timepexpert know旭edge of the system tomode旭 and themode旭 interfaceavai旭ab旭ecanbecritica旭determinantsofsuccesss Itseemsnecessarytoconcentratemoreonmakingmode旭sf旭exib旭epmoreunderstandab旭etostakeho旭derspportab旭eandmoreuserfriend旭ytoincreasethe旭eve旭ofimp旭ementationandusebystakeho旭dersingenera旭sHerepitshou旭dbenotedthatf旭exibi旭itytobeimp旭ementedindifferentcasesdoesnotnecessari旭ycomewithgreatercomp旭exitys
Invo旭vementofstakeho旭dersandestab旭ishingsuitab旭eadvisoryandmanagementstructurestoenhanceimp旭ementationofIEEFMsmaybeparticu旭ar旭ycha旭旭engingintheEUwhichconsistsofavarietyofmem､bercountriesboundtogetherwithsevera旭supra､nationa旭institutionsｪMarcha旭 eta旭sp ゴグゲ葦ｫs The scientific management advice in the EUandIce旭andforconservationanduti旭izationoftheresourcesismain旭yconductedbyscientistsusing IEEFMs forprovidingadvicea旭thoughthereareinforma旭consu旭tationsindecision､makingsIncontrastptherearemandatory and forma旭ized consu旭tationswith stakeho旭ders bothinscientificadviceandindecision､makinginAustra旭iapUSAandNewZea旭anda旭旭owingIEEFMstobeusedinaninteractiveandintegrativewayforprovidingcommon旭yagreedadviceformanagementsｪMarcha旭eta旭spゴグゲ葦ｫsInUSAptherehavebeensomeprob旭emswithinsufficienttrust in themanagement institutionsorprocessesor a 旭ackof trustbetween different stakeho旭dersq in this casep integratedmode旭swi旭旭notevo旭veandnotbeuseds Ittakesa 旭ongtimetobui旭duptrust inthemanagementstructuresandbetweentheusergroupsinordertocooperateon IEEFMapproachess In a reviewon imp旭ementationofecosystemmode旭spHydereta旭sp ｪゴグゲズｫconc旭udethat it isnecessarytoestab旭ishastronger旭inktosocia旭andeconomicsystemstoincreasethe range of po旭icy､re旭ated questions that themode旭s can addresspand it is a旭so important to improve communication between po旭icy
科架 科 | 科ゴゲNIELSEN ET AL.
andmode旭旭ingcommunitiessothereisasharedunderstandingofthestrengthsand旭imitationsintheuseofecosystemmode旭ss
TheEUandmemberstateshaveinvestedconsiderab旭eresourcestodeve旭opvariousmu旭tispeciesandecosystemmode旭sfordifferentma､rineecosystemsandregiona旭seasandpinpara旭旭e旭ptoconductfie旭dpro､gramsadvancingprocessknow旭edgeonbio旭ogica旭andtrophodynamicinteractionsandtheresponseoffoodwebstoanthropogenicchangesinenvironmenta旭conditionssStrongevidencehasaccumu旭atedacrossa旭旭 EUwaters for the importanceof accounting for thedynamicsofspecies interactionswhenattempting tounderstandandpredict theresponseoffisheriesresourcestoecosystemchangesAsaresu旭tpmu旭､tispeciesandecosystemmode旭sexistfora旭旭regionssForeveryproposa旭ofanewEUfisheriesregu旭ationptheEuropeanCommissionisrequiredtoprovideanassessmentofeco旭ogica旭peconomicandsocia旭impactsoftheregu旭ationsOverthe旭astdecadepsevera旭impactassessmentshavebeenundertakenapp旭yingtheavai旭ab旭ebio､economicmode旭ssInpar､ticu旭arpinEUresearchprojectspthemode旭sforthishavebeenfurtherdeve旭opedandimp旭ementedtobeab旭etoprovidethenecessarytoo旭sfortheassessmentsｪseeSupp旭ementaryMateria旭Sジfordetai旭sofim､p旭ementationofvariousIEEFMsthrougharowofextensiveprojectsｫs
ICEShasinits旭atestStrategicP旭anｪwwwsicessdkqグズAprゴグゲゼｫex､p旭icit旭yrequestedintegratedfisheriesmanagementadviceanddefinedadvisoryneedsforIEEFMssItseemsthatadequatemethodsandre､旭evantadvancedIEEFMsarea旭readydeve旭opedandinp旭acetomeetthese advisory demands according to the management types usedin ICES contextsA旭sop re旭evantmode旭 deve旭oper expertise exists onnationa旭basiswithin the ICESmember countriesbesides theg旭oba旭experiencesandmethodsformode旭eva旭uationout旭inedinthispaperwhichcanbedirect旭yusedinICEScontextsGiventhemode旭eva旭ua､tionmethodsdeve旭opedand theexperiencesout旭inedabove itwi旭旭phoweverpbenecessarytoforma旭旭yestab旭ishintegratedICESworkinggroupswhereeconomistspbio旭ogistsandsocio旭ogistscan interacts Itwi旭旭a旭sobeimportanttoa旭旭owforandpromoteinvo旭vementofstake､ho旭dersinusingIEEFMsformanagementadvices
ジsジ科 |科CONCLUSIONS
Managersofmarineresourcesmustba旭ancediverseandoftencom､peting interestsandmustmakedecisionsabouthigh旭ycomp旭exsys､temswith 旭imited and imprecise know旭edges IEEFMs are p旭aying anincreasing旭y important ro旭e in supporting this cha旭旭enging tasksTheycanprovidemanagerswithabetterandmoreexp旭icitunderstandingofhownatura旭andhumanprocessesinteracttoinf旭uenceoutcomessIEEFMscanprovideameanstoquantifythetrade､offsbetweendif､ferentmanagementobjectivesandhowbenefitsandcostsfordiffer､entgroupsofstakeho旭dersareaffectedbymanagementdecisionssIfmode旭resu旭tscanbeeffective旭yconveyedtostakeho旭dersporprefer､ab旭yifstakeho旭dercanbeinvo旭vedindeve旭opmentanduseofIEEFMspthiscangenerategreateracceptanceofmanagementactionsandfa､ci旭itatemoreeffectiveimp旭ementations
IEEFMsrepresentcomp旭exsystemspandmode旭旭ersfacetrade､offswhen attempting to 旭imit comp旭exity tomakemode旭smore tractab旭e
andeasierformanagersandstakeho旭derstousesOurreviewsuggeststhatmode旭旭ersaresometimesreticenttomakethesetrade､offssManyof themode旭s reviewed are extreme旭y comp旭ex and are designed toprovideboth short､term tactica旭 and 旭ong､term strategic adviceon arangeofmanagementdecisionssManyattempttomode旭mu旭tip旭espe､ciesp sometimeswith both technica旭 and eco旭ogica旭 interactionssThiscomp旭exitymayoftenbejustifiedpbutitp旭acesmuchgreaterdemandson the mode旭旭ers and the managers to use the mode旭s effective旭ysMode旭旭ersneed tobewi旭旭ing to invest time intomakingmode旭suserfriend旭yorbepreparedtoparticipatedirect旭ypandprobab旭yrepeated旭ypinmanagementforawheremode旭sandmode旭resu旭tscanbeexp旭ainedanddiscussedsThisinvo旭vementcanbebeneficia旭toa旭旭partiesp旭eadingbothtoimprovementofmode旭sandmoreeffectiveimp旭ementationofadvicepbutcandemandsubstantia旭timeandresourceswhichmustbebui旭t into the governance processs Itmay a旭so take time to deve旭opeffective processes for using IEEFMs requiring a 旭ong､term commit､menttointegratingmu旭tidiscip旭inarymode旭旭ingadviceintomanagementdecision､makingsGiventhemismatchbetweenthetimerequiredforamode旭 tobecomemature ｪ葦ormoreyearsｫandthefundingdurationtypica旭旭yavai旭ab旭eｪザ･ジyearsｫpthereisaneedfornewfundingschemesthat support deve旭opment of mode旭swith good documentation anduser､friend旭yp open､source p旭atforms that enab旭e rep旭icabi旭ity andcontinuingdeve旭opmentandadaptationofthemode旭ss
This artic旭e is a step towards deve旭oping methods and specifictoo旭stoeva旭uatemode旭characteristicsandapp旭yingacategorizationsystemforthesecomp旭exmode旭ssFuturestudiesshou旭dstandardizeanddetai旭 those too旭smorep for examp旭e by quantifying anddetai旭､ingfurthertherangesofthedifferentcategorizationsinthec旭assespforexamp旭e 旭eve旭of imp旭ementationandthe timeranges forshort､pmedium､or旭ong､termmanagementadvicesTheeva旭uationpdiscussionandfeedbackonthemeta､ana旭ysisconductedintheworkinggrouppworkshopandconferencemeetings in ICESand IIFETcontexthave旭edtoamorestandardizedwayformode旭deve旭operstoconductse旭f､assessmentsoftheirmode旭ss
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thisworkhasbeenconductedpart旭yundertheICESWorkingGroupforIntegratedManagementMode旭旭ingｪICESWGIMMｫs
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