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INTEGRAL:

Integrated ICT Platform for

Distributed Control in Electricity Grids

Hans Akkermans, EnS

Koen Kok, ECN

Luc Hamilton, EnS

Gerard Peppink, ECN

Hans Akkermans 1EU Project Exchange Workshop, Brussels 23 June 2009

Hans Akkermans EU Project Exchange Workshop, Brussels 23 June 2009 2

The INTEGRAL Project

• Duration: 3 years, started Dec. 2007

• Budget: 5.3 M€

• Effort: 425 personmonths

• Partners:

http://www.ntua.gr/

http://www.inpg.fr/

http://www.bth.se/

http://www.getgasunie.nl/

http://www.wattpic.com/

http://www.enersearch.com/

http://www.inpg.fr/

http://www.ict.nl/


INTEGRAL Objectives

To achieve an integrated ICT-platform based distributed control of decentralized energy resources (DER)

• The project aims to build and demonstrate an industry-quality reference solution for DER aggregation-level control and coordination, based on commonly available ICT components, standards and platforms.

• Demonstrate its practical validity via 3 field demonstrations:

– Normal operating conditions (showing imbalance reduction potential)

– Critical operating conditions (showing grid stability)

– Emergency operating conditions (showing self-healing capabilities)


Integrated ICT-platform based

Distributed Control (IIDC)


How to Integrate DER?

Success of DER integration depends on:

1. Aggregation

• Dynamic real-time context

• Cells, micro-grids, virtual power plants

2. Integration of these DER aggregations into

– Local distribution grid operations

– Higher-level grid operations

– Power trading

3. Availability of

• Practical aggregation mechanisms

• Low-cost and industry-quality, standard solutions


Active Distribution Networks

Operational Stages:

• Normal operation

– Trading optimization (Supplier)

– Grid operation optimization (DSO)

– Prosumer local optimization (End customer)

• Critical operation

– Maintain local stability

– Support stability higher-level grid

• Emergency

– Self-healing reaction to local faults

– Micro-grid islanding mode

EU Project Exchange Workshop, Brussels 23 June 2009

INTEGRAL Project Structure

Hans Akkermans 7

The INTEGRAL project:

Internet-like Mechanisms

for Distributed Power Control

Industry-Quality



Integrated ICT-platform based

Distributed Control (IIDC)

• Industry-Quality

• Commonly available ICT components and standards

• Service-oriented Information Architecture


ICT Systems for DER

Clustering & Aggregration

Requirements:

• Scalability:– Large number of DER components

– Spread over a large area

– Centralized control reaches complexity limits

• Openness:– DER units can connect and disconnect at will

– All (future) DER types must be able to connect

• Multi-actor interaction:– Balancing of stakes: Locally and globally

– Coordination exceeding ownership boundaries

– Decide locally on local issues.

• Align with Liberalized Energy Markets

Multi-Agent

Systems

(MAS)

Electronic

Markets

Distributed

Control &

Intelligence


Integrating Cutting-Edge EU R&D

• PowerMatcher distributed control (Crisp, Fenix)

• Micro-Grid control (Microgrids, More Microgrids)

• Self-healing grids (Crisp)

Active Distribution Networks:

ICT is Key to Integration


Distributed

GENERATION

•Internal combustion engines

(gas, diesel turbines)

•Wind turbines

Distributed

LOAD

•Heat pumps

•Solar architecture

•Motor controls

•Efficient lighting

•Load shifting

•Absorption cooling

•Photovoltaic

•Fuel cells

•Biomass cogeneration

•Mini-hydraulic

Distribution

GRID

Intelligent

Control

SCADA/DMS

Demand Side

Integration

Intelligent

Operation

ICT C

oordination

ICT C

oord

inat

ion

ICT Coordination

•Normal operation

•Critical operation

•Emergency operation

Distributed

GENERATION

•Internal combustion engines

(gas, diesel turbines)

•Wind turbines

Distributed

LOAD

•Heat pumps

•Solar architecture

•Motor controls

•Efficient lighting

•Load shifting

•Absorption cooling

•Photovoltaic

•Fuel cells

•Biomass cogeneration

•Mini-hydraulic

Distribution

GRID

Intelligent

Control

SCADA/DMS

Demand Side

Integration

Intelligent

Operation

ICT C

oordination

ICT C

oord

inat

ion

ICT Coordination

•Normal operation

•Critical operation

•Emergency operation

Smart ICT environment solutions

Energy Market Technical automations

Three main

distributed resources:

• distributed generators

• distribution grid

• consumers having

controllable load and

source.

Integration instead of

Connection

IIDC

Common Control Concept ...


Market Power Control ProtectionA

AA

AA A AA A

A

AA

A

AA

A

AA

AAA

A

AA

A

•Adopting theory of

economics

•Agents competing with

one another

•System should handle local

processes as well global

•Agents cooperating in order

to achieve goal

•Solution should be fast

•Sub-optimal solution

allowed

•Agents cooperating to

prepare grid parts to be

switched off


... Validated via a Set of Cross-

Cutting Use Cases: the Demos

(Response time)


Field demonstrations

Practical Validity



Field test A: Normal Operation &

Commercial Balancing

• NL: 100 DER/RES devices in 60 family houses, run as VPP

PowerMatching

City

Smart HomesDemo A Design


EU Project Exchange Workshop, Brussels 23 June 2009

PowerMatcher Architecture

Auctioneer

Residential

Aggregator ECN AggregatorGasunie

Aggregator

Distribution

System Operator

ECN/D-dwelling GasUnie/Renqi lab

ECN/

Kreileroord

Windpark

Power

Flow

Commercial

Aggregator

30-60 households

D Dwelling

Plug-in Hybrid Car

Electric Storage

Wind Mill Park

Hans Akkermans 18

Demo Location

mCHP unit

Heat Pump – Cond. Boiler

Fuel Cell

PV-Solar Panels

Hotfill Wash. Machine

Smart Cont. Wash. Machine

30 Households (PowerMatching City)

15 mCHP units

15 Heat Pump – Condensing Boilers

30 PV-Solar Panels (Virtualy Connected)

10 Hotfill Washing Machines

10 Smart Controllabe Washing Machines

Real-time price-based

energy balancing

related applications (NL)


• Imbalance market price

• APX and energy volume

Use Cases

Use Cases

Cost Effective Use of Energy

Prosumer

• Maximize Economic Benefits of

DER/RES asset investments

Monitor Own Household

Prosumer

The Prosumer is interested in performance of

his household and the revenues of his RES/

DER assets.

Business Cases Operational Cases

Monitor and Control System

Operator

The Operator needs to monitor the System and

look for anomalies. If anomalies occur, the Ope-

rator needs to take action in order to correct

them or have them corrected.

Imbalance Reduction (VPP)

Commercial Aggregator

• Reduce Own Imbalance

• Provide Control and Spare PowerPrice Equilibrium

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10

Price

Po

we

r

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00

Voorspelling

Realisatie

Regelvermogen


Valorization of Renewable Energy

Asset Owner

• Maximize revenues RES

• Maximize adaptation of RES by

electricity system

Reduce Peak Loads

Distribution System Operator

• Congestion Management

• Reduce Network Capacity Invest-

mentsCollect and Analyze Data

Operator / Researcher

During the experiment logging and measure-

ment data needs to be collected for on-line or

off-line analysis.

Situation in the Lab (May 2009)


EU Project Exchange Workshop, Brussels 23 June 2009 22

Field Test B: Grid Stability under

Critical Conditions

Hans Akkermans

• ES/GR: extended microgrid with variety of DER devices


Physical Configuration of Demo B

SimulationMV grid

220VAC, f

MV

Internet

Internet

Fisical connection

Hans Akkermans


Multi-Agent System


Field test C: Emergency Conditions &

Self-Healing Capabilities

• F: Grenoble DER, Urban/industrial, Rural grid cells, + PREDIS analysis & control facility for DER

Reduced ratio:

power: 30kVA/30MVA

Voltage: 400V/20kV


Induction machine and load

Synchronous generators

DC motor and Wind

turbine

RD-Predis Grid for Demo C

Lines and automations

Hans Akkermans


Grid Schema for Demo C

Hans Akkermans


Intelligent Agent Architecture

for Demo C

PCCN1

PCCN3

PCCN2

HMI

Local Agent

HMI

Local Agent

DSO

Fieldbus

Ethernet

Sensor (U,I,P,Q), switch

Communicant RTU (Remote control FPI, switch)

PCCN: protection and numeric control-command

Hans Akkermans


Agent 2

Controller

Node1 Node2 Node 3

Agent 1

RD-PREDIS

Serveur OPCServeur OPC

Tores

RecorderIndicator

10 FLAIR 200C 3 enregistreurs

Sensor LEM + Voltage adaptation

Switch (11 ports) Switch (6 ports)

x 10 x 3

x 10

x 39

ICT Systems for Demo C

Communication system

Hans Akkermans


Lessons Learned and Practical Guidelines

Under Construction!

Watch: www.integral-eu.com


http://www.integral-eu.com/



Definition of test and evaluation

of the INTEGRAL System

• Scope of this work is to provide an overall system

evaluation according to formal methodology

• The methodology is based on the standard ISO

9126 and its extended ISO model

EU Project Exchange Workshop, Brussels 23 June 2009Hans Akkermans 31

INTEGRAL Dissemination

• Integral website www.integral-eu.com. All public deliverables are accessible to external public

• Various presentations and publications held and more planned (list included in D10.1)

• Workshops to be organised around each of the test sites in NL, ES, F with external parties

• Preparing to organize a combined workshop with other related EU-projects, e.g.– ADINE

– ADDRESS

– VSYNC

– SmartHouse/SmartGrid

• Exchange ongoing with GridAgents (USA)

• Draft exploitation plans in preparation






INTEGRAL Project Status

Project is half-way:

• Mid-Term Assessment successfully passed – Brussels, 28 May 2009

• Now available:– High Level Specifications of IIDC and field tests

• Mid 2009– Field test roll-out start

• First half 2010:– Evaluation of the Results & Lessons learned

• End 2010: Practical Guidelines:– Reference ICT architecture

– Reference Information Model


Conclusions

• A common ICT Framework for active distribution

is needed

• INTEGRAL is going to fulfill this need

• And this will bring us much closer to the required

Internet-like electricity grid and networks

www.integral-eu.com


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