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Greentree Group Publishers
Received 16/02/19 Accepted 09/11/19 Published 10/11/19
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Int J Ayu Pharm Chem REVIEW ARTICLE www.ijapc.com
e-ISSN 2350-0204
ABSTRACT
Kapha-Kethu-Rasa is an important Herbo-mineral formulation which is predominantly used
for the treatment of kasa, swasa and prathishyaya. Many references are available in classics
regarding the preparation of Kapha-Kethu-Rasa. Researchers and practitioners have difficulty
using this drug, for a longer duration as it contains Vathsanabha. Different references show
quantity variation of vathsanabha, so it is quite essential to know the variation in analytical
values of Kapha-Kethu-Rasa prepared with two different methods.
KEYWORDS
Kapha-Kethu-Rasa, Herbo-mineral formulation
A Comparative Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kapha-
Kethu-Rasa Prepared by Two Different Methods
Thejus Antony1*, Sebastian Philip2 and Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P3
1-3Dept. Of RSBK SDMCA, Udupi, Karnataka, India
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INTRODUCTION
Rasa shastra is one of the 8 branches of
Ayurveda, which came in to existence
around 8 century AD. The use of mineral
and metallic preparations has been
described in detail for the cure of various
diseases in this shastra. Kapha-Kethu-Rasa
(KKR) is one such beautiful combination of
mineral and herbal drugs, which is
predominantly used for the treatment of
Kasa, Swasa and Prathishyaya. Main
ingredients of Kapha Ketu Rasa are
Tankana, Shankha, Pippali, Vathsanabha1
etc. but may vary according to different
references. Shodhana of vathsanabha, a
major part of this kalpa is described in Rasa
Tarangini (R.T), and has been used for the
preparations of the kalpas, Kapha Ketu
Rasa method 1(KKR1) and Kapha Ketu
Rasa method 2 (KKR2), as per the
references from Bhaishajya Rathnavali
(B.R), wherein the quantity of Vathsanabha
differs. For fruitful results of this Herbo-
mineral formulation, the ratio of
vathsanabha is a key factor. For the above
said purpose an analytical study to compare
the quality of Kapha Ketu Rasa prepared by
different methods was very essential.
Keeping in mind the various methods of
preparation and its Vathsanabha
concentration this study was planned. This
study concentrated on the analytical factors
of Kapha-Kethu-Rasa which was prepared
by two different quantities of vathsanabha.
The analytical factors of the drug prepared
in two methods have been compared.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
For the preparation of KKR1 and KKR2 in
different ratios of vathsanabha, Shodhita
Vathsanabha was used. Other drugs needed
for the formulation were acquired from
SDM Pharmacy, Udupi.
KKR1 reference was taken from B.R.2
(RASEDNDRA CHINTHAMANI
MADYAMAKHANTA)
टङकण मागधी शङ्ख वत्सनाभ समं समं ।
आर्द्रक स्वरस नाथ दापयते ्भुवनत्रयम् ॥८४२॥
गुञ्जामानं प्रदातव्यमाईकस्वरसयुैरतम्।
पीन ेश्वास स ेच शशरोरोग गलग्रह।
कफरोगाशननहनत्याशु कफकेतरुयं रसः
KKR2 reference was taken from B.R.
(RASA RAJA SUDHAKAR)
दग्धशङ्ख शत्रकटुकं टङ्गणं समभाशगकम् ।
शवषञ्च पञ्चशभस्तलु्यौर्द्तोयने मदरयते ्॥८४४॥
वारत्रयं रशिकाभां वटी कुयारशिचक्षणः।
प्रातः सायञ्च वशटकाियमार्द्रकवाररणा ॥८४५॥
कफकेतःु कण्ठरोगं शशरोरोगञ्च नाशयते ्।
पीनसं कफसङ्घातं सशननपात ंसुदारुणम् ॥८४६॥
METHOD OF PREPARATION
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Kapha Ketu rasa was prepared after
purification and processing of the raw drugs
in practical lab of department of Rasa-
shastra, S.D.M.C.A, Udupi. Shodhana of
Vathsanabha was done by soaking the
vathsanabha in Gomutra over a period of
three days.
Preparation of Kapha Ketu rasa 1
Reference: B.R.
Ingredient and quantity:
Shuddha Vatsanabha churna:1part
Tankan bhasma: 1part
Shankha bhasma: 1part
Pippali churna: 1part
Ardraka swarasa: quantity sufficient
Step1: Shuddha Vatsanabha churna,
Shankha bhasma, Tankana bhasma and
Pippali choorna were mixed properly with
the use of Khalva Yantra and were added to
the edge runner grinder and to this ardraka
swarasa was added till all the ingredients
got soaked.
Step2: Then it was triturated till the mixture
became completely dried. This was
considered as one bhavana.
Step3: This process was repeated 3 times.
Then vati preparation was done. In the size
of one gunja pramana or 125 mg and was
kept for shade drying.
Preparation of Kapha Ketu rasa 2
Reference': B.R.
Ingredient and quantity:
Shuddha Vatsanabha churna: 5 parts
Tankan bhasma: 1part
Shankha bhasma: 1part
Pippali churna: 1part
Shunthi churna: 1part
Maricha churna: 1part
Ardraka swarasa: Quantity sufficient
Procedure:
Equipments: Edge runner grinder, Spoon,
Weighing machine, measuring jar.
Drugs: shodhitha vathsanabha churna,
Shankha bhasma, shodhitha tankana
churna, Pippali churna, shunthi churna and
maricha churna
Step 1: The above said drugs were mixed
properly using Khalva Yantra and were
added to the edge runner grinder. Ardraka
swarasa was added till it soaked the
mixture.
Step2: It was then triturated till the ardraka
swarasa got absorbed completely. This was
considered as one bhavana. This process
was repeated thrice.
Step 3: Then vati preparation was done in
the size of one gunja pramana or 125 mg
and was kept for shade drying.
ANALYTICAL STUDY
The organoleptical characters and
physicochemical natures of two samples
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were studied through some laboratory
parameters. The following was the
explanation of the various characters
studied.
Organoleptical characters
KKR1
Colour: Brown
Odour: Characteristic odour of Shodhita
Vathsanabha
Taste: Pungent
Appearance: Circular.
KKR2
Colour: Dark Brown
Odour: Characteristic odour of Shodhita
Vathsanabha (stronger in nature)
Taste: Pungent
Appearance: Circular
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
1. Loss on drying at 1050C3:
Samples of Ten grams each was weighed
and placed in tarred evaporating dish. It was
dried at 1050C for 5 hrs in hot air oven and
weighed. Later (drying the) the difference
between two successive weights were not
more than 0.01. Thus, calculation of the
moisture content with reference to weight
of the sample was done.
2. Total ash4:
The ground drug was weighed accurately
and about 2gm to 3gm was incinerated in a
tared platinum or silica dish at a
temperature not exceeding more than
450°C / until it was free from carbon.
Another method for collection of carbon
free ash if not obtained in the classical
method was to exhaust the charred mass
with hot water and then the residue was
collected on an ash less filter paper, then the
residue and filter paper was incinerated. the
filtrate was added and evaporated to
dryness. Then was ignited at a temperature
not exceeding 450°C.
The prior method was practiced in this
particular experiment. Then it was allowed
to cool and was then weighed. Then
Calculated the percentage of ash with
reference to the air-dried drug.
3. Acid insoluble ash5:
The ash obtained in acid insoluble ash was
boiled for 5 minutes with 25 ml of dilute
hydrochloric acid and the insoluble matter
was collected on an ash less filter paper. It
was later washed with hot water and was
ignited to constant weight. The percentage
of acid-insoluble ash with reference to the
air-dried drug was then finally calculated.
4. 4.Water soluble ash6:
Boiling of the ash or 5 minutes with 25 ml
of water; and later collected the insoluble
matter in a Gooch crucible/ on an ash less
filter paper. Then washed with hot water,
and ignited for 15 minutes at a temperature
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not exceeding 450°C. The weight of the
insoluble matter was subtracted from the
weight of the ash. The difference in weight
represented the water-soluble ash.
Calculation of the percentage of water-
soluble ash with reference to the air-dried
drug was estimated.
5. Determination of pH level7:
The measurement of pH was generally done
with a suitable potentiometric meter known
as the pH meter fitted with two electrodes,
one was constructed of glass and sensitive
to hydrogenation activity and the other was
a calomel reference electrode. The
determination was carried out at
temperature of 254°C +/- 2°C. Here the
Standard buffer solution was taken to be pH
4 and the pH meter was calibrated
accordingly. Later one tablet each of KKR1
and KKR2 was dissolved separately in
100ml distilled water.
Determination of pH: 10 µl of each sample
was pipped and the determination was
carried out at temperature of 254°C.
PHARMACEUTICAL PARAMETERS8
6. Uniformity of weight:
20 tablets were selected randomly and
weighed from both the groups. The average
weight was calculated. The individual
weights of the tablets were taken. Not more
than two of the individual weights deviated
from the average weight by more than the
percentage shown in the following Table no
1. and none of them deviated by more than
twice their permissible percentage.
Table 1 Comparison between the average weight of
the tablet and their percentage deviation. Average weight of tablet Percentage
deviation
120 mg or less +/-10
More than 120mg but less
than 250 mg
+/-7.5
300 or more +/-5
7. Hardness test:
From each group, 5 tablets were selected
randomly and tested for hardness. The
lower plunger was placed in contact with
the tablet whereas the upper plunger played
a role of against force by turning a threaded
bolt until the tablet fractured. The force of
fracture was then recorded.
8. Disintegration time: The tank of the
disintegration apparatus was filled with
distilled water up to the mark. 750 ml of
distilled water in each of the 1000 ml beaker
was taken. The timer of the instrument was
set for 60 minutes. The temperature of
water in beakers was set to 37°C and that of
water in the main tank was set to 37.5°C.
One tablet was introduced into each tube
and, added a disk to each tube. The
assembly was suspended in the beaker
containing water and the apparatus was
operated. The time duration at which the
tablet disintegrated was noted.
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9. Friability test: A total of 10 tablets are
weighed together and then placed in the
chamber of Roche friabilator. The
friabilator was operated at 100 revolutions
and the tablets are subjected to the
combined effects of abrasion and shock
because the plastic chamber carrying the
tablets droped them at a distance of six
inches with every revolution. The tablets
are then dusted and reweighed. The loss in
weight should not exceed 1.0% of their
original weight.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
10. HPTLC:
A tablet of Kapha-Kethu-Rasa I and Kapha-
Kethu-Rasa II was powdered and 1gm from
each was taken. Then the powdered drug
was mixed with 10 ml of alcohol. From that
6µl of extract was applied on a pre- coated
silica gel F254 on aluminium plates to a
band width of 8 mm using linom at 5 TLC
applicator. Then the plate was developed in
toluene: EA: FA (4:1.5:0.5). The developed
plates were visualised in UV 254, 366 and
after derivatisation with vanillin-sulphuric
acid, it was scanned under UV 254 and
366nm. Rf, colour of the spots and
densitometric scan was recorded.
RESULT
As depicted in the table no 2, Analytical
study was done to get the standard
parameters for obtaining a quality drug.
Two samples of Kapha-Kethu-Rasa
prepared in the form of vati were analysed.
The pH level of KKR I and KKR II was
observed as 8.94 and 8.4, respectively. This
indicated that both samples were alkaline in
nature. Here KKR I was more alkaline than
KKR II because of presence of more
quantity of Tankana and Shankha Bhasma.
Total Ash Value of KKR I was 30.15 and
KKR II was 19.825, depicting the presence
of more inorganic substance in KKR I. Acid
soluble ash value of KKR I and KKR II was
observed as 0.321% and 0.873%
respectively. Water soluble ash value of
KKR I was 10.26% and KKR II was
8.615% respectively. Moisture content of
KKR I and KKR II was 15.179% and
10.14% respectively. This indicated that
KKR II was more stable than KKR I.
Table 2 Comparison between the parametric reading
of both groups.
Parameters KKR I KKR II
Loss on drying 15.179 10.34
Total ash 30.15 19.825
Acid insoluble
ash
0.321 0.873
Water soluble ash 10.26 8.615
Uniformity of the
weight
Complies
with the
limit
Complies
with the
limit
Hardness test
(kg/cm)
2.333 4
Disintegration 36 min 35 min
Friability LT 1% LT 1%
PH 8.94 8.4
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LT- less than result=3(% w/w)
PHARMACEUTICAL PARAMETERS
Uniformity of the weight
Weight variation in the size of the vati in
both KKR I and KKR II were within the
normal limits. This showed that the size of
the vati was uniform.
Hardness
Both KKR I and KKR II were subjected to
hardness test and the value was observed as
2.333kg/cm, and 4kg/cm respectively.
Hardness was more in KKR II; this would
have been due to the less moisture present
in KKR II compared to KKR I.
Friability
The weight of the tablets weighed before
and after revolution showed the weight loss
than 1% in KKR I and KKR II which was
within the permissible limits. This showed
the stability of the samples to withstand the
mechanical aberrations.
Disintegration test
The vati of KKR I and KKR II disintegrated
in 36 min. and 35 min. respectively. The
rate of disintegration was a bit more in KKR
II compared to KKR I, which was
indicative of quick absorption of the drug.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Fig.1 shows the developed silica plate of
HPTLC for KKR I and KKR II. As seen in
Fig.2 and Fig.3 almost all the peaks were
common for KKR I and KKR II as seen at
254nm. The additional peak as seen in Fig.4
and Fig.5, in KKR II at 366nm was
suggestive of the additional ingredients.
The additional peaks in KKR I at 254nm
was because of more percentage of drugs
present in the formulation. The peak which
had same Rf 0.02 showed almost double
percentage of area in KKR II which
suggested as indication of vathsanabha
which was double in KKR II when
compared to KKR I.
Figure 1 Developed silica plate
Figure 2 KKR 1 at 254 nm
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Figure 3 KKR2 at 254 nm
Figure 4 KKR1 at 366 nm
Figure 5 KKR2 at 366 nm
CONCLUSION
Both the samples were alkaline in nature
but had an easy disintegration indicating the
faster absorption into the body. The overall
result seen was more in KKR I sample than
in KKR II. Further studies may be taken up
to clinically prove the efficacy of the drug
through the various methods of preparation
and also the preclinical studies about the
toxicity and the dosage may be carried out
to further refine the findings from this
study.
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