insy 3020_06 fire safety ii.ppt
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Fire Safety II
INSY 3020/7970/7976/ENH 670Occupational Safety & Ergonomic
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Outline Introduction to Fire Safety
Exit Routes
Fire Protection Emergency Action Plan
Fire Prevention Plan
OSHA Subpart E OSHA Subpart
Evacuation !odeling
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2# $FR %#%& OSHA'eneral IndustryRegulations (nited States $ode )(S$*
$ongress
(S Statutes at arge
Federal agencies Regulations and Standards
$ode of Federal Regulations )$FR* Indexed by alp+anumeric code
,& topics or titles Ex- 2# $FR.OSHA 'eneral Industry
Regulations
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2# $FR.OSHA 'eneral IndustryRegulations 0itle 2# of t+e $FR
Part %#%&- general industry Eac+ part is divided into subparts )21* and
sections Paragrap+s subparagrap+s3 etc4
2# $FR %#%&4"/)c*)2*
2# $FR %#%& OSHA'eneral IndustryRegulations
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OSHA 0idbits S!all means mut and is
mandatory4 S!oul" means recommen"e"4
#inimal Stan"ar"
0+e standards do not pro+ibit abetter type of construction3 moreexits3 etc4
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%#%& Subpart E Part 5umber-%#%&
Part 0itle- Occupational Safety andHealt+ Standards
Subpart- E
Subpart 0itle- Exit Routes3Emergency Action Plans3 and FirePrevention Plans
Standard 5umber-%#%& Subpart E
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%#%& Subpart E %#%&4"/ $overage and de7nitions %#%&4", $ompliance 8it+ 5FPA %&%.
2&&&3 ife Safety $ode %#%&4"1 9esign and construction
re:uirements for exit routes %#%&4"6 !aintenance3 safeguards3 and
operational features for exit routes %#%&4"; Emergency action plans %#%&4"# Fire prevention plans
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%#%&4"/ $overage and
de7nitions $overage
Every employer is covered
Exits routes are covered Some 9e7nitions
Exit Exit access Exit discharge Exit route Occupant load Refuge area
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Refuge Area A space along an exit route t+at is
protected from t+e eoor 8it+ at least t8o spaces3 separatedfrom eac+ ot+er by smo?e.resistant
partitions3 in a building protectedt+roug+out by an automatic sprin?lersystem t+at complies 8it+ %#%&4%,# of t+ispart
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%#%&4", $ompliance 8it+5FPA %&%.2&&&3 ife Safety
$ode An employer 8+o demonstrates
compliance 8it+ t+e exit route
provisions of 5FPA %&%.2&&&3 t+eife Safety $ode3 8ill be deemed tobe in compliance 8it+ t+e
corresponding re:uirements in%#%&4"/3 %#%&4"13 and %#%&4"6
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ife Safety $ode@ Handboo?
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%#%&4"1 9esign andconstruction re:uirements for
exit routes asic re:uirements for Exit routes
An exit route must be permanent
An exit must be separated by 7re resistantmaterials
Openings into an exit must be limited
0+e number of exit routes must be
ade:uate A single exit route
08o exit routes
!ore t+an t8o exit routes
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%#%&4"1 9esign andconstruction re:uirements for
exit routes An exit route must meet
minimum +eig+t and 8idt+re:uirements 0+e ceiling of an exit route must
be at least 6B1C )24" m* +ig+4 Any proDection from t+e ceiling
must not reac+ a point less t+an1B;C )24& m* from t+e >oor
An exit access must be at least2;C )6%4% cm* 8ide at all points 0+e 8idt+ of an exit route must
be sucient to accommodatet+e maximum permittedoccupant load of eac+ >oor
served by t+e exit route
6’8”
7”6”
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%#%&4"6 !aintenance3safeguards3 and operational
features for exit routes 0+e danger to employees must be minimied
ig+ting and mar?ing must be ade:uate and
appropriate 0+e 7re retardant properties of paints or
solutions must be maintained
Exit routes must be maintained during
construction3 repairs3 or alterations An employee alarm system must be operable
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%#%&4"; Emergency actionplans
Application An employer must +ave an emergency
action plan 8+enever an OSHAstandard in t+is part re:uires one4
Gritten and oral emergency action
plans !inimum elements of an
emergency action plan
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%#%&4"# Fire preventionplans
Employee information An employer must inform employees
upon initial assignment to a Dob of t+e7re +aards to 8+ic+ t+ey areexposed4 An employer must alsorevie8 8it+ eac+ employee t+oseparts of t+e 7re prevention plannecessary for self.protection4
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%#%& Subpart
Part 5umber-%#%&
Part 0itle- Occupational Safety and
Healt+ Standards Subpart-
Subpart 0itle- Fire Protection
Standard 5umber-%#%& Subpart 0itle- Aut+ority for %#%& Subpart
Appendix- A 3 3 $ 3 9 3 E
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%#%& Subpart
%#%&4%,, . Scope3 application and de7nitions applicable tot+is subpart
%#%&4%,1 . Fire brigades %#%&4%,6 . Portable 7re extinguis+ers %#%&4%,; . Standpipe and +ose systems %#%&4%,# . Automatic sprin?ler systems %#%&4%1& . Fixed extinguis+ing systems3 general %#%&4%1% . Fixed extinguis+ing systems3 dry c+emical %#%&4%12 . Fixed extinguis+ing systems3 gaseous agent
%#%&4%1" . Fixed extinguis+ing systems3 8ater spray andfoam %#%&4%1/ . Fire detection systems %#%&4%1, . Employee alarm systems Appendices A . E
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$lasses of 7re
Fires are classi7ed by t+e material t+at is burning4
Fires are designated as- $lass A
$lass
$lass $ $lass 9
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$lasses of 7re
$lass A 7re means a 7reinvolving ordinary combustible
materials suc+ as paper3 8ood3clot+3 and some rubber and plasticmaterials3 leaving an as+ residue
and burn 8it+ a 8+ite to graysmo?e4
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$lasses of 7re
$lass 7re means a 7reinvolving >ammable or
combustible li:uids3 >ammablegases3 greases and similarmaterials3 and some rubber and
plastic materials4
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$lasses of 7re
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$lasses of 7re
$lass $ 7re means a 7reinvolving energied electrical
e:uipment 8+ere safety to t+eemployee re:uires t+e use ofelectrically nonconductive
extinguis+ing media4
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$lasses of 7re
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$lasses of 7re
$lass 9 7re means a 7reinvolving combustible metals suc+
as magnesium3 titanium3irconium3 sodium3 lit+ium andpotassium4
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Fire Extinguis+mentSystems
Portable extinguis+ing Extinguis+er rating
t+e numerical rating given to an extinguis+er8+ic+ indicates t+e extinguis+ing potential of t+eunit based on standardied tests developed by(nder8ritersJ aboratories3 Inc4
Ex- 2.A or 2&. )relative e
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KExtinguis+er classi7cationC means t+e letterclassi7cation given an extinguis+er todesignate t+e class or classes of 7re on 8+ic+
an extinguis+er 8ill be e
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Fire $+emistry
0+e Fire 0etra+edron4 0+e Fire 0etra+edron4 0+e removal of any one element 0+e removal of any one element
extinguis+es t+e 7re4extinguis+es t+e 7re4
OXYGEN
FUEL
HEAT
CHEMICAL CHAIN REACTION
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GaterGater )$lass KAC Agent*
Removes +eat3 best on $lass KAC7res3 best overall agent4
Lery bad for $lass KC 7res as itspreads t+e fuel4
Lery bad for $lass K$C 7res as it
conducts electricity4 9isastrous on a $lass K9C 7re3 may
cause an explosion4
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$arbon dioxide$arbon dioxide )$lass K$C
Agent* $arbon dioxide means a
colorless3 odorless3 electrically
nonconductive inert gas t+at is amedium for extinguis+ing 7res byreducing t+e concentration of
oxygen or fuel vapor in t+e air tot+e point 8+ere combustion isimpossible4
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$arbon dioxide$arbon dioxide )$lass K$C
Agent* 9isplaces oxygen reducing its
concentration to belo8 t+e level
capable of supporting combustion4 'ood for $lass KC and K$C 7res4
5ot good for $lass KAC 7res4
Haardous to +umans4
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9ry c+emicals
Ordinary dry c+emical po8der)$lass K$C Agent*. Siliconied Sodium icarbonate4 Airborne po8der interrupts t+e
c+emical c+ain reaction4
9oes not smot+er3 cool or removefuel4
'ood for $lass KC and $lass K$C 7res4
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9ry $+emicals
!ultipurpose dry c+emical po8der)$lass KA$C Agent* Siliconied Ammonium P+osp+ate4 Performs as above3 plus t+e po8der
melts 8+en it contacts a +ot surface3sealing t+e oxygen a8ay from t+e fuel4
'ood for $lass KC and $lass K$C 7res4 Fair for $lass KAC 7res4
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FoamFoam )$lass KAC Agent*
Gater based detergent >oats onsurface of burning li:uids3 excluding
oxygen from t+e fuel4 Excellent cooling :ualities3 same as
8ater4
5ot suitable for a $lass K$C 7re4
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9ry po8der9ry po8der )$lass K9CAgent*
Only for $lass K93C metal 7res4
o8 velocity3 sodium bicarbonate or
sand4 Attempts to smot+er 7re= +o8ever3
some metal 7res 8ill continue to burn8it+ no apparent source of oxygen4
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PMP or Purple M Po8derPMP or Purple M Po8der )$lassK$9C Agent*
Potassium bicarbonate dyed purple todistinguis+ it from ot+er agents4
Primarily for $lass K9C 7res)smot+ering*4
It 8ill 8or? on $lass KC and $lass K$C7res as 8ell )interrupting*4
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PMP or Purple M Po8derPMP or Purple M Po8der)$lass K$9C Agent*
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Fire detection systems
Heat detector temperature is t+e primary indicator of
7re Fixed temperature Smo?e detector
Smo?e is t+e primary 7re indicator Ioniation N contains radioactive material
t+at Kc+argesC smo?e particles and sensest+e electrical potential
P+otoelectricity N smo?e disrupts a beam of
lig+t4
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Fire detection systems
Flame detectors !onitor t+e 8avelengt+ of lig+t for t+ose most
common to 7re4 Susceptible to false readings
Rate of rise detectors Respond to 7res t+at >ame up :uic?ly but do
not react to slo8er c+anges in ambient
temperature4 'as sensors
(se t+e presence of combustion gases as t+eprimary 7re indicator4
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Fixed Extinguis+ingSystems )Sprin?lerSystems* Sprin?ler systems
Automatic Semiautomatic
Studies +ave s+o8n t+at sprin?ler systems to be t+e most
e
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Fixed Extinguis+ingSystems )Sprin?lerSystems* 5FPA %"R Standard for t+e Installation of
Sprin?ler Systems in Residential Occupanciesup to and Including Four Stories in Heig+t
5FPA %/ Standard for t+e Installation ofStandpipe and Hose Systems
5FPA %, Standard for Gater Spray FixedSystems for Fire Protection
5FPA %1 Standard for t+e Installation of Foam.Gater Sprin?ler and Foam.Gater SpraySystems
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Sprin?ler Systems
Get.pipe system $ontains 8ater under pressure at all
times4 Any sprin?ler +ead t+at is opened 8ill
allo8 8ater to pass immediately4
can be damaged by 8ater freeing int+e pipes or lea?age Antifreee solution
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Get.pipe system
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Sprin?ler Systems
9ry.pipe system $ontains pressuried air or nitrogen at all times4
Gater is separated from t+e dry pipes4
G+en sprin?ler +ead is opened3 pressure is lost4 0+is loss of pressure opens a valve to release 8ater
into t+e system4
9ry.pipe system is suitable for areas subDect to
freeing4 Slo8er t+an 8et.pipe system
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9ry.pipe system