Instrumentation at HIAF

Xiaodong Tang

Institute of Modern Physics

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Acknowledgement

This talk is based on a number of presentations by the following people.

Xiaohong Zhou (IMP) Weiping Liu (CIAE)

How were the heavy elements from iron to uranium made?

铁

金 铀

• massmass

• stellar half life stellar half life

• Decay branchingDecay branching

• FissionFission

• n capture xsecn capture xsec

s-pro

cess

s-pro

cess

r-pro

cess

r-pro

cess

Projectile @ 200 MeV/uFragmentation + Fission

Decay measurementFRIB yield>1E-4 pps

What might be challenging for FRIB

• Production of some n-rich heavy and trans-U isotopes

• Masses of short –lived, low yield isotopes• Reaction with low yield isotopes

What might be challenging for FRIB

Mass, Reaction, …FRIB yield>1 pps

Chinese SNS (white n-src ， s-process)

(-process)(2018)

SLEGS at Shanghai(photo nuclear reaction,2020)

Heavy Ion Research Facility(IMP)

CJPL(stellar burning,2018)

Beijing Radioactive Ion Facility(CIAE,2015)

High Intensity Accelerator Facility (HIAF)(IMP,2020)

Beijing ISOL

Superconducting Linac: Length: 150 m Energy: 17 MeV/u (U34+)CW and pulse modes

Booster Ring:Circumference: 440 mRigidity: 34 TmBeam accumulationBeam coolingBeam acceleration

Spectrometer Ring:Circumference:188.7 mRigidity: 13T mElectron coolingStochastic coolingIn-ring experiment

The expected cost is around 2.5 billion RMB ( ~400 million US$)The government sets the limitation not exceeding 1.5 billion RMB

High Intensity Accelerator Facility (new version)

Super Heavy NucleusEnergy<10 MeV/u

12C+12CEnergy<1 MeV/u

Facility Competence

Unprecedented beam Intensity ( Comparison with HIRFL):- Primary beam intensity increases by 1000 – 10000 times- Secondary beam intensity increases by ~10000 times

Precisely-tailored beams:- Beam cooling (electron, stochastic, laser; high quality, very small spot )- Beam compression (Ultra-short bunch length: 50-100ns)- Long period slow extraction (Super long, high energy, quasi-continuous

beam)

Ions Energy Intensity

SECR 238U34+ 14 keV/u 0.05 pmA

iLinac 238U34+ 25 MeV/u 0.028 pmA

BRing 238U34+ 0.8 GeV/u ~1.41011 ppp

CRing238U34+ 1.1 GeV/u ~5.01011 ppp

238U92+ 4.1 GeV/u ~2.01011 ppp

Main beam parameters

Experimental Setups

Low energy nuclear structure spectrometer样

品台

Low energy irradiation terminal Electron-ion recombination

spectrometer

High purity & qualityRIBs Station

Radioactive beam line + Experimental ring

High energy irradiation terminal

首批实验Production of Super Heavy Nuclei Production of Super Heavy Nuclei using multi-nucleon transfer reaction using multi-nucleon transfer reaction

238238U@ ~20 MeV/u +U@ ~20 MeV/u + 248248CmCm

238U transfers nucleons to the target nucleus while it gradually

evolves into 208Pb. The corresponding long-lived target-like

product becomes a long lived extremely n-rich 278Sg.

Studying reaction

mechanism

Exploring the physics of

SHN

Studying the chemistry

of SHN

136Xe (8.12 MeV/nucleon, 10 pnA) + 198Pt (6 mg/cm2)

KEK Isotope Separation System (KISS)

Super Heavy Nuclei: Instrumentation (1)

• Gas Catcher• Post acceleration

Beam

Target Separation

A identification

Ion trap Z i

den

tifi

cati

on

Las

er i

on

izat

ion

ImplantationDetection

BigSol at TAMU

Laser spectroscopy

Super Heavy Nuclei : Instrumentation (2)

Gas Filled Spectrometer for nuclear structureGas Filled Spectrometer for nuclear structure

Features:Separator ： Eff.50 ％1.0 MeV -ray ： Eff.10 ％10.0 MeV particle ： Eff.80 ％

SC LINAC will provide the most intense HI beams at low energies. With fusion and large mass transfer reactions, we plan to produce Super Heavy Elements and exotic nuclei and study their structure.

SHANS: Gas filled spectrometer SHANS: Gas filled spectrometer

Differe

ntial

Pumpin

g

System

Reaction Chamber

Detection Chamber

64Ni ＋ 208Pb 272Ds*

216U was synthesized at Lanzhou recently !

Storage Ring

HIAF Production yield @ 1 GeV/u

Storage Ring: Instrumentation (1)

High Precision Storage Ring (BHigh Precision Storage Ring (B=13 Tm)=13 Tm)

• Mass,Decay T1/2,Internal Target Experiment

• Prepare high quality RNB for External Target Experiment

• Mass,Decay T1/2,Internal Target Experiment

• Prepare high quality RNB for External Target Experiment

m/m:10 － 5~10 － 8

Circumference: 188.7m16 dipoles38 quadrupoles

• Large acceptanceLarge acceptance• High resolutionHigh resolution• Single-particle Single-particle

detection detection sensitivitysensitivity

RNBRNB

0+

2+

4+

6+

8+

T1/2 = 71 sEx=2645 keV

94mRu （ T1/2=71μs）Simultaneously

measuring mass and lifetime

Lifetime for fully stripped nucleusWorld record:

most short-lived

Period

Decay !isomer

Cou

nts

Num

ber

of is

omer

Time (s)

The most short lived nuclear state ever measured with storage ring mass spectrometry

94mRu

Storage Ring: Instrumentation (2)Why study reaction with stored beam?

Boost beam current (108 particles,106 Hz max effective intensity : 1014 pps)

Free of beam induced background Ultra-thin target (1013 atoms/cm2)

Conventional target: 10 g/cm2 Carbon foil >1017 atoms/cm2

Allow low energy particle escaping from the target

Minimize beam particle energy loss in target

ITESi array in UHV (EXL)

Light ion induced direct reactions elastic scattering (p,p), (,), … nuclear matter distribution (r), skins, halo structures

inelastic scattering (p,p’), (,’), … giant resonances, deformation parameters, B(E2) values, transition densities

charge exchange reactions (p,n), (3He,t), (d, 2He), … Gamow-Teller strength

transfer reactions (p,d), (p,t), (p, 3He), (d,p), … single particle structure, spectroscopic factors spectroscopy beyond the driplines neutron pair correlations nuclear structure relevant to nuclear reactions at stellar energy (ANC, energy, spin, J, decay branching ratio)

knock-out reactions (p,2p), (p,pn), (p,p 4He)… ground state configurations, nucleon momentum distributions, cluster correlations

Modified based on Egelhof’s talk

Investigation of the Giant Monopole Resonance in 58Ni

challenge: detect and identify very low energy recoils

58Ni(α,α`), E = 100 MeV/u

P. Egelholf, Symposium on Precision Experiments with Stored Exotic and Stable Ions, Lanzhou, 2013

ISGMR

Investigation of the Giant Monopole Resonance in 58Ni

58Ni(α,α`), E = 100 MeV/u, Θlab = 37 deg

location: E = 284 (30) keV expected: E = 300 (50) keV (corresponding to Eres (cm) = 19.9 (0.7) MeV)(from B.K. Nayak et al., PL B637 (2006) 43)

preliminary

P. Egelholf, Symposium on Precision Experiments with Stored Exotic and Stable Ions, Lanzhou, 2013

Z-axis

X-a

xis

Z-axis

E

• IMP, PKU, SINAP, CIAE are interested in

• 2,000 Channels AGET electronics

• Strong help from MSU (Daniel & Wolfi) and other institutes

Time Projection Chamber @ IMP, CAS

Contribution by Ningtao Zhang (IMP)

• Fusion • L.E. elastic scattering • Alpha or proton decays• Breakout reaction in rp• Clustering

• Giant resonance• Fission of n-rich isotopes......• Equation of State• High Energy N.P.

High Intensity Accelerator Facility

iLinaciLinac 地地面设备大面设备大厅厅

BRingBRing 、、 SRingSRing及及 CRingCRing 地面地面设备大厅设备大厅

ERLERL 地面地面设备大厅设备大厅

变电所变电所低温设备区低温设备区

磁体测试磁体测试辅助大厅辅助大厅

超导测试厅超导测试厅

设备转运厅设备转运厅

HI-15@CIAE, Beijing

SCL

super-conducting LINAC 2 MeV/q

ISOL 20000 mass resolution

2014 compact proton cyclotron 100 MeV 200 A

198615 MV Tandem

Good and easy fragments

91Kr 1.8 s

132Sn39.7 s

Good and easy：Large yieldLong half liveEasy to separate

CARR

78Ni beam by 91Kr from reactor

With 7X1010pps 91Kr: 78Ni 103-4ppsRIBF: 101pps

I. Tanihata, NIM B266(2008)4067

2025 ?

• Building bridge: young people • Establishing trust: starting from small projects;

proposals; Grant applicationNuclear AstrophysicsNuclear StructureNuclear Reaction

• Mutual Benefit

HIRFL(Lanzhou)

Beijing ISOL(Beijing)

HIAFADS(Huizhou)

FRIB(MSU)

建设方案：主要构成

RFQ

HWR015 ，共 96 个

HWR009 ，共 42 个离子 荷质比 能量（ MeV/u ） 流强（ p）238U34+ 1/7 25 28

78Kr19+ 19/78 45 40

18O6+ 1/3 57 45

H2+ 1/2 70 1000

超导直线束流参数

强流超导离子直线加速器

超导段总长 159.4m