Instrumental musicInstrumental music

• Largely improvisedLargely improvised• Categories: Categories:

• Soft (stringed instruments)•Vielle

• Loud (wind instruments)•Shawm (ancestor of modern oboe)•Sackbut (ancestor of modern trombone

• Also had percussion and organs

Instrumental MusicInstrumental Music

• Royal estampie #4 (listening guide 6)Royal estampie #4 (listening guide 6)• Originally monophonic, new parts added Originally monophonic, new parts added

in this recording (mainly a drone).in this recording (mainly a drone).• Open and closed endingsOpen and closed endings

Guillaume de MachautGuillaume de Machaut

• Reméde de FortuneReméde de Fortune• Dit(story)• Here with added music and illustrations that

are integral to the plot• Story: Lover’s love for a lady, what he

learns from this about Hope and Fortune (who are personified characters)

Renaissance (1450-Renaissance (1450-1600)1600)

• Age of Humanism (secular influence)Age of Humanism (secular influence)• Rediscovery of ancient Greek writings• New emphasis on reason and scientific

inquiry• Introduction of music printing (first print

1501) made music more widely available• Rise of merchant (middle class) with

amateur musicians

RenaissanceRenaissance

• New innovations in painting, realism, New innovations in painting, realism, simultaneous depiction of a scene.simultaneous depiction of a scene.

Sacred Genres of the Sacred Genres of the Renaissance (1450-Renaissance (1450-

1600)1600)

• MOTETMOTET• Ave Maria … Virgo serena

by Josquin Deprez

• MASS MASS • Pope Marcellus Mass (Gloria)

by Giovanni Palestrina

Josquin, Josquin, Ave Maria… Virgo serenaAve Maria… Virgo serena

•TexturesTextures• continuous imitationcontinuous imitation

• polyphony• smooth because all voices have the same rhythm

• canoncanon• also a sign of compositional excellence

• passages of homophonic writingpassages of homophonic writing

• to bring out the text-- as a type of musical rhetoricto bring out the text-- as a type of musical rhetoric• at the personal prayer-- “Remember ME” at the personal prayer-- “Remember ME”

RENAISSANCE MASSRENAISSANCE MASS

• concentration on the Ordinary concentration on the Ordinary • (texts do not change)

• Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus DeiDei

• Secular Influences Secular Influences • using non-religious songs as a cantus

firmus (a preexistent tune -- like chant in a motet or organum)