Instructions: 1. Complete both Lecture Notes and Challenge Questions using the following slides. 2. Both will be checked when we return to class (Wednesday/Thursday) 3. If school is delayed or cancelled, still plan to have this completed by our first day back. 4. If you need an extra copy of the notes, they can be found on Haiku. 5.with other issues, questions, concerns. The Civil War BIG Picture Question What effect did the Civil War have on American society? North vs. South The United States of America AKA: the North, the Union President: Abraham Lincoln The Confederate States of America AKA: the South, the Confederacy President: Jefferson Davis In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to A.avenge political defeats and insults inflicted by the South B.forestall a Southern invasion of the North C.liberate the slaves D.preserve the Union E.prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs West Virginia Pro-Northern section of Virginia Economic ties to North Became state in 1863 Indian Territory Slave owning Native Americans and abolitionist Native Americans fought Advantages and Disadvantages Union: Pop mil Large navy Manufacturing (80% of factories, 90% of iron) and large agricultural production of foodstuffs More wealth, railroads, telegraph The established government Confederacy: Pop. 9 mil (3.7 mil of whom are slaves) Strong military tradition Agriculture Defending their homeland The 1850s Boom in Manufacturing Interchangeable parts supported mass production in northern factories Southern colonial economy (King Cotton) was not prepared for war New Technology Railroads and steamships telegraph New Military Technology Rifling Mini ball Financing the War 3 options taxation, loans, treasury notes Confederacy printed treasury notes, leading to inflation (the price of everything increases) Union funded mostly through war bonds Also first income tax and Legal Tender Act Robert E. Lee & Ulysses S. Grant Battle Plans North: Contain, divide, and conquer Blockade the coast (Anaconda Plan) Cut CSA in half along Mississippi R. Keep the Union together South: Defensive war of attrition Make the Union give up, gain foreign recognition Fort Sumter April 12 th, 1861 First attack by Southern troops on Union Civil War begins, North vs. South Some Battles Bull Run (Manassas) Shiloh Seven Days Battles 2 nd Bull Run (2 nd Manassas) Battle of Antietam, 1862 A turning point of the war Lees army forced to retreat from Maryland Prevented Britain from joining the war Bloodiest single day battle The Battle of Antietam, September 17,1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it A. confirmed George McClellan' s status as the leading Union general B. forestalled the possibility of European intervention C. marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army D. represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory E. resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy Emancipation Proclamation Official original aim of war keep union together Runaway slaves = contraband of war Emancipation Proclamation issued after Antietam Didnt actually set any slaves free, but made ending slavery a goal of the war Gettysburg, 1863 Bloodiest battle of the war (3 days) Pickets Charge Forced Lee to again retreat to Virginia Never attacked into the North again The Gettysburg Address Lincoln gave his two minute speech to commemorate the cemetery Monitor and Merrimack (Virginia) Ironclads Changed naval warfare made wooden ships obsolete Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia Lee surrenders to Grant, effectively ending the Civil War Lincolns Assassination Lincoln was murdered by John Wilkes Booth while watching Our American Cousin at Fords Theatre in Washington, D.C. SIC SEMPER TYRANNIS! Henry Ford Museum Dearborn, MI Recap Bloodiest war in American history (620,000) Most battles fought in Virginia or Deep South EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR ON AMERICAN SOCIETY Political Effects Division in the North Copperheads Northern Democrats who wanted to end war and compromise with the South But, also left the Republicans as the dominant party in Congress Economic Effects Both North and South experience inflation: North: about 80% South: about 9000% Richmond Bread Riot Women broke into stores, stealing bread and other goods The 13 th Amendment Finally, on December 6 th, 1865, the 13 th Amendment abolished slavery African American Soldiers Black regiments for the first time 54 th Massachusetts As seen in Glory Opposition to the Draft In South, anger toward Twenty Negro Law In New York City, draft riots in 1863 mostly involved poor Irish immigrants Over 100 African Americans were killed by the mobs Women in the War War brought new opportunities Many women became nurses, clerks and spies Dorothea Dix was head of women nurses for the US Clara Barton started the Red Cross Blueprint for Modern America, 1862 The secession of the South allowed Republicans to have a large enough majority to pass these progressive laws Homestead Act Free land on Great Plains for farmers Morrill Land-Grant Act Gave land to states for colleges and universities Pacific Railroad Act Authorized the transcontinental RR Morrill Tariff Act High protective tariff Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed legislation promoting economic development concerning all of the following EXCEPT the A. establishment of a high tariff to protect American industry from foreign competition B. granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods C. organization of a national banking system to provide a uniform national currency D. passage of the Homestead Act E. provision of government loans and land grants to private companies to construct a transcontinental railroad Reasons to Hate Each Other Shermans March to the Sea Andersonville Prison & Camp Douglas Civil Wars Legacy The Civil War answered the tough questions the Founding Fathers refused to answer. What should be done about slavery? What is more powerful, the federal government or the states? Transferred political power from South to North (kind of?) Replaced slave society with free-labor ideology (kind of?)