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Instructional Design Postcards Rebecca Wright-Washington Edtech503 - Dr. Janio October 10, 2010 www.google.com/images

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Instructional Design

PostcardsRebecca Wright-Washington

Edtech503 - Dr. JanioOctober 10, 2010

www.google.com/images

List of Postcards

Slide 03,04: History of Instructional DesignSlide 05,06: Definition of Instructional DesignSlide 07,08: SystematicSlide 09,10: ModelsSlide 11,12: ADDIE's ModelSlide 13,14: Bloom's ModelSlide 15,16: Kemp's ModelSlide 17,18: Merrill's ModelSlide 19,20: Kirkpatrick's ModelSlide 21,22: Dave & Carey's ModelSlide 23,24: ConstructivismSlide 25,26: EmpiricismSlide 27,28: BehaviorismSlide 29,30: Information Processing TheorySlide 31,32: Educational TechnologySlide 33: Work Cited

Teaching Machine

History of Instructional Design

The history of instructional design is dated back to the theories of B.F. Skinner during World War II. His theory of practices maximized the effectiveness, efficiency and appeal of instructions to help to aid the soldiers with training. The Teaching Machine photographed was later developed by B.F. Skinner. This machine is a rectangular wooden box with a hinged metal lid with windows. Various paper discs fit inside, with questions and answers written along radii of the discs. One question at a time appears in the window nearer the center. The student writes an answer on a paper tape to the right and advances the mechanism. This reveals the correct answer but covers his answer so that it may not be changed.

http://historyexplorer.si.edu/artifacts/resource.asp?id=1146

Define Instructional Design

Instructinal Design refers to the systematic and reflective process of translating principles of learning and instruction into plans of instructional materials, activities, information resources, and evaluation. Instructional design is like the reflection of a mirror. That the instruction is a reflective process that the learner is able to keep adding additional information to the instruction to increase their knowledge of the instruction or activity.

Smith, P., & Ragan, T. (2). Instructional design. New York: Merrill.

Systematic

A systematic approach in instruction design ensures a comprehensive training process that remains focused on the needs of the organization. It's a process that implements all of the following phrases:1. Analyzation that identifies the training goals2. Design a training system that learners can use to meet learning goals.3. Develop: create resources and materials.4. Implement: deliver the training materials to the learners.5. Evaluate the training during and after implementation. The systematic approach is also used in setting up dominals. The user has to analyze, design and develop an appropriate path for the dominos to fall to make a pattern. After implementation the user can then evaluate the results of how the domino actually fell.

http://historyexplorer.si.edu/artifacts/resource.asp?id=1146

ID ModelThe ID Model is defined as a visualized depictions of instructional design process, emphasizing main elements and their relationships. This model asks the questions.1. Where are we going?2. How will we get there?3. How will we know when we've arrived? "Dora the Explora" also uses the ID Model in he episodes of teaching children the spanish languages. She asks the questions, "Where are we going?" and then the children respond with the location of where they are going. She also ask, "How do we get there"? and the children gives her detailed route of how they well travel to get there. Finally, once they arrive at the destination she does a dance and sings, "We did it, we did it", yea !Lo hicimos!

http://www.nickjr.com/kids-games/doras-great-big-world-game.html

The ADDIE Instruction Design Model is a five phase model that represents a dynamic flexible quideline for building effective training and performance support tools.

http://bit.ly/bnWJr2

ADDIE MODEL

Bloom identified six levels within the cognitive domain, from the simple recall or recognition of facts, as the lowest level, through increasingly more complex and abstract mental levels, to the highest order which is classified as evaluation.

http://bit.ly/bnWJr2

BLOOM'S MODEL

KEMP'S MODEL The Jerold Kemp Model is an oval shaped model that defines nine different components of an instructional design that consists of a continueous cycle of implementations that requires constant planning, design, development and assessment to insure effective instruction. The nine key elements are listed below: 1. Identify instructional problems, and specify goals for designing an instructional program. 2. Examine learner characteristics that should receive attention during planning.3. Identify subject content, and analyze task components related to stated goals and purposes.4. State instructional objectives for the learner.5. Sequence content within each instructional unit for logical learning.6. Design instructional strategies so that each learner can master the objectives.7. Plan the instructional message and delivery.8. Develop evaluation instruments to assess objectives.9. Select resources to support instruction and learning activities.

http://bit.ly/bnWJr2

MERRILL'S MODEL

Merrill's first principles of instructions suggest that the most effective learning environment is problem based and involves the student in the areas of (1) activation of prior experience (2) demonstration of skills (3) application of skills (4) integration or these skills into real world activities.

http://bit.ly/bIK7fl

The Kirkpatricks’s Model has 4 levels of training evaluations. Functionality of the levels begins with level one and then proceeding to the next level as budget allows. (1) Evaluation – Reactions (measures how participants reacts to the training program)(2) Evaluation – Learning (extent the learner have advanced in skills, knowledge, or attitude)(3) Evaluation – Transfer (measures the transfer of the learners behavior due to the training program)(4) Evaluation - Results (the success of the program)

KIRKPATRICK'S MODEL

http://bit.ly/bnWJr2

DAVE AND CAREY'S MODEL

The Dave and Carey Model is a detailed comprehensive process. The entire model entire system, focusing on the interrelationship between context, content, learning and instruction. The key components of the model:

● Identify Instructional Goal(s)● Conduct Instructional Analysis● Analyze Learners and Contexts● Write Performance Objectives● Develop Assessment Instruments● Develop Instructional Strategy● Develop and Select Instructional Materials● Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation of Instruction● Revise Instruction● Design and Conduct Summative Evaluation

DAVE & CAREY'S MODEL

http://bit.ly/bv0Ztshttp://bit.ly/tFFQy

CONSTRUCTIVISM

Constructivism states that people apply their prior understandings to their current experiences in order to construct, elaborate or restructure their knowledge. The photo displays a child wearing his thinking cap to activate his prior knowledge.

http://bit.ly/c1tApv

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism was founded by John Locke that states that the only source of knowledge comes through our own senses. This photo displays a cartoon character that uses arrows show how the knowledge stays with the individual. It is not inherited from another individual.

http://bit.ly/cVSvyZ

BEHAVIORISM

Behaviorism is a philosophy of psychology that is based on the proposition that all things we do is considered behaviors. The photo shows two younger learners working together to complete the assignment.

INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY

Information Processing Theory is the study of cognitive development that human minds are a system that processes information through the application of logical rules and strategies. The photo displays pieces of the puzzle on a humans face pertains to how humans process information in chunks to understand the information.

http://bit.ly/cLFII7

EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY

Educational Technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing any type of technological resources. This photo of two computers connecting to share information.

http://bit.ly/11nl2U

WORK CITES

Smith, P. L., & Ragan, T. J. (2005). Instructional Design. JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.www.google/images