instructional design: a forgotten art?
DESCRIPTION
Jim WetzelTRANSCRIPT
Instructional DesignA forgotten art?
Considerations, guidelines and suggested methodologies for bringing instructional design back to the fore-front of training
and performance improvement.
Jim Wetzel – Manager, Performance Technology, Kendle Inc.
Objectives
• Describe the attributes of learning and instructional design.
• Recognize why ISD is not always given the importance it should.
• Provide some examples of good and bad design.• List steps that can be taken to improve ISD.• Outline ways to measure if this works.
Instructional Design
Examples of Current Modalities for Training
• Presentation• ILT • Paper-based• Peers• OJT• eLearning• Websites• Prayer
What is Training/Instruction
• Training is a way to improve performance• Components of Training
Measurement Instruction Structure Accessibility Feedback
• Its about the objectives - (Key Objective)
What is Instructional Design
• Instructional Design is a systematic way of presenting content in such a way that a defined audience has the best probability or learning, applying and retaining the material presented.
What is Learning?
• Measurable and demonstrable performance over time
• Rote memorization of a fact• Acquisition of a skill(s)• Changes in attitude• Measurement is always indirect and
inferred
Delivery Mechanisms
• Evolved over time Storytelling Hieroglyphics Records (Paper) Books Teachers Instructors eLearning Self Gaming
Forgotten Art
Forgotten
• Who forgot ISD? Was it ever really known and understood?
• Why is ISD neglected? Ignorance Time Perception – (Lots of poor courseware) Complex Content
Forgetting ISD Starts Early
• SMEs rarely make the best teachers• If you are a SME, let the IDs lead
Ensure facts and processes are correct Focus on objectives
Glycolysis - The Hard Way
Glycolysis The Easy Way
Art
• Interactivity, Schminteractivity History Channel
Where’s the Banana?
Sweet Maria’s
Sweet Marias
?
Sweet Marias
?
Sweet Marias
?
Sweet Marias
Sweet Maria’s
• Why does this work?• Motivation• Schema Theory of Learning
Google vs. Yahoo
Yahoo
Getting ISD Back
• Requirements• Objectives• Rapid ID – Classify, design and execute• Rapid Development Tools
Articulate Raptivity Engage Captivate
• Add and Stick to Process
Strategies for Simple Content
• Classify into domains of learning Facts Concepts Rules/Procedures Attitudes
• Once classified, add strategy Big and Small
• Content reinforcement techniques• Bananas• Test-out options/exemptions
Simple Content Example
Before ISD
Objectives
By the end of this training module, you will be able to:
• Know the structure of a CTD formatted submission
• Know the roles and responsibilities of key Submission Team members
• Know how to plan for a successful CTD submission
What is a CTD?• CTD = Common Technical Document Organized into five
modules:– Module 1: Regional Information (EU, US, JP)– Module 2: CTD Summaries
• Overall CTD Table of Contents and Introduction• Quality Overall Summary• Nonclinical Overview and Summary• Clinical Overview and Summary
– Module 3: Quality (Chemistry, Manufacturing, Controls)– Module 4: Nonclinical Study Reports (early development safety)– Module 5: Clinical Study Reports (late development safety &
efficacy)
What is wrong with this screen?Hint: Title
Where do you start?
• Poor writing skills - the # 1 problem Content Outline – Get one. (Organization) Determine if current content supports the
outline. (Clarity) Now focus on classification and instructional
strategies. (Design)
After ISD
Chapter 1 - Overview: Format of CTD Structure, Responsibilities & Planning
Chapter Objectives
By the end of this training module, you will be able to:
– Describe the structure of a CTD formatted submission
– Identify the roles and responsibilities of key Submission Team members
– State how to plan for a successful CTD submission
Chapter 1 - Overview: Format of CTD Structure, Responsibilities & Planning
CTD and eCTD DefinedWhat is a CTD an how is it different from an eCTD?
The Common Technical Document (CTD) is a document template that provides a common format for the preparation of the documentation to support a Marketing Authorization Application (i.e. a new drug application) that will be submitted to the regulatory authorities.
The electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD) is a computer-based interface for companies to transfer submission information to regulatory authorities.
While the CTD defines the content the document is to contain, the eCTD defines the electronic structure.
Note: The CTD is defined by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) M4 Expert Working Group
Module 1Regional
Administrative Information
Module 3Quality
Module 4Nonclinical
Study Reports
Module 5Clinical Study
Reports
2.1 TOC
2.2 Introduction
2.3 QualityOverall
Summary
2.4 NonclinicalOverview
2.5 ClinicalOverview
2.6 NonclinicalSummaries
2.7 ClinicalSummaries
CTD Pyramid
Module 2Summaries
Quality / CMC Preclinical Clinical
Strategies for Complex Content
• Recognize the sophistication/education level of the audience Why? Provides baseline for writing and design
• Define the instructional goal and performance objectives
• Develop instruction strategies for content, e.g., tumor assessment/dosing exercises
• Leverage SMEs• Simulations, Case Studies
Tumor Assessment
• Launch Tumor Exercise
• Launch Dosing Exercise
Background on Process
• Most Instructional Design groups are small• Process is either non-existent or inherited• SDLC is a foreign concept• Many parallels to software development• Vendors somewhat better than internal depts.• Not many good standards out there
ISO SCORM
Injecting Process
Adding Process
• Find one, build one, or buy one• Ban PowerPoint• Ensure it spans the gamut from Kick-off to
Closeout and all points in between. Presales Design Development Testing QA
• Work toward a methodology.
Measuring PerformanceDid any of this help?
Internal Measurements
• Revenue• Delivery times• Client satisfaction• Employee satisfaction
Measuring Performance
• Direct Pre-tests establish baseline knowledge Post-tests establish comprehension Recertification establishes learning
• Indirect Less training required Decreased rates of failure
Additional Measurement Techniques
• Kirkpatrick's 4 levels of evaluating training effectiveness Level I - “Did they like it?” (a.k.a feedback) Level II - “Did they learn it?” (assessment results) Level III - “Can they do it?” (application) Level IV - “Did it work?” (better mission execution)
Acting on the Results
• Training/Assessment Revision• New Training• Following up with Reinforcement
40/20/40 Rule
Questions