THE MAKING OF SOLID SOAP FROM BENTONITE SOIL FOR CLEANING UNCLEAN MUGHALLAZAH

Dr. Muhammad Yanis Musdja, M.Sc

Chairman of Indonesian Halal Products Foundation

Vice Chairman Moslem Intelectual Associatio Jakarta Head (Former) of Pharmacy Study Program Islamic State University, Jakarta

Dean (Former) Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah, Indonesia

THE MAKING OF SOLID SOAP FROM BENTONITE SOIL

FOR CLEANING UNCLEAN MUGHALLAZAH

• BACKGROUNDS : Islamic teachings obligate to wash unclean of mughalladzah (unclean that originates from pig and dog saliva) with water as much as 7 times and with soil one time. Soap of soil bentonite is an alternative to cleanse the unclean mughalladzah.

• OBJECTIVE: Make a soap solid from the soil bentonite to wash Unclean of mughalladzah. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Soap is made from a mixture of materials containing: Bentonite, Sodium hydroxide, glycerin, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, butylated hidroxytoluene, coconut oil, triclosan, ethanol 96%, perfume of tea tree oil, distilled water. The manufacture of soap formulas was done by variation of acid stearate (6%, 7%, 8% and 9%) and sodium lauryl sulfate (3%, 4% and 5%), then performed organoleptic examination and measurement of pH, height and foam stability, hardness and the quality requirements for the soap. RESULTS : From the results of this study, the concentration of 9% stearate acid and sodium lauryl sulfate 5% is the best formula to be used as soap. Discussion and Conclusions : the higher concentration of stearic acid, produces the harder solid soap bentonite, while the optimal concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate obtained at the concentration of 5%

Backgrounds

Bentonite solid soap

(HALAL) as a cleanser unclean

mughalladzah

Halal Components

Halal assurance

system

Najis mughalladzah

Cleanse unclean by

Soil

Innovation soil soap for

ease of performing

ablution

Islamic teachings obligate

to wash unclean of

mughalladzah (unclean that

originates from pig and

dog saliva) with soil one

time and with water 7

times . Soap of soil

bentonite is an alternative

to cleanse the unclean

mughalladzah

The collection of

materials

The manufacture four solid soap formula

bentonite (stearic acid concentration

variations)

Organoleptic evaluation, pH and hardness

soap

Formula solid soap bentonite (stearic acid

selected)

The manufacture three solid soap formula bentonite (various concentrations

NLS)

Evaluation of pH, high foam, foam stability and hardness

Formula solid soap bentonite

elected

Evaluation of the quality of

the soap according to

SNI

FORMULATION OF BENTONITE SOLID SOAP WITH VARIATION OF STEARIC ACID

\

INGREDIENTS CONCENTRATION

F1 F2 F3 F4

Coconut oil 17% 17% 17% 17%

NaOH 30% 15% 15% 15% 15%

Stearic Acid 6% 7% 8% 9%

Kokamidopropil

betain

3% 3% 3% 3%

NLS 4% 4% 4% 4%

Bentonit 20% 20% 20% 20%

Glicerin 17% 17% 17% 17%

BHT 0,02% 0,02% 0,02% 0,02%

Triklosan 0,1% 0,1% 0,1% 0,1%

Ethanol 96% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Perfume qs qs qs qs

Aquadest Add 100% Add 100% Ad 100% Ad 100%

b. FORMULATION OF BENTONITE SOLID SOAP WITH VARIATION OF CONCENTRATION NLS

Materials

CONSENTRATION

FA FB FC

Coconut oil 17% 17% 17%

NaOH 30% 15% 15% 15%

Stearic Acid 9% 9% 9%

Kokamidopropil betain 3% 3% 3%

NLS 3% 4% 5%

Bentonite 20% 20% 20%

Glicerin 17% 17% 17%

BHT 0,02% 0,02% 0,02%

Triklosan 0,1% 0,1% 0,1%

Ethanol 96% 1% 1% 1%

Perfume qs qs qs

Aquadest Add 100% Add 100% Ad 100%

The weighing of ingredients

a mixture of stearic acid,

coconut oil and BHT Is melted

up to 700C

Added a 30% NaOH solution at 700C, stirring until

it forms a homogeneous

mass.

Added glycerine, NLS, betain,

triclosan, bentonite and the rest of the

water

Added perfume at a temperature of 400C - 500C

Stirred until it forms a mass of solid soap.

The mixture is poured into a

mold, allowed to stand until it

hardens

Evaluated of soap

Result & Discussion Formulation of Bentonite Solid Soap

Material Function

Coconut oil Oil Fase

NaOH 30% Alkali

Stearic acid Soap Hardener

Kokamidopropil betain Surfactan sekunder

NLS Foaming surfactants

Bentonit Soil

Glicerin Humektan

BHT Antioksidan

Triklosan Preservative

Ethanol 96% Solvent

Perfume Deodorizer

Aquadest Water Fase

Evaluation of Chemical-Physical Properties

a. Observations of Organoleptic

Form, color and odor .

b. High and Stability Foam

calculated with the formula:

Foam stability (1 hour) = 100% - % of foam missing

c. pH of Soap

Measured by a pH meter

d. The hardness of Soap

Measured by penetrometer

Formula Evaluation of Bentonite Solid Soap with Variation

Concentrations of Stearic Acid

Formula Form Color Odor

I Solid Brown Aroma tea

II Solid Brown Aroma tea

III Solid Brown Aroma tea

IV Solid Brown Aroma tea

Observation Organoleptic

Physically with the addition of stearic acid which varies did not

affect the the shape, color and smell of the resulting solid soap

bentonite. Brown color on the soap due to the presence of

bentonite as a cleaning agent mughalladzah unclean.

Ket:

FI: Stearic Acid 6%

FII: Stearic Acid 7%

FIII: Stearic Acid 8%

FIY: Stearic Acid 9%

Formula pH Value

average ± SD

I 10,201 ± 0,0332

II 10,110 ± 0,0089

III 10,105 ± 0,0141

IV 10,102 ± 0,0125

Comersial

Soap

10,530 ± 0,0404

pH testing

The higher the concentration of

stearic acid, the pH value of the soap

will decrease. But the drop in pH that

occurred did not differ significantly

between the formula.

Hardness testing

Formula The average depth of penetration ± SD

(10-1 mm) I 52 ± 1,3229

II 42,08 ± 0,6292

III 40,08 ± 0,8780

IV 32,83 ± 1,0104

Comersial Soap 10,03 ± 0,0577

The higher the concentration of stearic acid, the

higher hardness of bentonite solid soap. This is due to

stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid and a role in

providing consistency and hardness on the soap.

Formula Form Color Odor

A Solid Brown Tea Aroma

B Solid Brown Tea Aroma

C Solid Brown Tea Aroma

Formula Evaluation of Bentonite Solid Soap, with

variation concentrations of NLS

Observations of Organoleptic

Physically with the addition of varying

concentrations of NLS does not affect the form,

color and odor to the result of bentonite.solid soap

Ket:

FA: NLS 3%

FB: NLS 4%

FC: NLS 5%

Formula The average pH value ± SD

A 10,199 ± 0,0295

B 10,102 ± 0,0125

C 10,323 ± 0,0361

Comersial

Soap

10,530 ± 0,0404

pH testing

The higher the concentration of NLS,

the higher the pH,

therefore NLS has an alkaline pH

Formula Hardness testing ± SD

(10-1 mm)

A 35,25 ± 0,25

B 32,83 ± 1,0104

C 32,50 ± 1,3229

Soap

Commercial

10,03 ± 0,0577

HARDNESS TESTING

The higher the concentration of

NLS, the higher the hardness of solid

soap bentonite, because the amount

of water that is added decreases

Formula High Foam

average ± SD

(cm)

The average

foam stability

SD (%)

A 1,37 ± 0,0577 92,68 ± 0,3175

B 1,63 ± 0,1155 93,87 ± 0,4561

C 1,67 ± 0,1155 93,98 ± 0,3984

Soap

Commer

cial

1,43 ± 0,0577 79,05 ± 0,8256

High and Stability Testing of

Foam

The higher the concentration of NLS , the

better stability of foam soap solid bentonite.

According Deragon et al. (1968) criteria for

good foam stability, when within 5 minutes

of the foam stability obtained ranges between

60-70%. Based on the results of the statistical

analysis ANOVA height and foam stability,

concentration NLS NLS 4% and 5% showed

values did not differ significantly, so the

concentration of 4% NLS selected as the best

concentration.

CONCLUSION

• Stearic acid concentration of 9% give the highest hardness

in solid soap bentonite.

• Increasing the concentration of NLS can give affect pH,

high foam, foam stability and hardness of bentonite solid

soap

• NLS concentration of 4% and 5% is the best concentration

of NLS in providing physical-chemical properties, such as :

pH of soap, foam height and foam stability as well as

hardness of bentonite solid soap.