Institutional Repositories: Institutional Repositories: Dealing with Data Dealing with Data

Challenges.Challenges.

OKIKI, O. Chris (Ph.D)OKIKI, O. Chris (Ph.D)

Head, Automation Unit University Head, Automation Unit University of Lagos Library University of of Lagos Library University of

LagosLagos

Akoka, Lagos Akoka, Lagos chrisokiki2009@yahoo.comchrisokiki2009@yahoo.com

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Definition of Open AccessDefinition of Open Access

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Driving Force Behind Open AccessDriving Force Behind Open Access

What OA is not ?What OA is not ? There are various misunderstandings There are various misunderstandings

about Open Access. It is not self-about Open Access. It is not self-publishing, nor a way to bypass peer-publishing, nor a way to bypass peer-review and publication, nor is it a kind review and publication, nor is it a kind of second-class, cut-price publishing of second-class, cut-price publishing route. It is simply a means to make route. It is simply a means to make research results freely available online research results freely available online to the whole research communityto the whole research community. .

http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/briefingpapers/http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/briefingpapers/2006/pub_openaccess_v2.aspx2006/pub_openaccess_v2.aspx

The objective of open-access is:The objective of open-access is:

not to quarrel with or to replace journals (at all) _____________________________________________

1.not to resolve the budgetary problems of libraries (and yet…)

2.not to provide access to the Developing World (and yet…)

The objective of open-access isThe objective of open-access is::

to maximize research impact

by maximizing research access

OA serves toOA serves to

What Libraries Can DoWhat Libraries Can Do

Self-archiving: Maintain institutional repository. Help faculty archive their research papers, new & old, digitizing if necessary.

Make sure scholars at your institution know how to find open access journals and archives in their fields As open access journals proliferate, cancel over-priced journals Familiarize yourself with the issues

Institutional repositories: Institutional repositories: Defines…Defines…

An institutional repository is a digital archive of the An institutional repository is a digital archive of the intellectual product created by the faculty, research intellectual product created by the faculty, research staff, and students of an institution and accessible to staff, and students of an institution and accessible to end users both within and outside of the institution, end users both within and outside of the institution, with few if any barriers to access.with few if any barriers to access.

encouraging wider use of open access information encouraging wider use of open access information assetsassets

may contain a variety of digital objects may contain a variety of digital objects • e-prints, e-prints, • theses, theses, • e-learning objects, e-learning objects, • datasetsdatasets

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IRs & Digital LibrariesIRs & Digital Libraries

Institutional RepositoriesInstitutional Repositories

Are organized around a Are organized around a particular particular institutional institutional communitycommunity

Often are dependent upon the Often are dependent upon the voluntary contribution of voluntary contribution of materials by scholars for the materials by scholars for the content in their collectioncontent in their collection

Are mainly repositories and Are mainly repositories and therefore may only offer therefore may only offer llimited user servicesimited user services

Digital LibrariesDigital Libraries

May be built around any number May be built around any number of organizing principles (often of organizing principles (often topic, subject, or discipline)topic, subject, or discipline)

Are the product of a Are the product of a deliberate deliberate collection development policycollection development policy

Typically include an Typically include an important important service aspect (reference and service aspect (reference and research assistance, interpretive research assistance, interpretive content, or special resources.)content, or special resources.)

In other words, the content of an IR is:In other words, the content of an IR is:

IRs can be used for:IRs can be used for:

Scholarly communicationScholarly communication

Storing learning materials and courseworkStoring learning materials and coursework

Managing collections of research documentsManaging collections of research documents

Preserving digital materials for the long termPreserving digital materials for the long term

Knowledge managementKnowledge management

Electronic publishingElectronic publishing

Research assessment exerciseResearch assessment exercise

Collaboration toolCollaboration tool

Starting & Maintaining an IRStarting & Maintaining an IR

Steps to Building an IRSteps to Building an IR

1.1.Justify the relevance to the Justify the relevance to the institution and institution and contributorscontributors

2.2.Develop a policy framework. Develop a policy framework. How will we find this How will we find this content and what will we do with it?content and what will we do with it?

3. Build the 3. Build the infrastructure infrastructure

Bonus: Get institutional Bonus: Get institutional support and a mandate.support and a mandate.

Starting & Maintaining an IRStarting & Maintaining an IR

IR TechnologyIR Technology

IR software (Open Source/Commercial)IR software (Open Source/Commercial) OAI-PMH harvesting protocol/software OAI-PMH harvesting protocol/software

(Free)(Free) Intel/Pentium servers for IRIntel/Pentium servers for IR Linux/Red Hat OS, MySQL/PostGre Linux/Red Hat OS, MySQL/PostGre

DBMS, Apache/Tomcat web server, DBMS, Apache/Tomcat web server, Perl/Java (Free)Perl/Java (Free)

Starting & Maintaining an IRStarting & Maintaining an IR

Core issuesCore issues

• Policy Decisions Policy Decisions

• Organizational IssuesOrganizational Issues

• Cultural IssuesCultural Issues

Starting & Maintaining an IRStarting & Maintaining an IR

Cultural IssuesCultural Issues• Advocacy - Sensitive to organizational culture and background - Community size - Strategy: stakeholders, management committees • •Copyright - Concern of researchers, Legal department

• Positioning - Library/Institute Website

WhyWhy institutional repositories? institutional repositories?

For the IndividualFor the Individual• Provide a central archive of their workProvide a central archive of their work• Improved discovery and retrievalImproved discovery and retrieval• Increase the dissemination and impact of their Increase the dissemination and impact of their

researchresearch• Acts as a full CVActs as a full CV

For the InstitutionFor the Institution• Increases visibility and prestigeIncreases visibility and prestige• Acts as an advertisement to funding sources, Acts as an advertisement to funding sources,

potential new faculty and students, etc.potential new faculty and students, etc.• Helps in administration, e.g., Research Helps in administration, e.g., Research

assessment and evaluationassessment and evaluation

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How Does an IR Work?How Does an IR Work?

Submission and IngestionSubmission and Ingestion contributor metadatacontributor metadata formattingformatting CopyrightCopyright

Post-SubmissionPost-Submission quality metadata (DC)quality metadata (DC) Intellectual Property issuesIntellectual Property issues

User QueryUser Query

Ongoing workflowsOngoing workflows PreservationPreservation AdministrationAdministration Data ManagementData Management System customizationSystem customization

Contents of an IRContents of an IR Pre-prints / post prints Pre-prints / post prints Research reports, Conference papers / postersResearch reports, Conference papers / posters Book reviewsBook reviews Teaching materialsTeaching materials Student’s assignments / projectsStudent’s assignments / projects Doctoral theses and dissertationsDoctoral theses and dissertations Audio / video materials such as speech Audio / video materials such as speech Photographs / imagesPhotographs / images Convocation address, Convocation address, Annual reports / manuscripts / mapsAnnual reports / manuscripts / maps Newspaper clippings / articlesNewspaper clippings / articles Profiles of faculty members / administrative staff / scientists Profiles of faculty members / administrative staff / scientists

etc.etc.

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Authorised Contributors

Students,

Research scholars,

Teachers,

Scientists,

Administrative staff

Academic support staff

No review process

Review of subject content with selected group of peers

Only for certain documents (for eg no need of quality control mechanism for any article published in peer reviewed journal submitted to IR with due permission from publisher)

Peer-review and Quality Control

Issues…

Promotion

Intellectual Property Issues

Assessment

IR Software's

Interoperability Standards

Benefits of setting up an IRBenefits of setting up an IR

For researchersFor researchers Showcase your institute’s outputShowcase your institute’s output Increases citation for authorsIncreases citation for authors 24-hour access through any web-enabled device24-hour access through any web-enabled device Life’s work in one locationLife’s work in one location Satisfies funder’s mandatesSatisfies funder’s mandates Persistent URLsPersistent URLs

For librariansFor librarians Provides new ways for archiving & preserving valuable workProvides new ways for archiving & preserving valuable work Time-saving and cost-effectiveTime-saving and cost-effective Help to identify trends Help to identify trends Reduce duplication of recordsReduce duplication of records

More BenefitsMore Benefits

For the university OR InstitutionFor the university OR Institution An effective marketing toolAn effective marketing tool Increase the visibility, reputation and prestigeIncrease the visibility, reputation and prestige Greater interdisciplinary researchGreater interdisciplinary research Enhanced fundingEnhanced funding Facilitates gathering data such as publications for Facilitates gathering data such as publications for

AssessmentsAssessments

For the global communityFor the global community Free access of scholarly informationFree access of scholarly information Taxpayers fund a large amount of scientific researchTaxpayers fund a large amount of scientific research Developing countriesDeveloping countries Increase public knowledgeIncrease public knowledge Gain access to a wide variety of materials Gain access to a wide variety of materials

IR offersIR offers

•Increasing visibility and prestige

•Centralisation and storage of all types of institutional output

•Support for learning and teaching

•Standardisation of institutional records

•Leverage of existing systems

•Possible long term cost savings

To the Institution

IR offers

• Increased visibility and citation• Participation in research (particularlyfrom developing countries)• Speed up knowledge discovery• Enable new modes of inquires• Increase computational potential• Blurring disciplinary boundaries• New metrics and “language” forimpact and authority

To Researchers

IR offers

• Provide access to the world’s research

• Ensures long-term preservation of institutes’ academic output

To the Society

Challenges / Inhibiting factorsChallenges / Inhibiting factors

CostCost Difficulties with generating contentDifficulties with generating content Barriers to faculty participation are Barriers to faculty participation are

numerousnumerous Sustaining support and commitmentSustaining support and commitment Rights managementRights management

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Emerging Platforms for Emerging Platforms for RepositoriesRepositories

Eprints: Eprints: http://www.eprints.orghttp://www.eprints.org>. >. The The

primary purpose of the EPrints software is to help create open access to the primary purpose of the EPrints software is to help create open access to the peer-reviewed research output of all scholarly and scientific research peer-reviewed research output of all scholarly and scientific research institutions (mainly universities). institutions (mainly universities). Caltech Collection of Open Digital Archives: Caltech Collection of Open Digital Archives: http://library.caltech.edu/digital/http://library.caltech.edu/digital/

BEPressBEPress<<http://www.bepress.comhttp://www.bepress.com>. The Berkeley Electronic Press >. The Berkeley Electronic Press produces technology to ease the flow of scholarly communication. produces technology to ease the flow of scholarly communication. eScholarship (California Digital Library): eScholarship (California Digital Library):

http://repositories.cdlib.org/escholarship/http://repositories.cdlib.org/escholarship/

DSpace: DSpace: <<http://www.dspace.orghttp://www.dspace.org>. >. DSpace is open-source software DSpace is open-source software jointly produced by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the jointly produced by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Hewlett-Packard Company. DSpace (MIT): http://dspace.mit.edu/Hewlett-Packard Company. DSpace (MIT): http://dspace.mit.edu/

University of Ghana Library: IR ProjectUniversity of Ghana Library: IR Project

http://repository.unilag.edu.ng:8080/xmlui/

http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh

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