institute report 2014 - tu braunschweig · institute report 2014 from ifra to iva - 25th...

Institute Report 2014From IfRA to iVA - 25th Anniversary

Institute for Traffic Safetyand Automation EngineeringLate 2014

1 PrefaceAs traffic safety is not limited to special disciplines and

natural views our strategy of methodological foundationand international cooperation is a driving force for ouracademic efforts. Their results and goals govern the maincontent of this biannual institute report but profit from along term continously followed scientific program. How-ever, according to my retirement end of September, 2014,it is also the last report of our education and research,which I conducted as the intitute’s director.

25 years of continuous education and research in trans-portation and traffic safety and its foundations in au-tomation control, and reliability engineering provides abroad and nearly complete developed basis for a new eraof transport automation. Starting with automated rail-way operation now a new approach on road vehicle androad traffic automation can be reached by means of de-veloped means of description, especially formally by Petrinets and by an advanced methodology as the BASYYNET(Braunschweiger Analyse- und Systementwurfsmethodemit Petrinetzen fÃ¼r Transportmittel) and it compris-ing tools as our new and promising Pi-Tool for Petri Netmodeling and analyses. All these three components formthe BMW-Principle. Its acronym stands for the tripleBeschreibungsmittel-Methode-Werkzeug which we are al-lowed by the famous BMW Motor Group to use it in sci-entific context.

Our prepaparations and preceding work in Europeanscientific collaboration are very fruitful. Three EU-projects have been succeeded and finished successfullywhich focus on the application of satellite precise andsafe position measurement for surface transportation:QualiSaR (Development of a Qualification Procedure forthe Usage of Galileo Satellite Receivers for Safety RelevantApplications), which has been coordinated by our Insti-tute, GaLoROI (Galileo Localization for Railway OperationInnovation), which has been coordinated by our spin-offcompany IQST and SATLOC (Satellite-based Operationand Management of Local Low Traffic Lines). Togetherwith the EU-Project AUTOMAIN for railway maintenancewe are highly visible in rail transportation research. Alloutcomes of these projects provided theoretical solutionsand technical devices in real operation - a reason thatI was awarded with the transport championship of theEuropean Comission in 2014.

Our scientific aim, to include design to safety and more-over also security already in the first phases of system de-sign, we appreciate to apply this approach within the next

generation of ETCS by the openETCS-project on the rail-way sde and in some industrial project towards automatedvehicles on the road traffic side.

For more conciseterminologicalrigor in engineer-ing, a source ofmisunderstanding,especially in teimportant earlyphases of systemdevelopment, wecontinue our in-tensive work forterminology man-gagement, mainlyin national fundedprojects, like Standort and SmartTerms, writing new stan-dards as the VDI-Guideline 4001, but also as appreciatedmembers of several national and international stan-dardisation commitees of DIN, VDI and CEN, which aresupported by our advancd web-available software tool iglos.

Our strong international cooperation has developedcontinuously well. Two of our chinese governmentgranted guest scientist received their Dr.-Ing. and Prof.Zheng Wei, now Vice Director of the Rail Traffic SafetyResearch Center of the Beijing Jiaotong (Transportation)University visited us as an Alexander von HumboldtFellow in 2014.

Responding to the impact of MIT professor NancyLavesons System theoretic accident modelling processSTAMP-workshop in USA, we founded the first EuropeeanSTAMP-workshop in May 2013 with great partionshipfrom the eurasian hemisphere and participate on itsnow 2nd event as part of the national computer-sciencecongress 2014 in Stuttgart.

Our lectures based on traffic safety, safety engineering,and transportation engineering have a strong systemtheoretic foundation in control systems and linguisticstructuralism, which provides a good base for practicalapplications. These approaches have been incorporatedinto the first book on traffic safety (Verkehrssicherheit)in German language, published recently by Springer in2013. Our curriculum on Reliability and Safety currentlyincludes now four modules which complie with the

1 Preface 3

VDI-Guideline 4002-1/2 on reliability engineering.

Automation is not only a basic science for transportationand its operational safety, but also for other applications,such as home automation. Our SmallCAN project alloweslow-energy and low-cost dependable wired bus communi-cation, providing successful applications in- and outsideour university buildings.

The Vehicle Research Centre Niedersachsen [Nieder-sächsisches Forschungszentrum Fahrzeugtechnik], NFF,which we are one of ist foundation members, gets cur-rently a new physical home. Located at the researchairport Braunschweig-Wolfsburg, the NFF building hoststhere all direcly traffic related institutes. We are satisfiedto move already in Septmber 2014, where our Institute islocated in its 2nd floor.

Our bi-annual Conference FORMS / FORMAT is anexcellent example for the promotion of advanced meansof description, methods, tools, and applications in groundtransportation. We are proud to celebrate now its 10thevent in Braunschweig end of September 2014 and thatour new NFF-Building will host our international par-ticipants. Continuing this event we celebrate our 25 thintitute’s anniversary, which will be introduced with mylast lecture.

Looking back on nearly 60 successful graduates towhom our scientific and personal contacts are intensivelycultivated, we are very satisfied with our one quarter ofa century lasting iVA research and academic education.Along with our intensive relations to our research partnerswithin our faculty and university, and outside, (NFF DLR[Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt], BJTU[Beijing Jiaotong University], our spin-off iQST [Institutefor Quality, Safety and Transportation GmbH]), andregional as well as international partners from industryand transport economy, we feel best suited to reach new,interesting, and challenging horizons of traffic safety andautomation engineering.

By reading this report, I hope to inspire new ideasand provide information for fruitful and intellectualdiscussions and scientific exchange in future with mysuccessor.

Prof.Dr.-Ing.Dr.h.c.mult.Eckehard Schnieder

Contents

2 History and Development ofthe Institute

The control engineering competence of iVA has along tradition in Braunschweig. Prof. A. Kuhlenkampstarted the first scientific work on control engineeringin Braunschweig during the forties of the last century.The Institut für Feinwerk- und Regelungstechnik (Institute forPrecision Mechanics and Control Engineering, IfFR) wasfounded in 1956 by Prof. Kuhlenkamp as the first head ofthe institute. He was followed by Prof. H. Schier and Prof.A. Richter who directed the institute until 1989.

The research on automation engineering was rebuilt in1989, this part of the former IfFR was integrated into theInstitut für Regelungs- und Automatisierungstechnik (Institutefor Control and Automation Engineering, IfRA) directedby of Prof. Schnieder. The research on precision me-chanics was integrated into the Institute for Microtechnologywhich was founded in 1989 as well.

Based on the competences in the field of traffic engi-neering of IfRA and TU Braunschweig the institute wasrededicated under the leadership of Prof. Schnieder tothe Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering. Inparallel the Institute of Transportation Systems at the GermanAerospace Center (DLR) was founded in 2001, directed byour former scientist Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Lemmer.

Beside the following reorientation and development oftraffic safety as further area of work the former activities ofIfRA in the area of automation engineering, especially traf-fic automation and transport automation, were continuedand intensified. Accordingly, the iVA is on the one handbased on a tradition of many years in systems engineeringof mechanical engineering in Braunschweig; on the otherhand it is dedicated to consider current general scientifictopics and developments in ground transportation.

With the new emphasis on traffic safety the research andeducation is focused on ground transportation. This goesin hand with the continuation of automation and controlbased on the systematic correlation between traffic, safetyand reliability as well as automation engineering in itsscientific generic approach. Therefore the scientific mainfocus of the institute is on the three areas of traffic safetyand automation, vehicle safety and automation as well assystemics and cooperation, extended by their terminology as afourth column.

Since 2008 iVA is a founding member of the AutomotiveResearch Centre Niedersachsen (NFF) and furthermore of thenon-academic association Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS) Niedersachsen. Both aim to strengthen Braunschweigas main region for transport technology and research inEurope.

Focussing the technical domain of both road and railtransportation and expected challenges in safety includ-ing security in line with increasing traffic automation ourinstitute will concentrate on traffic automation and traf-fic safety, as our faculty offered the new professorship insucceeding Prof. Schnieder in 2014.

2 History and Development of the Institute 7

3 Staff of the InstituteHead of Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. Eckehard Schnieder

Academic councilor Dr.-Ing. Uwe Becker

Research Associates M.A. Susanne ArndtDipl.-Ing. Patrick DiekhakeIng. Federico Grasso Toro until 09/2014Dipl. Wirtsch.-Ing. René Sebastian HosseB.Sc. Mensur Islami until 07/2014Dipl.-Ing. Tamás KurczveilDipl.-Ing. Hansjörg ManzDipl.-Ing. Felix ReinboldM.A. Dieter SchnäppDr. phil. Christian Stein until 03/2013M.Sc. Dirk SpiegelDipl.-Ing. Geltmar von BuxhoevedenDr.-Ing. Marco Wegener until 01/2014Dipl. Wirtsch.-Ing. Jan WelteM.A. Ayse Yurdakul

Visiting Scientists M.Sc. Jieyu LiuM.Sc. Debiao Lu until 07/2014

M.A. Tatyana ShevelevaDipl.-Geogr. Jürg SuterM.Sc. Daohua WuAssoc.Prof.Dr. Wei ZhengB. Sc. Yi Liu until 07/2013

Quality Management Dipl.-Phys. Arno G. Schielke

IT-Support Dipl.-Phys. Arno G. SchielkeFabian Neu until 09/2014

Office Sylvia GlowaniaManuela SeedorffLinda VölknerNadine Schwarz until 06/2013Nils Schomburg until 06/2014Sabrina Ulbrich until 07/2013Regine Stegemann until 08/2013

3 Staff of the Institute 9

Apprentices Christopher Böhm until 06/2013Kevin Nick DiakowskiSven Dierke until 12/2013Jonas KronhardtSimon Lüddecke until 06/2013Fabian SchaperSven Schulze until 05/2013

Technical Staff Andreas Siepmann

Workshop Staff Joachim TalkRalf KarstenMichael Wiegand

External Teaching Staff Prof. Dr.-Ing. Yongjian DingMagdeburg-Stendal University of Applied SciencesInstitute for Control Engineering and AutomationSystems

Dr. Gunther HeiderALSTOM Transport Deutschland GmbH

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten LemmerDLR - Institute of Transportation Systems

Dr.-Ing. Jörg MayInbetriebnahme Gesellschaft Transporttechnik GmbH(IGT)

Dr.-Ing. Michael Meyer zu HörsteDLR - Institute of Transportation Systems

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel MunackJohan Heinrich von Thünen InstitutInstitute for Agricultural Technology and BiosystemsEngineering

4 General overview of the Insti-tute4.1 Aims of the InstituteTraffic safety means to protect humans, goods and ourenvironment from all dangers caused by traffic. Trafficsafety is ethically required and economically successful.Traffic safety is created by many spheres and factors ofinfluence in an extreme complex synergy, for examplethrough individual persons and groups of persons,through technique legislation and environment and moreand more by aspects of security both in operation and indevelopment.

Our institute has the intention to contribute to trafficsafety including security through scientific research andacademic theory. This demand compares to the Europeanaims in the white book of EU/automotive industry andthe intention of many institutes working in these fieldslike the European Road Federation (ERF) of the EuropeanRailway Research Advisory Council (ERRAC), the trafficsafety initiative of the European Union(e-Safety) and the German automobile industry (VDA).By joining the Road-Safety-Charta we have committedourselves to concrete targets and contributions.

We understand traffic as a linked up system of cooper-ating elements and processes and want to tackle this com-plex matter basically in a context manner. From this van-tage point our research subdivides into three main sub-jects: the application-oriented fields vehicle and traffic safetyand vehicle and traffic automation as well as theoretic and ab-stract fundamental principles of the systemic and cooperationsystems including their terminology.

4.2 Scientific Approach of theInstitute

Traffic safety is a global term of wide comprehension,which has to be on one side carefully analysed and spec-ified before academic treatment but in particular method-ically developed on the other side. Based on a concep-tual structure of traffic safety the institute is developing anoverall academic concept.

Aspects of Traffic Safety

Traffic is the most complex form of expression for mobilesocieties which primarily comprises human, engineering,economical, political, environmental and scientific aspectsas shown in figure ??. Figure ?? and figure ?? are show-

Figure 4.1: Aspects and Periphery of Traffic

ing schematic diagrams from the areas Traffic and Safety.

Figure 4.2: Schematic Diagram of the Traffic System

The difficulty to find an academic overall approach for thesubject Traffic Safety consists of the conceptual vagueness ofthe wide terminological scope of the areas (domains) Trafficand Safety which results in the deductive complexity of thediverse single aspects.

4 General overview of the Institute 11

Figure 4.3: Safety as an Emergent Aspect

Conceptual ApproachFor the scientific concept there are two different underly-ing ideas available which are based on a shared structuraland methodical approach.

Regarding to the time consideration concept and underthe device ,,learning for the future from past events” theapproach can be distinguished between:

Analytic-retrospective: Scientific inventory and casestudies for safety relevant concerns are used for thepurpose of ranking and frequency analysis. Resultingsafety actions are usually causes and symptom avoid-ance, rules or often passive protections. These safetyprecautions are counted amongst passive safety.

Synthetic/Constructive-prospective: Necessary trans-port functions are already constructed in a safety-related respectively safety-orientated manner. Withthe help of more efficient information processing thesafe transport business can be furthermore activelyplanned and controlled in the future.

Safety can be divided into individual rudiments on oneside and collective rudiments on the other side.

Individually-autonomic: Traffic Safety will be imple-mented by vehicle-mounted facilities. Based on thesuccess of passive measures on mechanical energyconsuming vehicle constructions, more and more ac-tive measures (driver assistant systems) with upgradedautomation become in use where at the autonomy ofthe individual vehicle always comes first.

Collective-cooperative: Up to now collective ap-proaches for traffic safety were realized off-linerule-based and on-line by active driveway sided signalassets. The only way of on-line collective feedbackresponsibility is gained by human high complex

sensors and intelligent information liability in con-nection with the vehicle acuators. Even so, humansprove to be more and more safety-critical elementswithin the traffic exploration. On the one handrisk can be reduced constructively by technical highredundant multi sensors and information processingon the vehicle. On the other hand there are newforms of traffic organisation conceivable by the use ofdecentralised communication possibilities betweenvehicles and the exchange of local vehicle mounteddetermined traffic condition information, all match-ing with biologic paragons of system organisation.

Regarding progression of the outlined conceptual ap-proach suitable models are needed which can be describedwith the keywords state models, self organised structuralchanging control systems, decentralised structures andagent concepts. A very good methodical basis is given byadvanced concepts of control engineering and artificial in-telligence.

Structural ApproachA classic approach for the understanding of technical andalso other systems is system theory. Within the actual de-velopment system theory experiences decisive enhance-ments:

for the analytic-formal treatment of complex dynam-ics (continuous-discreet behaviour, stochastic andnonlinear-chaotic behaviour),

for integrating conceptual-pragmatic attributes (forexample the perception concept of reliability whichincludes safety),

for the structural organisation through object orien-tation with formalism,

for coming along with an attractive developmentof adequate description facilities and computerizedtools in the academic and industrial range.

If traffic is regarded as a model in a complex dynamicsystem with a high dimensional state space, safety can bedefined as a desirable or excluding feature by excludingundesirable and incorrect conditions. The exclusion ofharmful safety conditions can therefore, on one hand:

be modelled

based on that model, be analytically examined

And on the other hand:

be constructive realization of the model (passivesafety),

12 4.2 Scientific Approach of the Institute

realization of control and supervisory facilities (activesafety) be automated and through,

conception and realization of new traffic forms orproduction concepts be achieved under the usage ofcontrol facilities.

The basis of this system theoretical modelling offers there-fore the approach for an integrated improvement of trafficsafety. If the existing single approaches are modelled in theright manner, which means using an integration or trans-formation capable model concept, it is on this basis evenpossible that a combination can take place. Theoretical ap-proaches are already developed in the context of the DFGfocus programmes (KONDISK, SPEZI), which now seemsto be a promising methodical basis.

Methodical ApproachAccording to the amount of aspects of traffic safety acomplete penetration of this theme can only be achievedfrom the conceptual thematic side; but only genericallyevaluated in practice. The conceptual structure is the basisfor suitability and the selection of the model concepts.

Within the scaling from abstract to concrete the follow-ing ranking applies:

Conceptual-thematic capture and terminologicalstructure

Development or selection of model concepts, integra-tion of model concepts

Formalisation of the model concepts

Progress of theoretical formal models as object ofstudy and development of research methods

Research by simulation and analyses

Development of simulators and demonstrators,benchmark and behaviour models, virtual realitysimulators, human in the loop, real time demonstra-tors

Development of a testing instrumentation fordemonstrators, real experiments and in-situ exam-inations (for example measuring equipments andmeasuring vehicles).

In this process three methodological key aspects are re-markable:

Theoretical Examination. Theoretical research for trafficsafety is carried out on the base of formal techniques whichare: means of description (Beschreibungsmittel), methods(Methoden) and tools (Werkzeuge). This combination isalso known as BMW-concept. They especially enable the

conceptual and theoretical integration of the various ap-proaches. By realising the integration with coupled mod-els, cooperative data processors and tools which can be ge-ographically distributed and linked via the internet, com-pletely novel possibilities are coming up to analyse com-plex systems in the field of traffic safety. This researchmethod furthermore allows the inclusion of original com-ponents or systems. Human participation in transport canbe included into the research, too. With this method inter-esting fields of safety related research becomes accessiblein a complex closed line of conceptual model analysis andsimulations of real experiments up to the fictional and ac-tual operation integration.

Terminology Management. Transparent modelling of theexuberant diversity of connected domain specific languageis in the focus of this methodological key aspect. The ob-jective is to create a software platform which can serve as abase for modelling various terminologies of different sci-entific domains and businesses. As part of this work a newterminology management system will be developed on thebase of a newly developed sign model. This terminologymanagement allows to map terminologies more detailedand interconnectedly than possible up to now. We focusespecially the difficulties of linguistic relations like syn-onyms, homonyms, overlap between domain specific lan-guages, meaning similarities and several possible transla-tions. Through the intensive discussion of various theo-ries, a sign-related model has been developed. This was al-ways done with a particular view to practical problems andproblems of existing systems enabling a further develop-ment and a permanent software improvement.

Experimental Examination. Studies with simulators,demonstrators and test vehicles as well as systematicevaluation of events of damage are practical componentsfor scientific studies under real conditions. Scaled sim-ulators of road and rail traffic and the integration ofcomponents of traffic control systems enable real timeservice-based research on safety relevant properties withspecific reproducible conditions. By using independentmeasurement platforms and reference state generatorscharacteristic traffic measures can be assessed in realtraffic environment. Therefore appropriate test vehicleshave to be equipped and designed. This enables theacquisition of data on the one hand even in traffic flowand the testing of safety measures, concepts and facilitiesin real environment on the other hand. The systematicevaluation and analysis of documented events of damagein traffic are in turn an excellent base for validation andparameterization of the theoretical modelling.

Main Topics and ChallengesIn addition to the extension and adaption of necessary sys-temic and theoretical foundations including cooperativesystems, the following issues shall be examined:

4 General overview of the Institute 13

Safety properties, potentials and risks of automationand assistant systems in land transport. In this field aparticular focus will be on the interactions of local andglobal functions as well as the technical and humanfunctions.

Economic and legal issues concerning the expansiondegree, the heterogeneity, the migration and the com-mitment of supervision as well as the financing be-long to the context of safety relevance. The individualand collective field as well as localization of organisa-tional responsibilities are especially focused.

Improving safety by information and communicationtechniques in terms of various criteria of traffic safety.The objective is the inherent stabilisation of trafficflows in the sense of a highly decentralized imple-mentation and automated execution of a closed con-ceptual approach. The organisational concept whichhas to be theoretically founded is based on coopera-tive systems of nature (e.g. flocks of birds) and tech-nology (e.g. agent systems). Its objectives are safety-driven forms of traffic operations.

Methodical analysis and qualification of traffic man-agement and security systems in connection to qualityassurance and its development. This issue includesthe research of practical formal techniques to con-struct and verify reliable and safe systems in connec-tion with the development of safety relevant require-ments. The objective is to generate safety already dur-ing the development process.

Equipment to realize traffic safety can be qualifiedby experimental measurements. This requires boththeoretical and methodological tools on a metrologi-cal and measurement theoretical base. Experimental-technical conditions have to be created for this pur-pose (test vehicle, test track).

Systematic collection and analysis of accident reportsfrom the domains of railway and road traffic withmethods of data mining. Identification of alternativequantification characteristics which can be used inde-pendent economic evaluations of the frequency andextent of damages having a general significance.

Specific examples for road safety facilities are distancewarn equipment, track guidance systems, congestionwarnings as well as prognosis. The methodologicalapproach for the qualification is the neutrality of ourinstitute within the university as well as the organi-sational independence of development and qualifica-tion institutions.

Growing problems with the terminology of automa-tion technology have led to an intensive analysis of

principle terminological questions. The focus of re-search is on reducing ambiguity and vagueness inspecific technical language systematically. This willlead to a higher quality of communication and subse-quently to a lower error rate. As part of an interdisci-plinary approach linguistic, terminological, informa-tion technology, engineering, psychological and me-dia science perspectives are included to obtain a newperspective on terminological work.

5 Education Program5.1 Overview

Lectures and Tutorials in the Winter and Sommer SemesterTraffic Safety and Automation

Traffic Engineering1 K. Lemmer, E. Schnieder,G. von Buxhoeveden

Traffic Control Engineering1 E. Schnieder, K. Lemmer, J. WelteTraffic Safety Engineering E. Schnieder, G. von Buxhoeveden

Vehicle Safety and AutomationModern Methods for Vehicle Control U. Becker, F. Grasso ToroRailway Vehicles G. Heider, J. Welte

Railway Vehicle Technology E. Schnieder, M. Meyer zu Hörste,G. Heider, J. May, J. Welte

Transport and Vehicle Metrology E. Schnieder, D. SpiegelReliability and Safety

Reliability Engineering (VDI 4002 Modul 1,2) E. Schnieder, D. Lu, T. KurczveilRisk Modelling for Engineers (VDI 4002 Modul 3) E. Schnieder, F. Grasso ToroTechnical Safety (VDI 4002 Modul 8) E. Schnieder, Y. Ding, F. Reinbold

Automation EngineeringAutomation Engineering U. Becker, P. DiekhakeAutomation Engineering 3 - Internship 2 U. Becker, F. Reinbold, T. KurczveilAutomation Engineering 4 - Design of Automation Systems K. Lemmer, U. Becker

Control EngineeringIntroduction to Control Engineering E. Schnieder, F. ReinboldControl Engineering 2 U. Becker, R.S. Hosse, F. ReinboldParameter Estimation and Adaptive Control Systems A. Munack, F. Reinbold

LaboratoriesLaboratory for Control Engineering F. ReinboldLaboratory for Automotive Engineering F. ReinboldSummer Camp3 F. Reinbold, P. Diekhake

Seminars / ColloquiaSeminar: Traffic Safety and AutomationBraunschweiger Verkehrskolloquium1

1 in cooperation with the German Aerospace Center (DLR), (Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lemmer).

2 in cooperation with the Institute for Robotics and Process Control and the Institute for Production Technology andthe Institute for Control Engineering.

3 in cooperation with the Institute of Control Engineering, the Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems, andVolkswagen AG

5 Education Program 15

5.2 Traffic Safety andAutomation

Traffic Engineering (2L 2E)

The contents of this introductory class covers subjectssuch as:

Transportation and mobility: Terminology, defini-tions, and parameters.

Traffic systemization: Traffic object, means of trans-port, and traffic routes.

Means of transportation: Road vehicles, trains, freighttransport by train, by road, by vessels, etc.

Production concept: Routing techniques,block train,single wagon freight transport, and cargo freight cen-ter.

Traffic organisation: Traffic network, network theory,plannuing, control and safety techniques, telemetry.

Traffic physics: Traffic dynamics, modelling fromtraffic flows, flow dynamics, traffic distribution, andtraffic control.

Traffic safety: Active and passive safety in vehicles,safety through traffic flow, and risk analysis.

Traffic economics and law: Costs, laws and avails,StVO, EBO, CENELEC, etc.

At the end of the course, the students possess knowl-edge concerning the specific terminology and modellingconcepts for each transport mode. They possess knowl-edge concerning terminology, regulations, laws andinternational standards. The students possess knowledgeconcerning physical, technological and operational basicsof traffic means and infrastructure for all transport modes,including their operating behaviour. On top of this, thestudents will be competent in developing dynamic modelson the basis of microscopic physical models throughaggregated flow models. The students are able to replicateand examine behaviours using simulation models. Theorganizational forms for automotive, railway and aviationtraffic operation will also be taught. The students canevaluate the influence of traffic occurrences.

Traffic Control Engineering (2L 1E)

Goal of this course is the control of complex trafficflows on the road and by rail. The course offers primarilya function oriented traffic flow technique, which is inde-pendent from changes in technology. A solid basis in thesubject matter is given, from design to realization using

actual systems, which are very complex.

Four steps determine the tasks and structures of trafficcontrol systems:

Individual vehicle control and information manage-ment

Traffic flow control

Node control

Operational and network management

During this course the students gain knowledge overfunctions, structure and technologies for traffic controlsystems, comparing roadway and railway systems. Theylearn about the various forms of sensor, localizationsignaling and communication systems and how they areused for traffic flow and note control. They can acquire,calculate and evaluate the capabilities of various controlfunctions and algorithms related to the control system.They are able to analyse the traffic control influences onindividual vehicle motion in a traffic flow and to comparedifferent strategies for network and fleet management inboth mono and multi-modal networks.

Traffic Safety Engineering (2L 1E)

This course makes clear the highly complex interac-tions of the many factors, roles, institutions concerninginfluence chains and processes in order to gain an un-derstanding of their complexity. This includes objectiveand subjective involvement, as well as a sceptical view ofthe announcements from media, and a feeling for im-plementing technical, individual, personal and organiza-tional measures. This also includes an understanding ofdetermined individual dynamics. The following questionsare answered as part of the lecture:

What does traffic safety mean?

What do we understand about traffic safety?

How is traffic safety defined?

16 5.3 Vehicle Safety and Automation

Where do we find traffic safety?

The students gain an overview of the various jurisdic-tions and responsibilities in traffic systems. Therefore thestudents are proficient in the professional terminology fortraffic safety as a conceptual basis in context to legislation,risk research and traffic engineering and understand theinteractions of the legal mechanisms, from law creationthrough operative control in an international context.They can use the methods, in order to qualitatively andquantitatively calculate traffic safety parameters fromempirical and statistical data, which are obtained throughtests and measurements or models of traffic situations.They understand the safety relevant connections betweentraffic infrastructure, means of transportation, trafficorganization and traffic control, as well as their organiza-tional and technical aspects.Furthermore a one day Colloquium for Traffic Safety ishosted during which the students present the researchthey have worked on over the time of the course concern-ing an issue in the field of traffic safety. In addition thestudents can participate in a safety training for drivers toget practical experience about safe driving and present afinal Colloquium.

5.3 Vehicle Safety andAutomation

Modern Methods for Vehicle Control (2L 1E)

The lecture deals with the view of the complete systemof vehicle-driver-environment (individual and guidedtransportation), description of the vehicle movement(longitudinal, lateral and vertical dynamic, power train),system description and modeling, modern control meth-ods, introduction to robust control basics (norms andsignals, pertubation, robust stability and performance,H2/H∞-control, µ-Synthesis, QFT), adaptive control, state

control, predictive control as well as the representation ofthe methods with actual examples from the field of vehicletechnology.

Railway Vehicles (1L)

The lecture deals with: History, basics of traveling onrails, chassis suspension, drivetrains, braking systems,couplings, bodies/interiors and electrical equipment.

Railway Vehicle Technologies (1V 1E)

The lecture deals with: Rolling Stock, vehicle compo-nents, traction and engines and traffic control. Studentswill acquire skills in the design, engineering and construc-tion of rail vehicles.

In addition to the incorporation into the historical de-velopment of the rail vehicle technology, students learn therelationships between vehicle operation and traffic routesand infrastructure can describe mathematical foundations.

The placement of the system structure with the con-sideration of interfaces, vehicle components, as well aspropulsion and auxiliary enterprises are objectives of thelecture. Normative bases for the operation and registrationof the vehicles are to be mastered by the students.

In the accompanying lecture and practical exercise andpossibly excursion, students learn the practical calculationwith respect to rolling stock components know and be ableto grapple with technical specialists from the rail vehicletechnology.

After an introduction to the lecture the basics of RailwayEngineering Students will be taught shortly. The lectureis divided into the following four dominant sections. Thefirst section deals with the "rolling stock" - the system "railvehicle" - the themes car body, interior and ride comfortare considered in more depth. Static calculations, acousticinterpretations and vibration behaviour are components ofthe lecture.

In the second section, the individual components of therail vehicle to be examined in more depth. Topics suchas landing gear, wheel and vehicle running, brake systems,tilting technology as well as the drive and power transmis-sion are components of the lecture and practical exercise.

The third section deals with the energy conversion andcontrol in rail vehicles. Here supplementary componentsfor rail vehicles, such as pantographs, fuel tanks, powerconversion equipment, safety devices, etc. are considered.

In another section, the considerations of security andnormative bases for the operation and registration of ve-hicles to be worked out. Learning content of the exercisesare independent calculations of students with assistanceto vehicle vibrations based on the driving comfort, energyconversion and traction power calculations for train travel.

In two accompanying excursions will test what they have


learned in preparation taught

Traffic and Vehicle Metrology (2L 1E)

Measurement accompanied us in our daily lives. Con-sciously perceived partly, partly invisible, the measure-ment technique is the basis for a wide range of choices.Measurement accompanied us while shopping, in thehome and in residential construction, in medicine for se-curing and preserving our health and wherever somethingneeds to be settled. Measurement technology is a prereq-uisite for many of the technologies that would otherwisenot be implemented. Measure is to know, and knowledgeis the basis for decisions.

Introduction: problem definition, definitions, di-mensions and measurement systems, and measuringchains.

Metrological Fundamentals: measurement uncer-tainties, expected value, standard deviation.

Characteristics of sensors: measuring task, measuredvalues, measurement principles, evaluation methods,interfaces, linearity, designs, application range, etc.

Typical measurement parameters: displacement, ve-locity, acceleration, pressure, currents, etc; as wellas sensor technologies, such as incremental encoder,radar, camera, beacons, etc.

Methods of the sensor data fusion and On-Board Di-agnostics

Students gain a deeper insight into the theory and appli-cation of measurement technology in the automotive in-dustry. Both, the classical aspects of electrical measure-ment technology and the modern methods of measure-ment such as imaging sensors, are covered. Latter recentlyfound its application in automotive engineering. The aimof the lecture is to build a bridge from measurement engi-neering to the further processing of data in control and au-tomation engineering. The teaching scale is supplementedand reflected with many practical examples from the auto-motive sector.

5.4 Reliability and SafetyReliability Engineering (2L 1E)

After completing this course, the students will havedeveloped knowledge concerning the terminology, de-scription processes, methods, and tools for reliabilityengineering. Furthermore, they will have acquired the ex-pertise to use statistical parameters for reliability, and theywill have received an overview of the many distribution

functions, which can be used to help describe system andcomponent failures. The students will be able to conductprobability calculations and parameter estimations.

They will also acquire knowledge for determiningthe reliability of complex systems, which consist of sev-eral individual components. The students can developsystem reliability models and their parameters usingwell-established means of description, methods and tools.Based on this, they are able to make design decisions basedon reliability. They can evaluate system properties basedon reliability measurements, error tolerance structures,and reserve and maintenance strategies.

The scope of this course covers the Modules 1 and 2 ofthe VDI 4002 guideline. Its completion can therefore becounted as a basic prerequisite to qualify the students asreliability engineers according to the VDI.

Risk Modelling for Engineers (Block Lecture)

The objective of this lecture is to provide the teachingcontent of the module 3 of the Directive VDI-4002, relia-bility engineer. Here is a selection of advanced methodsof technical reliability, presented in detail with a focus onPetri nets. Using these methods, the students will becomethoroughly familiar with both different structural analysisas well as analysis methods based on simulation. The riskmodeling in particular and the treatment of uncertaintyis generally learnt first by the introduction of stochasticPetri net classes and the Monte-Carlo simulation method.

The aim of this lecture is to provide - apart from a pro-found Petri net knowledge and the necessary stochasticfoundations - other methods for modeling of risk anduncertainty.

After completion of this course, the students will havean overview about analysis methods and simulation tools

18 5.5 Automation Engineering

Figure 5.1: Petri net example

for Petri Nets, Markov Chains, Neural Networks and BayesNetworks. The scope of this course covers Module 3 ofthe VDI 4002 guideline. Its completion can therefore becounted as a basic prerequisite to qualify the students asreliability engineers according to the VDI.

Technical Safety (2L 1E)

Based on VDI 4002 Module 8, this lecture focuses on theacquisition of knowledge of the fundamentals of safety en-gineering, the methodology of safety analysis and risk as-sessment. The knowledge will transferred with the follow-ing contents, developed for the education of reliability en-gineers:

Fundamentials of safety analysis

Fundamentials of risk assessment

Industrial-sector-specific measures

Preliminary/potential hazard analysis (PHA)

Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA)

Other safety analysis and risk assessment methods

Probabilistic safety analysis resp. probabilistic risk as-sessment

Safety plan and safety case

The students achieve knowledge to deal with safety anal-ysis. They get a clear understanding in the basic terms ofsafety and can use them in different ways. In addition tothat, they learn methods with which they are able to per-form safety examinations that fulfill the requirements ofstandards and they know how to document their results.In addition to requirements for documentation, studentslearn to work with risk acceptence criteria on which theycan base their decisions.

5.5 Automation EngineeringAutomation Engineering (2L 1E)

The scope of this course covers the basic terms andtask of automation. The students are able to understandthe objectives of automation engineering. The studentswill have developed knowledge concerning technicalprocesses, structure of process coupling and processcontrolling. The course also conveys the knowledge aboutinformation in technical processes, computing systemsfor automation, information in automation systems,requirements for control processes, real time operation,process programming languages, organization, allocationand communication structure and dynamic system be-haviour.

Automation Engineering 3 - Internship

The placement of Automation is a joint event of theFaculties of Engineering, Electrical and Computer En-gineering and Mathematics and computer science. Thefollowing experiences are carried out as part of the intern-ship:

1: Computer aided design of an automation system2: implementing automation tasks with a PLC3: Modeling and simulation of robots4: Robot Programming5: NC programming production of a three-part6: Control of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) under areal-time operating system

All these experiences take place in the Institute forTraffic Safety and Automation Engineering, the Institutefor Robotics and Process Control computer science, theInstitute for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technol-ogy, and the Department of Control Engineering.

Automation Engineering 4 - Design of AutomatedSystems


The students get an overview about the design ofautomated systems, focusing on factors that influence thedesign of automation systems and the measures in projectmanagement that can be used to achieve the projectobjectives in terms of quality, schedule and cost. Factorssuch as the organizational structures and involved groupsof people, but also marketing and legal issues are brieflyexplained.Students will gain an overview of usable methods andboundary conditions to be observed. The managementsystems for project management, quality assurance andconfigurations with their tasks explained. Students will beable to construct consistent example device by methodsand procedures learnt during the lecture.

5.6 Control EngineeringIntroduction to Control Engineering (2L 1E)

This introduction course presents the following sub-jects:

Fundamentals of Control Engineering and dynami-cal systems (block diagrams, control and regulation,Payter’sches square).

System modeling and analysis (linear and non-linearsystems, mathematical methods, linear ODE)

Representation in the time, frequency and image area(transfer function, Fourier and Laplace transforma-tion, locus, Bode diagram)

Dynamic behavior of recognizable transmission links(impulse and step response, frequency response)

State space description of linear and nonlinear sys-tems

Control structures (control loop)

System properties (stability, controllability, observ-ability and identifiability)

Method for controller design and parameteriza-tion (P-Regulations, Regulations PD-I-Regulations, PIcontroller

The aim of the course is a basic understanding ofregulatory principles of the methods and means of de-scription to convey. Students will learn the modelingsystem dynamic function structures know to judge frombehaviors and calculate. To this end, they acquire theskills to handle the classical description means in contin-uous and discrete time and frequency ranges with theirrespective transformations. The ability to transfer genericmodeling concepts of control theory to concrete examples

of mobility and transport is an important objective of theentire course.

Control Engineering II (2L 1E)

This course goes deeper the following subjects of controltheory:

Design of complex control loops

Simplified plants, feedback, cascade control, distur-bance feedforward control.

Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems

Decoupling

Nonlinear control systems

Two and three position controllers

State Space Descriptions

Fuzzy-Methods

Time-Optimal Control

Digital Control Systems

Nonlinear Dynamics

After conclusion of this course, the students will gainwell-established knowledge concerning linear controlsystems and some nonlinear processes and descriptionmethods from nonlinear control systems, as well as indi-vidual elements for implementing these methods. Theylearn about the methodologies for complex, networkedsystems and can use these processes for the descriptionand control of such systems.

Parameter Estimation and Adaptive Control Systems(2L)

When one works with dynamic system models, it is al-most always required to change some (or many) model pa-rameters so that the model behaviour is consistent withthat of the given system. This process is called parameteridentification or parameter estimation. In this course, aset of proper and effective algorithms are derived and dis-cussed. In conjunction with control algorithms, self tun-ing or permanently adaptive controllers are also analysed.

The contents in this course are:

Parameter estimation for static, linear systems

Parameter estimation for nonlinear, dynamic systems

Identifiability of parameters

Adaptive control according to the Open-Loop-Feedback-Optimal (OLFO) Process

20 5.7 Laboratories

Basic concepts for stochastic processes

Controllers for systems with stochastic disturbances

Parameter estimation for linear dynamic systems us-ing

Least Squares estimators

Adaptive control

Generalized predictive control

At the conclusion of this course, the students havelearned about the important processes for parameterestimation and adaptive control. They will be preparedto evaluate algorithms based on their capabilities and tochoose and implement the proper algorithm for the givenproblem.

5.7 LaboratoriesLaboratory for Control Engineering

The laboratory for control engineering consists of 4experiments:

Experiment 1: simulation and controler design. Fol-lowing an introduction into the simulation softwareMATLAB/SIMULINK, a permanent-magnet DC-motor ismodelled. Afterwards Pi controller is derived and testedat the model of the motor.

Experiment 2: non linear temperature control. Afteran introduction into the control principle of harmonicbalance, which is a method of non-linear control, thedescriptive function of a two-point controller with hys-teresis is ascertained. With the aid of this information atemperature control is realised.

Experiment 3: Control of a TDI motor. This experimentis carried out in cooperation with the IAV GmbH. An elec-tronic idling-cycle-speed-control is derived by symmetricoptimum and implemented into a motor control device(ECU). Afterwards the control law is practically tested in avehicle.

Experiment 4: Control test bed with cascade control.Following an introduction into cascade control and intothe control simulator of the Institute for Traffic Safety andAutomation Engineering (iVA), experimental inspectionsare conducted and control parameters are ascertained ona test bed.

Laboratory for Automotive Engineering

Specialist laboratory specializing in automotive engi-neering (diploma and master’s degree program). Each ofthe five subject area forming Institute offers two labora-tory tests. Institute of Automotive Engineering (IAE), Insti-tute of Agricultural Machinery and Fluid Power (ILF), Insti-tute for Verkehrsssicherheit and Automation (iVA), Insti-tute for Verbrennungskraftmaschienen (ivb), and Instituteof Transportation Systems (TS / DLR)

1. Friction studies of steering gears (IfF)

2. Determination of the vertical vibration response of amotor vehicle (IfF)

3. hybrid transmission structures for mobile machines(ILF)

4. dynamics studies on a mobile machine (ILF)

5. Model-based development and automated test of adoor control device (iVA)

6. Control of a TDI engine on the example of the idlecontroller (iVA)

7. Emission-related parameters on the diesel engine(ivb)

8. Emission-related parameters on a gasoline engine(ivb)

9. Car-to-X communication as an enabling technologyfor cooperative driver assistance systems and theirimpact on driver behavior (TS / DLR)

10. Determination of the capability of a railroad (TS /DLR)

Summer Camp

In the SummerCamp distributed car comfort systemsare developed in competing teams. According to the AU-TOSAR standard different functions like a window lifterand a central locking are programmed. The developmentprocess is based on the V-Model, starting with the defi-nition of requirements, followed by the system architec-ture and the technical design, and finishing with the im-plementation of the comfort systems. The fulfillment ofall requirements is validated by integration and accep-tance tests. Apart from the technical tasks additional chal-lenges, like status presentations in front of the manage-ment board, have to be mastered. These are designed toprepare the participants of the SummerCamp to cope withbusiness requirements in large companies. Furthermore,the summer camp is supported by presentations from wellknown companies. Insight and practical experience in thefollowing areas are provided:

Development process for networked embedded sys-tems


AUTOSAR standard and methodology

Tools for requirements management, architecture de-sign and modeling

Model-based development via V-Model

Project Management

5.8 External ExercisesThe external exercises were conducted during the lectures(s. section ??).The following companies were visited bygroups of up to 20 students on different occasions:

Hafenbetriebsgesellschaft Braunschweig mbH,Braunschweig

Volkswagen AG, Werk Braunschweig

DB Regio AG Region Nord, Braunschweig

DHL Home Delivery GmbH, Braunschweig

SIEMENS Mobility Division

DLR Braunschweig: Institut für Verkehrssystemtech-nik

ALSTOM Salzgitter

5.9 Study Course ,,Mobilitätund Verkehr” (Mobilityand Traffic)

Since Winter Semester 2006/2007 TU-Braunschweigprovides students of bachelor and master studies thecourse ,,Mobilität und Verkehr”. In the past, the wayto become a traffic engineer accounted other coursesof studies like construction engineering, mechanicalengineering and sometimes scientific, social or economicstudies. The new course of studies for bachelors called,,Mobilität und Verkehr” broaches the issue of the wholetraffic engineering and its interdisciplinarity. In masterstudies this interdisciplinarity is held up, by choosing apersonal emphasis.

Four departments work together in these interdisci-plinary courses of studies. The Institute for Traffic Safetyand Automation Engineering planned these courses ofstudies and was an important factor for their furtherdevelopment. Both in bachelor studies and in masterstudies the institute offered the most lectures. The firststudents achieved their bachelor’s degree three years afterthe program’s introduction. Now they use their knowledge

studying for master graduation. The course of studiesalso was accreditated by the charitable Erich-Mundstock-Stiftung, which gives each year two scholarship to studentsof the third term. These scholarships amount to 500 e persemester.

Further information:www.tu-braunschweig.de/move.

5.10 Student Colloquium onTraffic Safety

For the third time the institute successfully held thestudent colloquium for traffic safety. Within the lecturetraffic safety the students were supposed to apply for thecolloquium with an abstract and a full paper.

The purpose of the colloquium is to give the studentsthe opportunity to have a look into the process of modernscientific conferences. After a review process of experts thestudents were selected to present their topics on the collo-quium. Best paper awards as well as best presenter awardshave been bestowed.

http://www.tu-braunschweig.de/move

6 Research ConceptionWithin the focus of traffic safety, the systematic connec-

tions between mobility, transport, safety, reliability as wellas automation engineering is explored and taught. Herebythe fields traffic safety and automation, vehicle safety and au-tomation, system theory and cooperation as well as terminologyhave been arranged.

6.1 Traffic Safety andAutomation

Parallel to the technological progress the mobility of peo-ple has continuously increased. Connected to that trafficservices on rail and road traffic which are getting moreand more complex structures whereby the safety of traf-fic participants must have priority and be ensured. Topicsof traffic safety are amongst others: accidents and safetyanalyses, Including sensitive investigations to its trend andinfluencing factors, questions referring to the responsibil-ity of those involved in consequence of accidents as wellas legal regulations for the rail and road traffic. Withintraffic automation which is closely linked with traffic se-curity, subjects for planning and implementation of mea-suring, controlling, and automation systems at practical fa-cilities are discussed on all layers of traffic and transportsystems. Main interest hereby is focused on basic tasks ofthe automation and with emphasis on maintenance trans-portation processes. Especially considered are the opera-tional aspects like risk acceptance and assessment as wellas technical reliability aspects as there are safety, reliabil-ity, maintainability and availability of rail and road trafficsystems. Strong relation to practice is covered by satellitebased train and automotive location and their metrologicaland dependable qualification.

6.2 Vehicle Safety andAutomation

Profound changes by increasing the utilization of elec-tronic facilities in the vehicle became a relief of strain onthe drivers caused by assistant systems and tend to fullyautomated operation. For this it is necessary to view theinteraction vehicle - driver - environment especially undersafety relevant aspects and driven on that conduct theoret-ical investigations based on formal techniques as well ason experimental processes with the assistance of simula-tors, test carriers or demonstrators. An example is secureprecision detection. The aim is the test and validation of

new technologies and processes (time norm, signal struc-tures, receiver). In particular, the suitability of these tech-nologies for satellite based navigation should be proved.In the course of localisation qualification, experiments areperformed under static and dynamic conditions. Besidea fixed reference measuring platform for calibration wework hard on a flexible and mobile facility and an advancedequipment on a roller coaster which will allow dynamiclocalisation experiments. This includes also the develop-ment of normative standards and procedures and equip-ment specifications.

6.3 Systemic andCooperation

The academic focus areas of the Institute for Traffic Safetyand Automation Engineering are placed on study of meth-ods, description means and tools (the BMW-Principle)toresearch the system function, the system structure andthe system performance of complex systems in relationto capability and reliability. The system theory which isdealing with complex dynamics in an analytic-formal andconceptual-pragmatic features manner as described andfully explained in the concept of reliability and further-more in the formal consistent object orientation gets de-veloped as an essential academic basis. Besides this the re-alization of cooperative systems outlines a first sign for thecommand of the high complexity and the peripheral struc-tures. This assists the completion of the requests towardsrobustness and fault tolerance for automation of technicalsystems and recently to include human and social aspects,too in this framework. This allowes us to investigate com-pelx soci-technical systems by modelling, simulation andanalysys. Derived from nature (figure ??) subjects aroundthe integrated risc analysis and design mode are discussedand new forms of road and rail traffic are evaluated theo-retically.

6.4 TerminologyOur evolving intelligent glossary iglos includes and inte-grates domain specific languages for special purposes ofall categories as comprehensive and detailed as never be-fore. As centre element of iglos the advanced trilateral signmodel has been developed. And even though it has beenrecently established, it’s been widely accepted. This inter-prets a linguistically sign as in technical terminology con-text constituted. Language is of course more than the sum

6 Research Conception 23

Figure 6.1: Model inspired by nature

of words and rules: terms of different special languagesare recorded as embedded in their systemic context andwith all their connections and dependencies modelled inother language units. Language for special purposes isalso not a static structure but continually adjusts on cog-nitive progress and actual theory construction. The devel-opment of a special language only can be comprehended ifthe changes of the lingual sign within its systemic link canbe reproduced at different times. Our international staffprovides also with terminologies from different languagesand cultures. Within this frame intensive research and dis-cussion on terminology take place at the institute. Our ba-sic work on structured terminology has been applied inseveral standards, e.g. smart grid, and several industrialprojects. A fruitful symbiosis emerges from the joiningof two cultures, such as literature/linguistic and technol-ogy/engineering.

7 Research ProjectsThis chapter presents a general overview of the projects

where the Institute for Traffic Safety and AutomationEngineering has been involved during the period com-prehended between 2013 and 2014.

Although all the research can be clustered into fourareas, these are not completely separated, but intercon-nected via several relations. The main focuses of thepresented research are concepts such as the trilateralsign concept, Petri Nets for modelling, the PROFUNDmethodology of safety engineering and the application ofsatellite-based localisation and integrated systemic viewto both rail and road transportation have to be considered,as well as safety properties and automated functions toperform traffic.

7.1 Projects overview at iVA

Hence, beside the main focus on each research area, otherrelated areas can be noticed for the following projectsoverview:

Proj

ects

(201

3-20

14)

Traffi

csa

fety

and

auto

mat

ion

engi

neer

ing

V ehi

cle

safe

tyan

dau

tom

atio

nen

gine

erin

g

S yst

emic

and

coop

erat

ive

syst

ems

Term

inol

ogy

AUTOMAIN x xBAV Method II xDIGAFLEX x xEnEff xemil xGaLoROI x x xiglos xiglos norm xiglos req xInduktivLaden x xopenETCS x xQualiSaR x xSATLOC xSatRail xStandOrt x x

7.2 AUTOMAINUsage of Track by Optimisation ofMaintenance, Allocation andInspection of railway NetworksPerson in Charge: Federico Grasso Toro

Awarding Authority: European Commission

Partners:Technische Universität BraunschweigProRailNetwork Rail Ltd.Deutsche Bahn AGSociété Nationale des Chemins de fer françaisBanverketStrukton Rail bv

7 Research Projects 25

EURODECISIONKnowledge Management and Transfer Ltd.DAMILL ABUniversity of BirminghamLuleä Tekniska UniversitetGerman Aerospace Research Centre (DLR)MER MEC SpaVossloh CogiferEuropean Federation of Railway Track Contractors(EFRTC)International Association of Railways (UIC)Association of the European Railway Industry (UNIFE)

The railway is a complex, distributed, closely-coupledsystem. After many years of decline during the ascendancyof automobiles, there have recently been widespreadincreases in railway patronage world-wide, partly due tocongestion on roads and partly due to the introduction ofhigh-quality, high-speed rail services. This has led to thecurrent problem: the increased passenger demand haspressurised Infrastructure Managers into keeping theirrailways open for business for longer hours, and carryingout maintenance at times when passenger demand is low.

The increased maintenance requirements of a well-usedrailway mean that there is typically limited capacity forfreight. The high level aim of the AUTOMAIN project isto make the movement of freight by rail more dependable(reliable, available, maintainable and safe) through thegeneration of additional capacity on the existing network.

Through the widespread introduction of automationthat is designed to improve the Reliability, Availability,Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) of railway infras-tructure equipment and systems, it is anticipated thatrequired possession time (also called downtime) of therailway could be reduced by as much as 40 percent.

Therefore, the philosophy of the project team is tomaintain infrastructure only when intervention is needed,instead of the now common schedule driven maintenance

strategies. In this frame a prototype for optimisation ofplanning and scheduling for railway maintenance hasbeen developed.

Duration: 36 Months

7.3 BAV Methode IISafety Indicator based RiskManagementPerson in Charge: Geltmar von Buxhoeveden

Sponsor: Federal Office of Transport, Switzerland

Partners: Federal Office of Transport

Project Organisation: The Federal Office of Transport(FOT in english, BAV in german) developed a threestage system of Safety Indicators, as depicted in figure ??that was used to develop an analysis methodology to beimplemented in a tool.

117Base Safety Indicators

21FOT

Safety Indicators

5TOP

SafetyIndicators

Figure 7.1: System of safety indicators

Main Objective: The Federal Office of Transport devel-oped a three stage system of Safety Indicators, as depictedin figure ??. iVA provided a methodology to assign themore than 30.000 incidents from 2000 to 2013 to the indi-cators and defined (country) safety targets to be reached byrailway operators. In an update to the project the method-ology was extended to other modes of public transport(buses, trams, ships, cable ways). Since 2012 a tool was de-veloped to make the methodology accessible to generatereports on traffic safety in Switzerland. Figure ?? depictsthe main user interface of the tool. Figure ?? displays oneof the many analysis plots.

26 7.4 Digaflex

Figure 7.2: Tool: Evaluation of traffic safety

Project Results: The distribution of Mean Time to Failure(MTTF) for all incidents categorized by the 21 FOT safetyindicators was identified. A company assessment table wasdeveloped and an FOT internal company ranking mech-anism was put into place. The interactive tool providestime series analysis of traffic incidents, has geocodeingcapabilities and can be used to import data from differentsources (Swiss public transport, car incidents from Ger-many, US aviation accident database).

Duration: 6 Months

Figure 7.3: Tool: analysis plot

7.4 Digaflex

demonstration of an integratedbuilding automation system with lowpower, low-cost approach and flexiblerange of devices and flexibleconfiguration.

Person in Charge: Patrick Diekhake

Awarding Authority: German Federal Ministry of Eco-nomics and Technology (BMWi)

Partners: iQST GmbH

Summary: Buildings are planned to be equipped withSmallCAN building automation components to ensurean energy-optimized operation. Particularly communalbuildings and broad housing stocks are in the focus of thisproject. For objects of this kind, solutions for a simpleuser handling and robust operations have to be developed.

Motivation: Due to the high demand of clearancecommunal buildings the capability of the installation offield bus systems are elevated. Also, in order to pass newlaws and regulations, new buildings will require moreplanning and improved balancing of lifecycle cost thatalso include operation fees, such as for example energyfees. The energy requirement can be significantly reducedby applying intelligent solutions, such as field bus systems.

Approach: With the focus on low-energy consumption,optimised solutions for heating and lighting will beinstalled. Also, the energy consumption of the platformitself will be minimised. The low-power and low-costapproach enables the wide spread of smart buildingsto increase global energy saving and to allow for easyinterfaces with future smart grids.

Duration: 48 Months


7.5 EnEff Stadt /SmartGridToolkit

The development of a methodologyfor integrated simulation, operationalmanagement and monitoring ofbuildings, facilities and localinfrastructure networks (gas,electricity, heat)Persons in Charge: Tamás Kurczveil, Patrick Diekhake

Awarding Authority: Bundesministerium für Bildungund Forschung

Project Partners:Institute for Building Services and Energy Designelenia - Institute for High Voltage Technology and PowerSystems

The goal of the project is to develop a method forintegrated simulation, operational management andmonitoring of buildings and local infrastructure networks(electricity, heat, gas). The approach is based on thecombination of existing methods and tools from a varietyof disciplines. A concept shall be developed for auditingand assessing existing districts in terms of energy and forassessing the technical and economic aspects of forecastdevelopment scenarios. This is based on a library ofcurrent and future output and load profiles for decen-tralised energy generation and for heating and electricityconsumption. While current energy grids only have re-stricted communication interfaces between components,

the switch to active distribution networks will make newdemands on the communication topology, which mustalso be considered as part of this project. An ActiveDistribution Network test rig shall be set up in the scopeof this project, which will permit technical replication ofa small low-voltage grid region. Besides the householdload and line replication components, the laboratoryequipment already has multiple direct current sources toreplicate PV systems, an alternating current (AC) source toreplicate a (controllable) local grid transformer and a miniCHP for combining thermal and electrical consumptionprofiles. iVA’s bus system SmallCAN shall be used forthe communication between components and for theimplementation of energy management function.

Duration: 42 Months

7.6 emilApplication of Inductive EnergyTransfer in Public TransportationPerson in Charge: Tamás Kurczveil

Awarding Authority: Bundesministerium für Verkehr,Bau und Stadtentwicklung

Partners:Institute for Electrical Machines, Traction and Driveselenia: Institute for High Voltage Technology and PowerSystemsBraunschweiger Verkehrs-AGBS|ENERGYBombardier

Summary: The scope of this project includes theimplementation of an inductive vehicle charging systemfor Braunschweig’s urban infrastructure and the com-missioning of compatible busses to test and optimize thesystem’s functionality, operation, and economic efficiency.

Motivation: Future traffic that will be accompanied byhigher alternative drive concepts will pose a challengewhen it comes to corresponding energy systems, coordi-nation of operations, and communication interfaces, such

28 7.7 GaLoROI

as needed for data acquisition and billing. On one hand,the increasing attractiveness of electric vehicles will allowfor new possibilities in testing alternative technologies;on the other, they will need to be conformed to existingsystems and technologies. An inductive vehicle chargingsystem and a compatible prototype bus fleet shall beintegrated into Braunschweig’s traffic infrastructure andpose as a test setup to evaluate the operating efficiencyof such a system. This project will deal with aspects oftechnical and operative requirements, implementation,integration, and optimization to validate the developedsystem.

Approach: The iVA’s work packages aim at analyzingthe functionality and feasibility of an inductive chargingsystem for electric vehicles. The charging system andcorresponding components will be integrated in the trafficinfrastructure and selected traffic participants in an initialstep. With the goal of reaching a high operating efficiency,the integration of these participants into traffic shallbe accompanied by the development and examinationof optimization measures, such as the positioning ofcharging facilities.

Operation and traffic models shall be implemented in asimulation tool to analyse and gain more knowledge aboutthe system. Further integrative aspects shall be studied todevelop requirements and a prognosis for the collectiveuse of the implemented charging system by both publicand motorized individual traffic participants.

Duration: 20 Months

7.7 GaLoROI

Galileo Localisation for RailwayOperation Innovation

Persons in Charge: Hansjörg Manz, René Hosse

Awarding Authority: European Commission

Partners:iQST GmbH - Institute for Quality, Safety and Trans-portation (lead)BBR Verkehrstechnik GmbHInstitute of Measurement and Control EngineeringKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologieSeptentrio nvFrench Institute of Science and Technology for Transport,Development and Networks (IFSTTAR)

To reach an enduring strengthening of railway, new so-lutions are required. The European satellite based locali-sation system Galileo promises an advanced solution. Toapply the migration from conventional localisation equip-ment towards the usage of Galileo for transportation thisproject serves for an appropriate base. Since in Europenearly 50 percent of all railway lines belong to secondaryrailway lines and in many countries this number seemsto be even higher, this sector may be assumed as a nichealthough it could rise to a mass market if the 50.000 lo-comotives in Europe are regarded. The resulting locali-sation unit promises a short-term return on invest (ROI).The objective of this project is the development of a certifi-able safety-relevant satellite-based on-board train localisa-tion unit to be used on low density railway lines. The taskof iVA is to analyse economical impacts and to assess thesafety case. The developed safe and precise on-board lo-calisation unit will mainly serve for train control, but alsofor train integrity monitoring, train and fleet management,green driving and furthermore for track inspection, espe-cially for diagnosis during operational movement.

GaLoROI allows migrating from conventional localisa-tion techniques towards a satellite-based technology. Asafe localisation will be enabled by a satellite independentdevice (eddy current sensor) supported by the EGNOSSafety of Life Service (SoL).

Duration: 26 Months

Further Information:

http://www.galoroi.eu

http://www.galoroi.eu


7.8 iglosThe Intelligent GlossaryPersons in Charge: S. Arndt, D. Schnäpp, A. G. Schielke

Awarding Authority:DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Re-search Foundation)NAT - Normungsausschuss Terminologie of the DeutschesInstitut für Normung (DIN) (Terminology Standards Com-mittee of the German Institute for Standardization)

The iglos-project aims at developing a means of mod-elling highly interconnected terminologies to overcomelanguage barriers and to enable transdisciplinary com-munication. iglos is based on a new, trilateral sign modelwhich constitutes the linguistic sign from its speciallanguage context. Based on this new approach, iglos isto become a powerful software tool for enterprises andscientific institutions. It is a terminology managementsoftware that models scientific and technical terms intheir structural contexts and thus makes available notonly single terms but the whole terminological structure.Overlapping and imprecise terminologies, contradictingdefinitions and different application areas, synonymsand homonyms etc. are now systematically distinguishedand communication errors are prevented before causingeconomic damages.

The project iglos (acronym for ”intelligent glossary”) isthe iVA’s research project in charge of the institute’s keysubject terminology. After the project’s kick-off in early2009, its topics, co-operations and team have grown con-tinuously and the project is now an established institu-

tion for terminology management in technical areas. Theproject was initially triggered by the observation that inter-disciplinary and multilingual project work has misunder-standings and therefore mistakes on its daily agenda. Itis necessary that precision, correctness, effectiveness andalso safety are provided on a linguistic and communica-tive level. For this purpose, the iglos project developed anovel, trilateral sign model and a model of semantic re-lations between technical terms which is based on struc-turalist theories. The main idea about this is that techni-cal terms can only be unambiguously modeled within theirsemantic context and that the special language they comefrom is a very part of them.

This theoretic approach was followed by the implemen-tation of the iglos web application, software that can searchfor, find, manage, relate and graphically display terminol-ogy as a semantic net. Since software implementationsoften cannot show full benefit without an accompanyingmethod, the terminology engineering process (tep) hasbeen developed. This method describes in detail all stepsfrom terminology elicitation, terminology coordination,terminology relating up to terminology certification andcontinuous terminology completion. The first applicationfor the project was its use in standardization activitiesof the DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung, GermanInstitute for Standardization) in cooperation with theDIN’s terminology department DIN-TERMKONZEPT.This cooperation lasts until now and has been intensifiedover the years. In this context, the complete terminologyof all German standards (the DIN-TERM-database) hasbeen integrated into iglos. Furthermore, the iglos teamhas extended its participation in standardization so thatnow representatives of the iglos team are working inseveral committees (ISO TC/ 37, DIN NAT, DIN NSM,DKE Taskforce Ontologie E-Energy SmartGrid). To maketerminology not only available, but also to control andenhance texts, a Microsoft Word add-in is under devel-opment since 2011 with which it will be possible to checktexts for terminological correctness and understandabilityin Microsoft Word, and to expand the text by text glos-saries.

The iglos method and tool have been used in variousengineering projects of the iVA so far (FAMOS, GAUSS,GALCERT, OpenETCS, GaLoROI) and it has been testedby partners in science and economy (University of Magde-burg, DLR, PTB, DIN-TERMKONZEPT, Atego, Siemens,Dräger, VW, BAV (Switzerland)).

30 7.11 InduktivesLaden

7.9 iglos normPersons in Charge: Dieter Schnäpp

Awarding Authority:DIN - Normenausschuss Terminologie (NAT)

The sub-project iglos norm focuses on the evelopmentof an integrated terminology management for Standard-ization, in collaboration with DIN.

The objective of the project is to develop an innovativeterminology management for norm creation and utiliza-tion by means of an Internet-based tool. The project is afollow-up project of the 2010/2011 conducted INS project(Development of inclusive terminology management forstandardization).

The iglos norm project is designed and based on theresults obtained in the previous project. An integrative ter-minology management system targeted, comprehensivesense it possible despite shorter periods of developmentperiods quality (i.e. clear and unambiguous) conceptdefinitions to create cooperative and cross-linked tostandards and to disseminate timely manner. For thedevelopment process of standards technologies they mustbe found to target individual standards committees andrelate them to relevant research with already standardisedterminology. In addition, it is required to optimise theprocesses of terminology standardization. For this, a pro-cess of terminology education is required which not onlydecreases the working bodies, but often not sufficientlyimplemented, among modelling the relationships andconnections of the individual terms and organized thevote on an on-line platform.

The innovation part of this project is science-based,semi-automated concept formation processes, controllingand networking, a tool-based methodology for web-baseddistribution and integration of own multilingual glos-saries audited in compliance with the intellectual prop-erty and data protection. Since in a globally are increas-ingly differentiating expert knowledge, which must of-ten communicate in interdisciplinary teams, terminologyand their consistency plays an increasingly important rolein this management concept, affecting all future fields ofhigh-tech strategy and addressing all standard users re-gardless of their industry and company size.

7.10 iglos reqPersons in Charge: S. Arndt, D. Schnäpp, Lars Schnieder,E. Schnieder

Awarding Authority:EFRE - Europäischer Fonds für regionale Entwicklung

The sub-project iglos req focuses on special and everydaylanguage use in requirements engineering. Especiallythe use of everyday lexical items and terminologies ofspecial languages are of particular interest. The project’sobjective is to make natural language requirements pre-cise and unambiguous by optimized language use. Theapproach chosen to do this is partially based on work inrequirements engineering but mainly on the institute’sterminological approach as described above. The mainoutcome of the project will be a plug-in for a requirementsmanagement tool. The project is therefore cooperatingwith the software developer Atego, who provides therequirements tool Exerpt Editor. The plug-in will supportrequirements engineers when writing down require-ments by provision of lexical information from everydaylanguage and terminologies during or after text input.Misunderstandings in interdisciplinary, multilingualteams as well as implicitness and vague requirements canbe prevented by this approach. The tool will furthermoreprovide assistance for terminology expansion and termi-nology maintenance so that terminology work can be doneby the requirements engineer during the documentationof requirements engineering within his genuine workingenvironment and tooling.

The iglos team has evolved to a very successful and well-connected expert team in terminology work. The nextproject aims are the continuation of ongoing works, thefinalization of the 1.0 version of the iglos web applicationincluding the Microsoft Word add-in, workshops andtraining programs for the terminology engineering pro-cess and the provision of a comprehensive, unambiguous,semantically structured terminology of safety.

Further Information:http://www.iglos.de

Web Application:http://www.iglos.de/iglos

7.11 InduktivesLadenInductive charging for passenger carsPerson in charge: Tamás Kurczveil

Awarding Authority:

http://www.iglos.de

http://www.iglos.de/iglos


Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwick-lung

Project Partners:Braunschweiger Verkehrs-AGBS|ENERGYBombardierInstitute for Electrical Machines, Traction and Drives(IMAB)elenia: Institute for High Voltage Technology and PowerSystems

As opposed to buses, the system requirements for highpowered inductive charging in passenger cars are muchmore restrictive. Due to design restrictions, the magneticfield for the energy transmission need to pass throughmuch smaller coils. If the charging power is to remainunchanged, the field strengths will be much higher than inbuses or other heavy goods vehicles. Therefore, the designof new components and their optimization for their safeutilization in passenger vehicles stands in the focus ofthis projects. Next to the evaluation of different chargingconcepts and their integration into the electric grid fromthe infrastructural point of view, traffic analyses shallbe performed in order to determine the optimal place-ment of further charging stations for the most effectiveintegration of passenger cars into the existing inductivecharging infrastructure in Braunschweig. One focus ofthese analyses lies in the minimization of interferencesfrom individual traffic on public transport vehicles.

Duration: 36 Months

7.12 openETCSOpen Proofs Methodology for theEuropean Train Control SystemPersons in Charge: Jan Welte, Hansjörg Manz, EckehardSchnieder

Awarding Authority: Itea2 (German founding is provideby the BMBF)

Partners: Deutsche Bahn AG (Germany) (lead)AEbt GmbH (Germany)ALL4TEC (France)ALSTOM Transport (Belgium)ATOC (United Kingdom)CEA (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)(Germany)Eclipse Foundation Europe Gmbh (Germany)EclipseSource (Germany)

ERSA (France)ERTMS Solutions (Belgium)Formal Mind (Germany)Frauenmhofer (Germany)GE Transportation (Italy)Innovalia (Spain)Institut Mines-Télécom (France)Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT)(France)Mitsubishi Electric (France)NS Nederlandse Spoorwegen (Netherlands)Siemens AG (Germany)SNCF (France)Software Quality Systems S.A. (Spain)Systerel (France)TWT GmbH Science & Innovation (Germany)University of Rostock (Germany)Universität Bremen (Germany)Lloyd’s register rail B.V. (Netherlands)

The purpose of the openETCS project is to developan integrated modelling, development, validation andtesting framework for leveraging the cost-efficient andreliable implementation of ETCS. The framework willbe supported through a holistic tool chain across thewhole development process of ETCS software. The openproof concept provides for a neutral and formal methodbased ,,correct” functioning reference device that willhelp to overcome existing interoperability problems,supporting manufacturers, infrastructure managers andrailway undertakings alike, avoiding exhaustive field tests,transferring verification and validation activities from thetrack site into laboratories, saving scarce resources andfinally accelerating the migration phase and thereforesupporting the European ERTMS deployment plan. Byapplying those technologies and related business conceptsa significant effort and cost reduction for the fitting ofETCS onboard units is expected.

The main open source tool chain is based on the eclipseenvironment and will support the formal specification andverification of the ETCS system requirements, the auto-matic and ETCS compliant code generation and validation,and the model-based test case generation and execution.Furthermore, openETCS development is based on using,,Open Standards” on all levels as ReqIF for Requirementsand SysML for the software architecture specifications.

The task of iVA is to analyse the state of the art inmodelling methods, to participate in the verification

32 7.13 QualiSaR

and validation of the final system and to support thedissemination of the project results. Further informationand a download for the tool chain are presented onhttp://openetcs.org.

Duration: 36 Months

7.13 QualiSaRDevelopment of a QualificationProcedure for the Usage of GalileoSatellite Receivers for Safety RelevantApplicationsPerson in Charge: Felix Reinbold, Dirk Spiegel

Awarding Authority:Galileo Supervising Authority (GSA) within the 7th Frame-work Programme (FP7) of the European Union (EU)

Partners:ABATEC Electronic AGDivision of Geodesy (DTU) at TU DenmarkInstitute of Transportation Systems (TS) at GermanAerospace Center (DLR)Laboratory of Intelligent Systems (SŽDC) at RailwayInfrastructure Administration (TUDC)Laboratory of Electronics, Waves and Signals in Trans-port (LEOST) at Institute of Science and Technology forTransport, Spatial Planning, Development and Networks(IFSTTAR)

The further development of satellite-based localisationsystems leads to improved features and new functions, sothat they can be used for more and more challenging tasks.

Especially in the domain of road and rail traffic safety-relevant applications will become possible, if localisationservices are capable to determine the vehicle position inan accurate and dependable manner.

Examples for safety relevant applications in road trafficare lane accurate navigation, lane keeping assistants andmodern Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS).Their state-approved authorisation relies on the quan-titative verification of the corresponding properties.Currently there are no approved methods to determinethese properties.

Hence QualiSaR aims at the development of a qualifica-tion process, which uses a satellite-independent referencemeasurement system to verify the measurement quality ofsatellite-based localisation receivers.

The reference measurement system consists of testvehicles at several test tracks, a satellite independentlocalisation system and all components and proceduresfor measuring and processing of the relevant data. Forthe technical realisation, on the one hand metrologicalqualification procedures in accordance with standardisedmetrological definitions and methods are necessary.

On the other a terminological construct covering locali-sation relevant terms is required. Using the reference mea-surement system, it will be possible to determine the de-fined metrological parameters in a typical application en-vironment of ground transportation, independent from acertain environment. Summing up, the objective of a stan-dardised qualification procedure for Galileo and EGNOScapable receivers can be divided into tree sub-ordinate ob-jectives:

A reference measurement system for the verificationof Galileo receivers under dynamic conditions

Unified structure of all localisation relevant metrolog-ical and dependability-related terms

Categorised operation conditions of Galileo for defin-ing test settings

Furthermore, the qualification procedure will lead toa standardisation proposal as a suggestion for technicalcommittees and standardisation authorities like IEC andISO.

Duration: 24 Months

http://openetcs.org


7.14 SATLOCSatellite-based Operation andManagement of Local Low TrafficLinesPersons in Charge: Hansjörg Manz, René Hosse

Awarding Authority:European Commission

Partners:UIC, Paris (lead)Westinghouse Brake and Signal Holdings LimitedTelespazio SPA, SpirentCommunications PLCFH Oö Forschungs and Entwicklungs GmbHSiemens AG ÖsterreichS.C. RC-CF TRANS S.R.L. (RCCF)Railway Authority of Romania (AFER)Ansaldo STSFrench Institute of Science and Technology for Transport,Development and Networks (IFSTTAR)

SATLOC addresses the development and demonstra-tion of innovative satellite-based localisation in railwayapplication for train control, speed supervision, trafficcontrol and traffic management of low traffic lines (LTL).The application contributes to the adoption of EGNOS inrailways and paves the way to the introduction of Galileofor safety-related tasks in railways.

The application of EGNOS is planned in a broad contextsince it introduces the GNSS train localisation and speeddetermination with Safety of Life characteristics in all crit-ical operations of a railway line. The project includes thedevelopment of new rail integrated operational concepts,software, hardware, services and datasets compatiblewith the current evolution of the rail signalling and railstandards. The iVA is mainly working on the calculationof safety targets and economical impacts of the projectresults. The application target of SATLOC are low trafficdensity lines (UIC E lines category) which represent alarge market (40 percent of the European network, andmuch more world-wide) in full complementarity andmigration to ETCS (European Train Control System)when satellite based localisation is applied in a holisticapproach. The demonstration in SATLOC will enable theproof of concept for the train integrity with satellite-basedlocalisation, which is an enabler to the ERTMS/ETCSLevel 3 application. The ERTMS Regional (UIC projectwith pilot line in Borlänge - Sweden) will directly benefitof this development.

Duration: 26 Months

Further Information:http://satloc.uic.org

7.15 SatRailCooperative Research onSatellite-based Railway Train ControlTechnologiesPerson in Charge: Debiao Lu

Awarding Authority: Ministry of Science and Technol-ogy of the People’s Republic of China

Partners:GPS Lab, Beijing Jiaotong UniversityQinghai-Tibet Railway CompanyUnicore Communications

Summary: This project is focuses on undertaking theresearch on satellite-based railway train control technolo-gies and system, establishing new train control systemdemonstration platform.

Motivation: Future train control systems need to havemore flexible train dispatching and flexible safety marginfor trains running on the same track. The adoption oftrain-borne localisation systems provides the possibilitiesof moving block oriented train control technologies, thusincreasing the line’s overall capacity. The GNSS-basedlocalisation unit together with other train-borne tachome-ters and speedometers can form various varieties of thestructure of a localisation system, and this train-borneintegrated localisation system provides more availabilityand reliability for the whole system. The safety aspects ofthe localisation system need to be assured and possiblestandardised processes for this localisation system needto be established.

Approach: The main work of this project consists offour stages: system development, test and assessment,system integration, and field test demonstration. Themain task for the system development stage is to developthe key technologies for the satellite-based train control

http://satloc.uic.org

34 7.16 StandOrt

system, which includes the development of the GNSSchips with multi-sensor integrated train localisationunit. The test and assessment stage is to test the GNSSreceiver prototype and an assessment of the GNSS-basedtrain control system. The system integration stage is tointegrate the key equipment forming each sub-systems,then integrating it into a whole system. After that, the testof the whole system is required to establish a stand-alonesupport environment. Based on this, a standardisedsystem development process will be proposed. And finally,the field test demonstration stage is to make experimentaltest runs to improve the system hardware and software.This project aims at making experimental test runs inQinghai-Tibet railway line between Golmud and Lhasa,equipping the on-board system on several locomotives,making outlines for the test runs and the detailed testplan. Through long term data collection and maturesystem solutions a field test demonstration will be furtherestablished.

Duration: 48 Months

7.16 StandOrtStandardized measurement qualityassessment of satellite basedlocalization systemPersons in Charge: Dirk Spiegel

Awarding Authority:Bundesministerium f’ur Wirtschaft und Energie

Partners:Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt PTB

Description: The increasing number of applicationsbased on satellite localization systems (in particularsafety-relevant driver assistance systems) requires a stan-dardization for the quality assessment and certification ofGNSS receivers. And since the quality of satellite-basedpositioning systems for ground applications is stronglydependent on measurement environments and oper-ating conditions, the specification of requirements fora localization system it is therefore necessary to defineand categorize the relevant measurement conditions.These measurement conditions have to be consideredduring the certification of satellite-based positioningsystems and the corresponding field tests. As in otherindustries, the certification requires independent testinglaboratories accredited according to DIN EN ISO / IEC17025. A certification laboratory for GNSS receivers needsan independent measurement system, which can be usedas a reference and which fulfils the requirements of in-

dustry and standards as DIN V ENV 13005. The objectivesof the StandOrt project are to define practicable testprocedures as well as the necessary standard-compliantreference measurement system for satellite-based lo-calization systems for ground based application. Thisis the prerequisite for the subsequent standardizationprocess, making professional use of certified locationservices for demanding, safety-related and legally bind-ing applications in real measurement conditions. Also,with the completion of the project a standard proposalwill be submitted to the responsible technical committees.

Duration: 24 Months

8 Infrastructure8.1 Quality Management

Bureau Veritas Certification certifies that the Manage-ment System of the Institute for Traffic Safety and Au-tomation Engineering has been assessed and found to bein accordance with the requirements of the standard DINEN ISO 9001:2008, Scope of Supply: Scientific Research,Academic Education, Vocational and Advanced Training inTraffic Science and Automation Engineering.

8.2 Computing TechnologyThe institute’s LAN is connected to the university’s net-work by the Gauss-IT-Zentrum. This computing center ofTU Braunschweig provides Internet access via TUBSNETby maintaining a connection between TUBSNET and theGerman research Network XWiN ran by DFN. Outside ofthe institute employees are able to connect to the insti-tute’s network by using a virtual private network (VPN).Once connected the institute’s computing resources canbe accessed.

Hardware

Linux and Microsoft Windows servers share the samenetwork in the institute. The file management, central-ized backup of user directories, web server (apache-httpd;http://www.iva.ing.tu-bs.de), database server (MySQL), doc-ument management system (alfresco), and version controlsystem (Subversion) are provided by the Linux systems.The Microsoft (R) Windows servers 2008 R2/2012R2 are

used for access authorization and accounting of clients(Windows XP/7/8.1), as well as organizing personal infor-mation through a Microsoft (R) Exchange Server.

Backup System

The user data is stored on the network drives whichoperates on RAID level 5 and is completely backed upevery month. Changes in these directories are saved on adaily base. The backups are stored on LTO-Tapes. E-mailsand groupware data are stored separately. The availabilityof the messaging servers are assured by a redundant layoutof the MS-Exchange servers of the institute.

Software

The Institute works with the operating systems Win-dows XP/7/8.1, Windows Server 2008 R2/2012R2 and Linux.The Windows clients can use an X-Window Server foraccessing UNIX systems. Linux clients are also able touse a client program for accessing the Remote DesktopServices on a Windows Server 2008 R2. So each client isable to use Windows- and Linux-based programs. Thefollowing software is available and mainly used in theinstitute: Programming languages (such as C, C++, PHPand Java), word processing (MS Office, LaTeX), referencemanagement program (Citavi), computer-aided designand drafting software (Visio, AutoCAD, Corel Draw,and others), requirements management tool (DOORS),desktop publishing (Scribus), Simulation (MATLAB /Simulink), petri nets (Pi-Tool), tools for schematic andcircuit diagrams (Eagle) and special software for databases,control engineering, microprocessors.

36 8.4 Experimental Vehicles

8.3 Experimental FieldBraunschweig’s high concentration and visibility of trans-portation research is now mainly concentrated at the air-port. The erection of the new bulding of the NFF gave theinstitute the chance to move completely with offices, lab-oratories, traffic control centre and its testz vehicles to itsnew adress. There the institute’s equipment, as there areseveral test benches and automation systems, serves for ex-cellent research issues as well as for internships. The largetest hall will include the institute’s railway demonstrator,a traffic control centre and it is used for test vehicles.

8.4 Experimental VehiclesTo achieve a realistical analysis of driver assistance systemsas well as measuring of traffic concerned variables it is nec-essary to make use of all-round test vehicles. Those needto offer all kind of basic-functions, especially within sen-sor technology, communication hardware and computerscience. Apart from that the vehicles need to be designedto integrate new functions easily to the consisting systemsarchitecture. Besides a continuous and systematical anal-ysis of the investigated systems requires a reproducibilityof measurement results.

The test vehicles Carla and Carlo fulfill these demandsfor a base of experimental research. By making use of fit-ting sensor technology, actoric and processing units, thefollowing of a defined track with a high reproducibility, isassured. Thus it it possible to make use of this vehicle forlocalization experiments.

9 Further Activities9.1 Conference

FORMS/FORMAT 2014The Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation Engi-neering in cooperation with the Budapest University ofTechnology and Economics, and the Automotive ResearchCentre Niedersachsen (NFF) will hold for the 10th timesthe successful conference series FORMS/FORMAT fromthe September, 30th to October, 2nd at the new NFFbuilding at the research airport Braunschweig, Germany.The symposium offers scientists, practitioners and man-agers, developers and consultants of automotive andrailway industries as well as traffic system operators withinterest in formal methods, requirements engineering,and applications in railway and automotive to modellingof human factors and behaviour, an established platformfor the exchange of scientific experience and the transferof practical description means, methods and tools forcomplex automation systems.

Further Information:http://www.forms-format.de/

9.2 BraunschweigerVerkehrskolloquium

Every first Thursday in the month the BraunschweigerVerkehrskolloquium (Braunschweig Traffic Colloquium)is taking place at the research airport of DLR in building106 Hermann-Blenk-Saal.

9.3 NFFThe NFF (Niedersächsisches ForschungszentrumFahrzeugtechnik, Automotive Research Center Nieder-sachsen), established in 2007, is a technically orientedcentral research institution of TU Braunschweig for thefields of automotive engineering. It embodies the conceptof inter- and multi-disciplinary research for mobility fromwhich the International Graduate School could benefit asit will strengthen the core of a bi-national cooperationbetween TU Braunschweig, Beijing Jiaotong University,and Tongji University at Shanghai. The NFF uses theresearch region Braunschweig as a leading location forits automotive research activities. By close interactionbetween industry and scientific institutions, the NFF

aims to build and expand the automotive activities inthe region, especially at TU Braunschweig, to establishnew cooperation platforms between universities andcompanies.

The NFF has offices and laboratories in the MobileLife-Campus (MLC) in Wolfsburg that are equipped with sharedinfrastructure to gather the interdisciplinary industrialand academic research teams. An additional buildingis currently under construction at the Braunschweig Re-search Airport. Nearly 50 million Euros will be investedfrom federal and state funds that were allocated after a de-cision of the Wissenschaftsrat (German Science Council).All the NFF professors from TU Braunschweig worked suc-cessfully together to receive this funding.

This new facility covers an area of about 7500 m2 oflaboratories and offices. It will provide individual sectionsto treat projects from different automotive companiesseparately and more discretely in project houses. The NFFwill host the International Graduate School in one of itsproject houses at its new location.

9.4 Increasing efficiency intrain

Opportunities through new routesand vehicles lecture series of railtechnologyDuring the summer semester 2014 the VDI WorkingGroup Railway Technology in collaboration with the en-gineers of the VDI and TU-Braunschweig held 7 presen-tations about rail technology. The lectures were provided

38 9.6 Memberships to Scientific Societies and Standard Committees

by experienced engineers from both industry and researchfields, under the annual theme of the VDI: "Shaping re-source efficiency"

9.5 Seminar on RiskModelling for Engineers(VDI Knowledge Forum)

The Risk Modelling for Engineers course for studentsand external participants was held in the iVA during fourweekly sessions in May, 2014. The course provide anoverview of advanced methods of technical reliability, suchas Petri nets (PN), in particular stochastic PN and its simu-lation capabilities. Other methods, such as Artificial Neu-ral Networks and Bayesian Networks were also presented.

9.6 Memberships toScientific Societies andStandard Committees

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. E. Schnieder

Co-Editor of the Journal of Information, Control andManagement Systems Zilina

Expert of the European Railway Agency (ERA) since2007

Licensed assessor of the Federal Railway Authority(EBA) since 1997

Guest member of the DKE K 132 Zuverlässigkeit since2003

Member of the Scientific Society Braunschweig since2002

Dean of the formation for the school of Science andTechnology of VW Car University at Wolfsburg from2003 to 2005

Member of acatech German Academy of TechnologySciences since 2006 and speaker of the topic networksafety and security.

Member of the GMA technical committee 7.61 Steeringand Control within the Automobile Technology

Member of the GMA technical committee 1.50 Methodsof Control Techniques

Member of the GALILEO Panel of Experts of UIC

Member of the workgroup Traffic Management andTraffic Safety of the German Road and TransportationResearch Association FGSV e.V. since 2004

Dr.-Ing. Uwe Becker

Member of the GMA technical committee 7.61 Steeringand Control within the Automobile Technology

Member of the GMA technical committee 7.62 Au-tomation for Rail Traffic Systems

Dr. phil. Christian Stein

Member of NSM / NAT of Deutsches Institut für Nor-mung (DIN), ISO TC/37 and DKE Taskforce OntologieE-Energy SmartGrid.

Dipl.-Ing. Geltmar von Buxhoeveden

Member of the workgroup Traffic Management andTraffic Safety of the German Road and TransportationResearch Association FGSV e.V. since 2009

Dipl.-Ing. Hansjörg Manz

Member of the GALILEO Panel of Experts of UIC

Member of the GMA technical committee 7.62 Au-tomation for Rail Traffic Systems

Member of the Steuerkreis Zugsteuerung undSicherung (Steering committee train control andsafeguarding) of the Center for Transportation &Logistics Neuer Adler e.V.

Member of the DKE/AK 351.3.6: Normungsauss-chuss E DIN VDE 0831-103: ,,Elektrische Bahn-Signalanlagen - Ermittlung von Sicherheitsan-forderungen an technische Funktionen in derEisenbahnsignaltechnik”

M.Sc. Dirk Spiegel

National Delegate of the CEN / CLC / TC 5 ,,Space” ofDeutsches Institut für Normung (DIN)

9 Further Activities 39

9.7 Co-operationsThere are numerous co-operations with other universitiesand partners. To these belong:

Automotive Research Centre Lower Saxony (NFF)

Beijing Jiaotong University, China

IFRA Net e.V.

ITS Niedersachsen

Institute for Traffic Systems Technology IFSTTARLille, France

German Aerospace Centre (DLR)

German Metrology Institute (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt - PTB)

RWTH Aachen

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Railway Technical Research Institute Tokyo, Japan

Technische Univerität Berlin

Technische Univerität Dresden

Technology University Prague, Czech Republic

Univerität Karlsruhe

Univerität Stuttgart

University Aarhus, Denmark

University of Transportation Sofia, Bulgaria

University Žilina, Slovakia

Union of traffic Friends e.V. Braunschweig

Union Internationale des Chemins de fer (UIC) Paris,France

9.8 Awards and honorsChampion of EU Transport Research2014 Award for Prof. EckehardSchniederAmong an audience of more than 2.000 participants,during the European Transport Research Arena confer-ence in Paris Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. EckehardSchnieder received the awarded of "European Championof Transport Research 2014" in the category of Rail for hiscontribution to road safety and traffic control systems inthe railway sector of the European Commission.

Figure 9.1: Prof. Schnieder during his acceptance speech for theChampion of EU Transport Research 2014 award

Hermann-Appel-Prize awarded toMatthias HübnerOn October 2013, IAV (Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto undVerkehr) awarded seven outstanding engineers for thetenth time with the Hermann Appel Prize. MatthiasHübner received one for his PhD thesis on modelling andcontrolling of a cooperative road traffic by means of Petrinets and consensus algorithms.

Figure 9.2: Matthias Hübner receiving the Hermann Appel Prize

Heinrich Bussing Price awarded toChristian SteinThe former employee Christian Stein received theHeinrich Bussing Price for his PhD thesis ”Primat derSprache: Leitmotivik und Topologie des Subjekts bei ArnoSchmidt”.

40 9.8 Awards and honors

AAET 2013 Young Researchers AwardAt AAET 2013 (automation systems, assistance systemsand embedded systems for transport) Jan Welte (iVA) wasawarded for his contribution on Hybrid modelling of hu-man adaptation behaviour in risk analyses of driver assis-tance systems with Petri Nets and System Dynamics theYoung Researchers Award.

Figure 9.3: Prof. Schnieder, Jan Welte, Peter Mirwaldt, and Prof.Lemmer (Bild: its-Niedersachsen)

10 References10.1 Publications in 2014See also: http://www.iva.ing.tu-bs.de/?iT=27

Diekhake, P.: Analyse und Überwachung des Zeitver-haltens von Funktionsabläufen in einem verteiltenAutomatisierungssystem. EKA 2014 - Entwurf komplexerAutomatisierungssysteme, Magdeburg, Deutschland, Mai2014.

Diekhake, P.; Koch, S.; Reiß, D.; Laudahn, S.; Plesser,S.; Schnieder, E.; Engel, B.; Fisch, N.: Untersuchung vonSmart Grid Anwendungen am Beispiel einer Klima- undTemperaturregelung unter Verwendung eines einheitlichautomatisierten Demonstrators zur Validierung einesaktiven Verteilnetzes. AUTOMATION 2014, Baden Baden,Deutschland, Juni/Juli 2014.

Diekhake, P.; Schnieder, E.; Becker, U.: Demonstra-tionsanlage einer integrierten Gebäudeautomatisierungmit low-Power, low-Cost Ansatz und flexiblem Geräte-spektrum und flexibler Konfiguration (DIGAFLEX).EnOB-Symposium 2014 - Energieinnovationen in Neubauund Sanierung, Essen, Deutschland, März 2014.

Grasso Toro, F.; Diaz Fuentes, D.; Schnieder, E.: BasicIntelligent Models for Validation of Dynamic GNSSMeasurements. ADM 2014 - 8th Workshop on Analysis ofDynamic Measurements, Turin, Italien, May 2014.

Grasso Toro, F.; Hodon, M.; Puchyova, J.; Schnieder, E.:Quality control of GNSS-Receivers by accuracy-based anal-ysis. SMTDA 2014 - 3rd Stochastic Modeling Techniquesand Data Analysis International Conference, Portugal,Juni 2014.

Grasso Toro, F.; Lu, D.; Schnieder, E.: Basis for certifica-tion of GNSS Receivers by Means of Reliability Analysis.CERGAL 2014 - International Symposium on Certificationof GNSS Systems and Services, Dresden, Deutschland, Juli2014.

Kurczveil, T.; Diekhake, P.; Liu, J.; Schnieder, E.:Consumer load measurement in automated buildings.Measurement. 51, 441 - 450, May 2014.

Kurczveil, T.; Schnieder, L.; Scheier, B.; Schnieder,E.: Optimierung des Energiemanagements induktivgeladener Busse unter Berücksichtigung betrieblicher

und verkehrlicher Randbedingungen. HEUREKA ’14,Stuttgart, Deutschland, April 2014.

Lu, D.; Schnieder, E.: Real-time Verification of GNSSReceiver Measured Train Location. CERGAL 2014 - Inter-national Symposium on Certification of GNSS Systemsand Services, Dresden, Deutschland, Juli 2014.

Manz, H.; Schnieder, E.; Becker, U.; Seedorff, C.; Baudis,A.: Approach to Certification of Satellite Based Localisa-tion Unit in Railways. Transport Research Arena 2014,Paris, Frankreich, April 2014.

Meins, J.; Soyck, F.; Engel, B.; Kurczveil, T.; Schnieder, E.:Application of high-power inductive charging of electricbuses in scheduled line service. HEV2014 - 11. SymposiumHybrid- und Elektrofahrzeuge, Braunschweig, Deutsch-land, Februar 2014.

Quiroga, L. M.; Becker, U.; Schnieder, E.: Das PetrinetzModellierungs- und -analysetool pi-Tool. at - Automa-tisierungstechnik. 62(6), S. 436 - 445, Juni 2014.

Reinbold, F.; Steininger, U.; Knüfermann, S.; Ständer, T.;Becker, U; Schnieder, E.: Integration einer Gefährdungs-und Risikoanalyse in den Entwicklungsprozess vonFahrerassistenzsystemen nach ISO 26262. AAET 2014 -Automatisierungssysteme, Assistenzsysteme und einge-bettete Systeme für Transportmittel 2014, Braunschweig,Deutschland, Februar 2014.

Schnieder, E.; Burmeister, K.; Hosse, R. S.: EconomicChallenges of Railway Innovations - Model-based anal-ysis of optimized market diffusion of satellite-basedlocalization systems for train control systems. Railways2014 - The Second International Conference on RailwayTechnology: Research, Development and Maintenance,Ajaccio, Frankreich, April 2014.

Schnieder, E.; Hosse, R. S.: Regelkreise derVerkehrssicherheit - Ein systemtheoretischer Ansatzzur Erhöhung der Verkehrssicherheit. 48. Regelungstech-nisches Kolloquium, Boppard, Deutschland, Februar 2014.

Schnieder, E.; Hosse, R. S.; Burmeister, K.: EconomicChallenges of Railway Innovations - Model-based analysisof optimized market diffusion of satellite-based local-ization systems for train control systems. InternationalJournal of Railway Technology. , Mai 2014.

http://www.iva.ing.tu-bs.de/?iT=27

42 10.2 Publications in 2013

Schnieder, E.; Kurczveil, T.: Messdatenauswertung fürdie Auslegung einer induktiven Ladeinfrastruktur für denöffentlichen Personennahverkehr in Braunschweig. AAET2014 - Automatisierungssysteme, Assistenzsysteme undeingebettete Systeme für Transportmittel 2014, Braun-schweig, Deutschland, Februar 2014.

Schnieder, E.; Kurczveil, T.; Inderwisch, K.; Klaas, F.;Kücükay, F.; Ommen, N.; Woisetschlänger, D.: Show-case Regions for Electric Mobility - An overview of NFFprojects. HEV2014 - 11. Symposium Hybrid- und Elektro-fahrzeuge, Braunschweig, Deutschland, Februar 2014.

Spiegel, D.; Grasso Toro, F.; Schnieder, E.: A New Ap-proach towards GNSS Receiver Comparison in MultipathEnvironments. CERGAL 2014 - International Symposiumon Certification of GNSS Systems and Services, Dresden,Deutschland, Juli 2014.

Spiegel, D.; Grasso Toro, F.; Schnieder, E.: A NewMethodology towards GNSS-Receiver Evaluation inNon-perfect Signal Reception Environments. ENC-GNSS2014 - European Navigation Conference, Rotterdam,Niederlande, April 2014.

von Buxhoeveden, G.; Grasso Toro, F.; Schnieder, E.:Indicator based safety assessment of multimodal traf-fic incidents. SMTDA 2014 - 3rd Stochastic ModelingTechniques and Data Analysis International Conference,Lissabon, Portugal, Juni 2014.

Wegener, M.; Grasso Toro, F.; Schnieder, E.: Enhance-ment of the GUM method to dynamical systems: Astraightforward approach. ADM 2014 - 8th Workshop onAnalysis of Dynamic Measurements, Turin, Italien, May2014.

Yurdakul, A.; Schnieder, E.: Methodological Resolutionsfor Semantic Problems in Turkish Navigation Terminol-ogy. ICBCB 2014 - 6th International Conference, BuildingCultural Bridges: Integrating Languages, Linguistics,Literature, Translation and Journalism into Education,Almaty, Kasachstan, April 2014.

Yurdakul, A.; Schnieder, E.: Modeling Process of TrafficSafety Terminology with the iglos Software. 10th AnnualInternational Conference on Information Technology andComputer Science, Athens, Greece, May 2014.

Yurdakul, A.; Schnieder, E.: Solving Definition andRelation Problems in English Navigation Terminology.ICFLTAL 2014 - International Conference on ForeignLanguage Teaching and Applied Linguistics, London,United Kingdom, Januar 2014.

Yurdakul, A.; Schnieder, E.; Hodon, M.: Creation ofa Consistent Railway Safety Terminology by Modeling.Euro-Zel 2014 - 22nd International Symposium, Zilina,Slowakei, Juni 2014.

10.2 Publications in 2013Arndt, S.; Schnieder, L.: Sag das doch gleich! Termi-nologische Assistenz für Anforderungsautoren. tekom-Jahrestagung, Wiesbaden, Deutschland, November 2013.

Becker, U.; Schori, M.; Böhme, T. J.; Schultalbers,M.: Verfahren zur Lösung von hybriden Optimals-teuerungsproblemen und deren Anwendung auf denBetrieb von Hybridfahrzeugen. at - Automatisierung-stechnik. 61(12), S. 831 - 839, Dezember 2013.

Beisel, D.; Hosse, R. S.; Schnieder, E.: ModellbasierteAnalyse der Auslegung moderner Fahrerassistenzsysteme.ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift. (1), S. 74 - 81,Januar 2013.

Borgwaldt, S.; Yurdakul, A.: Morphological processingin Turkish - heritage language speakers in Germany.Workshop "Structural Changes in Heritage Languages",Niederlande, Januar 2013.

Diekhake, P.; Schnieder, E.: Online Monitoring of aDistributed Building Automation System to Verify LargeSequences of Bus Messages by Causal Petri Net Models.IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE In-dustrial Electronics Society, focusing on industrial andmanufacturing theory and applications of electronics,controls, communications, instrumentation and compu-tational intelligence, Vienna, Austria, November 2013.

Diekhake, P.; Schnieder, E.: Physical Layer Simulation ofLarge Distributed Automation Systems in SPICE. SIMUL2013 - The Fifth International Conference on Advances inSystem Simulation, Venice, Italy, October 2013.

Grasso Toro, F.; Díaz Fuentes, D. E.; Schnieder, E.: Newfilter by means of Mahalanobis distance for accuracy eval-uation of GNSS. POSNAV ITS 2013, Berlin, Deutschland,November 2013.

Grasso Toro, F.; Díaz Fuentes, D. E.; Schnieder, E.;Becker, U.: Extended accuracy evaluation of GNSS fordynamic localisation in railways. WCRR 2013 - WorldCongress on Railway Research, Sydney, Australien,November 2013.

Grasso Toro, F.; Spiegel, D.; Schnieder, E.: Basis for cer-tification of GNSS receivers by means of accuracy analysis.

10 References 43

POSNAV ITS 2013, Berlin, Deutschland, November 2013.

Hosse, R. S.; Sikatzki, S. S.; Schnieder, E.; Bandelow, N. C.:Understanding Policy Processes by Engineering Principlesof Systems Theory. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics andInformatics. 11(2), S. 65-72, 2013.

Hosse, R. S.; Spiegel, D.; Schnieder, E.: Integration ofPetri Nets into CAST by the Example of 7.23 Accident. 2ndSTAMP-Workshop, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, März2013.

Kurczveil, T.; Schnieder, E.: Extending a TrafficSimulation Tool for the Evaluation of novel ChargingInfrastructures. E|TEV 2013 - 2nd International EnergyTransfer for Electric Vehicles Conference 2013, Nürnberg,Deutschland, Oktober 2013.

Kurczveil, T.; Schnieder, E.: Implementation of anEnergy Model and a Charging Infrastructure in SUMO.SUMO 2013 - Simulation of Urban MObility, Berlin,Deutschland, Mai 2013.

Kurczveil, T.; Schnieder, E.: Implementing the func-tional requirements for determining the optimal arrange-ment of a distributed charging infrastructure. DCDS 2013- 4th IFAC Workshop on Dependable Control of DiscreteSystems, York, United Kingdom, September 2013.

Lu, D.; Grasso Toro, F.; Schnieder, E: RAMS Evaluationof GNSS for Railway Localisation. ICIRT 2013 - IEEE In-ternational Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation,Beijing, China, August 2013.

Lu, D.; Grasso Toro, F.; Schnieder, E.: Hazard Analysis ofa Satellite-based Localisation Unit for Train. WCRR 2013 -World Congress on Railway Research, Sydney, Australien,November 2013.

Manz, H.; Schnieder, E.: Implementation of the nor-mative safety case structure for satellite based railwayapplications. ICIRT 2013 - IEEE International Conferenceon Intelligent Rail Transportation, Beijing, China, August2013.

Manz, H.; Schnieder, E.; Becker, U.; Seedorff, C.; Baudis,A.: Certifiable Satellite Based Safe On-Board Train Local-isation Unit. AusRAIL PLUS 2013 - Australien, November2013.

Quiroga, L. M.; Schnieder, E.: 26.1 Diagnosis of RailwayTrack Condition. In Czichos, Horst, Hrsg.: Handbook ofTechnical Diagnostics. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,S. 519 - 537, 2013.

Reinbold, F.; Steininger, U.; Ständer, T.; Knüfermann,

S.; Becker, U.; Schnieder, E.: Absicherung der Erprobungteil- und hochautomatisierter Fahrerassistenzsysteme imöffentlichen Straßenverkehr auf Basis der ISO 26262. 6.Tagung Fahrerassistenz, München, November 2013.

Reinbold, F.; Wegener, M.; Schnieder, E.: Requirementson a reference for assessing the measurement quality ofGNSS receivers in road transport. 9th ITS EuropeanCongress and Exhibition, Dublin, Irland, Juni 2013.

Schnieder, E.: Terminologie der Normung zur Sicher-heit: Vom Wort zum Wert. safe.tech 2013, München,Deutschland, April 2013.

Schnieder, E.: Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zwis-chen Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit soziotechnischerSysteme. TTZ 2013 - 26. Fachtagung Technische Zuverläs-sigkeit 2013, Leonberg, April 2013.

Schnieder, E.; Hosse, R. S.: Towards a Theory of TrafficSafety - And its Implications for Policy Processes. AVSIC- Advanced Vehicle Structures and Infrastructures forChina, Oktober 2013.

Schnieder, E.; Meyer zu Hörste, M.; Hungar, H.: Mod-elling Functionality of Train Control Systems using PetriNets. Towards a Formal Methods Body of Knowledge forRailway Control and Safety Systems: FM-RAIL-BOK Work-shop 2013, Madrid, Spain, September 2013. ( Abstract )

Schnieder, L.; Arndt, S.: Aussagekräftige Anforderungen:Sprachliche Anforderungsoptimierung mit Termonolo-giemanagement. Objektspektrum. (5), August 2013.

Schnieder, L.; Arndt, S.: Reducing Natural-LanguageAmbiguities in Requirements Engineering. The NASASource for Project Management and Engineering Excel-lence. (49), S. 38-40, 2013.

Schnieder, L.; Arndt, S.: Requirements Managementfür die ,,Anwendungsplattform Intelligente Mobilität” -sprachliche Präzisierung durch linguistische Analysen.AAET 2013 - Automatisierungs-, Assistenzsysteme undeingebettete Systeme für Transportmittel, Braunschweig,Februar 2013.

Schnieder, L.; Arndt, S.; Stein, C.: Präzise Anforderun-gen und natürliche Sprache ? geht das? Ein terminolo-giebasierter Ansatz zur toolgestützten Anforderungsop-timierung. REConf 2013 - Requirements EngineeringConference, München, Deutschland, März 2013.

Spiegel, D.; Becker, U.; Schnieder, E.: GNSS-Ortungsgenauigkeit: Eine Methode zur standardisiertenPrüfung. POSNAV ITS 2013, Berlin, Deutschland, Novem-ber 2013.

44 10.3 Doctorial Theses (2006 to 2014)

Spiegel, D.; Hosse, R. S.; Welte, J.; Schnieder, E.: Inte-gration of Petri Nets into STAMP/CAST on the exampleof Wenzhou 7.23 accident. IFAC Workshop on Advancesin Control and Automation Theory for TransportationApplications, Istanbul, Türkei, September 2013.

Spiegel, D.; Schnieder, E.: Integration of Petri Nets intoCAST by the Example of 7.23 Accident. 1st EuropeanSTAMP-Workshop, Braunschweig, Deutschland, Mai 2013.

Spiegel, D.; Schnieder, E.: Standardisierte Ermittlungder Messqualität satellitenbasierter Ortungssysteme.Fachausschuss 7.61 der GMA - Automatisierung fürSchienenverkehrssysteme, Braunschweig, Deutschland,Juni 2013.

Stein, C.; Arndt, S.: Controlled Language withTerminology-Ontologies: How to Automatically CheckComprehensibility of Texts. LaRC 2013 - InternationalWorkshop on Terminology, Language and Content Re-sources, Südafrika, Juni 2013.

von Buxhoeveden, G.; Schnieder, E.: Advanced Ap-proaches for Traffic Safety Evaluation in Public Transport.ITSC 2013 - 16th International IEEE Conference on Intel-ligent Transportation Systems, Den Haag, Niederlande,Oktober 2013.

von Buxhoeveden, G.; Schnieder, E.: Supervision ofsafety performance in public transport. InnoRail 2013 -International Conference Infrastructure and Innovationin Europe, Budapest, Oktober 2013.

von Buxhoeveden, G.; Schnieder, E.; Becker, U.; Slovák,R.; Meuli, H.: Advanced approaches for common safetytargets and indicators for railway operators and infras-tructure managers. WCRR 2013 - World Congress onRailway Research, Sydney, Australien, November 2013.

Wegener, M.; Schnieder, E.: Application of the GUMmethod for state-space systems in case of uncorrelated in-put uncertainties. Measurement Science and Technology.(2), February 2013.

Wegener, M.; Schnieder, E.: Definition der Messqual-ität und ihre quantitative Bestimmung am Beispiel derFahrzeugortung. POSNAV ITS 2013, Berlin, Deutschland,November 2013.

Wegener, M.; Schnieder, E.: Design of a mobile GNSSreference system for road vehicle localisation. 20th ITSWorld Congress, Japan, October 2013.

Welte, J.; Manz, H.; Schnieder, E.; Becker, U.: Surveyof formal model-based development of safety-criticalsoftware for railway applications. WCRR 2013 - World

Congress on Railway Research, Sydney, Australien,November 2013.

Welte, J.; Schnieder, E.: Hybride Modellierung von men-schlichem Adaptionsverhalten in Gefährdungsanalysenvon Fahrerassistenzsystemen mit Petrinetzen und SystemDynamics. AAET 2013 - Automatisierungs-, Assisten-zsysteme und eingebettete Systeme für Transportmittel,Braunschweig, Deutschland, Februar 2013.

Wu, D.; Schnieder, E.: Model-based Testing for theOn-board Subsystem Model of a Satellite-based TrainControl System with Coloured Petri Nets. WCRR 2013 -World Congress on Railway Research, Sydney, Australien,November 2013.

Wu, D.; Schnieder, E.; Krause, J.: Model-based TestGeneration Techniques Verifying the On-board Moduleof a Satellite-based Train Control System Model. ICIRT2013 - IEEE International Conference on Intelligent RailTransportation, Beijing, China, August 2013.

Yurdakul, A.; Schnieder, E.: Multilingual Problems inNavigation Terminology. TIA 2013 - 10th InternationalConference on Terminology and Artificial Intelligence,Paris, Frankreich, Oktober 2013.

Yurdakul, A.; Schnieder, E.: Standardisierung inter-nationaler Terminologien in diversen National-undFachsprachen. tekom-Jahrestagung, Wiesbaden, Deutsch-land, November 2013.

Yurdakul, A.; Schnieder, E.; Hodon, M.: Standardisationof international and interdisciplinary terminology in thelanguage of transportation and automation engineering.EURO-ZEL 2013 - 21st International Symposium, Zilina,Slowakei, Juni 2013.

10.3 Doctorial Theses (2006to 2014)

See also: http://www.iva.ing.tu-bs.de/?iT=27_589

Werther, B.: Kognitive Modellierung mit FarbigenPetrinetzen zur Analyse menschlichen Verhaltens. Tech-nische Universität Braunschweig, 2006

Slovák, R.: Methodische Modellierung und Analyse vonSicherungssystemen des Eisenbahnverkehrs. TechnischeUniversität Braunschweig, 2007.

Hänsel, F.: Zur Formalisierung technischer Normen.Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2008.

http://www.iva.ing.tu-bs.de/?iT=27_589

10 References 45

Drewes, J.: Verkehrssicherheit im systemischen Kontext.Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2009.

Poliak, J.: Validierung von satellitenbasierten Eisenbah-nortungssystemen. Technische Universität Braunschweig,2009.

Abu Farha, A.: Modelling and Optimization of TrafficSafety and Operation in Urban Networks. TechnischeUniversität Braunschweig, 2010.

Antoni, M.: Petrinetz-basierte Validierung von Eisen-bahnsicherungssystemen. Technische UniversitätBraunschweig, 2010.

Schnieder, L.: Formalisierte Terminologien technischerSysteme und ihrer Zuverlässigkeit. 2010.

Detering, S.: Kalibrierung und Validierung vonVerkehrssimulationsmodellen zur Untersuchung vonVerkehrsassistenzsystemen. Technische UniversitätBraunschweig, 2011.

Möhlenbrink, Christoph: Modellierung und Analysevon menschlichen Entscheidungsheuristiken mit farbigenPetrinetzen. Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2011.

Ständer, T.: Eine modellbasierte Methode zur Objek-tivierung der Risikoanalyse nach ISO 26262. TechnischeUniversität Braunschweig, 2011.

Hübner, M.: Modellbildung und Regelung eines ko-operativen Straßenverkehrs mittels Petrinetzen undKonsens-Algorithmen. Technische Universität Braun-schweig, 2012.

Quiroga, L. M.: Ganzheitliche Optimierung des In-standhaltungsprozesses der Gleisgeometrie. TechnischeUniversität Braunschweig, 2012.

Wansart, J.: Analyse von Strategien der Automobilin-dustrie zur Reduktion von CO2-Flottenemissionen undzur Markteinführung alternativer Antriebe - Ein sys-temdynamischer Ansatz am Beispiel der kalifornischenGesetzgebung. Technische Universität Braunschweig,2012.

Wegener, M.: Über die metrologische Qualität derFahrzeugortung. Technische Universität Braunschweig,November 2013.

10.4 Student ThesesFolkers, M.: Anwendung satellitenbasierter Ortung imVerkehr, 2013

Spiegel, D.: Analysis of failures in the Chinese highspeed railway signalling system including economicalaspects, 2013

Helling, N.: Dimensionsanalyse bezüglich des Einflussesdes Fahrzeuggewichts auf die Unfallschwere auf Basis derGIDAS Datenbank, 2013

Guljakow, J.: Zulassungsrelevante Sicherheitsprozesseim Eisenbahnwesen im internationalen Fokus, 2013

Hinz, P.: Modellierung eines Rollenprüfstandes unterMatlab/Simulink, 2013

Hamel, S.: Situationsbedingter Fahrstreifenwechsel fürein Nothalteassistenzsystem auf einer Bundesautobahn,2013

Hölscher, H.: Planetengetriebe Elektrofahrzeug, 2013

Großjohann, C.: Kosten-Nutzen-Rechnung für dieAnwendung satellitenbasierter Ortungssysteme imSchienenverkehr, 2013

Schori, M.: Entwurf eines Reglers mit Prädiktions-fähigkeit für den verbrauchsotpimalen Betrieb einesFahrzeugs mit leistungs-verzweigter Antriebstopologieund Umschaltmöglichkeit zwi-schen seriellem und leis-tungsverzweigtem Betrieb, 2013

Hinz, P.: Modellierung der Fahrzeuglängs- undMotordynamik auf einem Echtzeitsimulator für denClosed-Loop-Betrieb mit einem Motorsteuergerät, 2013

Slodkowski, M.: Zulassungsprozess VergleichDeutschlan Polen, 2013

Klein, F.: Entwicklung einer toolgestützten Freigabe fürvernetzungsrelevante Schnittstellen im Motorsteuergerät,2013

Schaper, M.: Kooperative Längs- und Querführungbeim Einfädeln auf eine Bundesautobahn, 2013

Satchie Sunang, G.: Anwendung satellitenbasierterOrtungssysteme im Straßen- und Schienenverkehr, 2013

Klingspon, J.: Implementierung von Ansätzen zurBerechnung des Drehmoments eines Dieselmotors undanschließende Bewertung dieser Ansätze durch einepraktische Anwendung, 2013

Dunemann, J.: Modellierung, Implementierung undErprobung motorischer Modelle auf einem Carts-

46 10.4 Student Theses

Fahrzeugsimulator, 2013

Hoffmann, P.: Kommunikation der Verkehrssicherheitin technischen Dokumenten, 2013

Berger, C.: Konzeptionierung einer automatisiertenBearbeitung von bewässerten Versuchsstrecken durchautonome Fahrzeuge, 2013

Thesing, H.: Optimierung der Profitabilität von UHPReifen, 2013

de Freitas Fernandes, C.: Konzeption und Aufbau einerExperimentalumgebung für den Einsatz von Ethernet imKraftfahrzeug, 2013

Burmeister, K.: Entwicklung einer Marktstrategie fürsatellitenbasierte Ortung im Schienenverkehr mit SystemDynamics, 2013

Allner, M.: Konzipierung und Entwicklung einesWerkzeugs zur Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung von satel-litenbasierter Ortung im Schienenverkehr, 2013

Bockelmann, S.: Entwurf und Untersuchung be-trieblicher Szenarien einer induktiven Ladeinfrastruktur,2013

Bachmann, T.: Dynamisches Prüfen von Softwarekom-ponenten eines verteilten Automatisierungssystemsbasierend auf Petri-Netzen, 2013

Wolf, A.: Antriebs- und Regelkonzept für ein Hubsystemeiner Ausmauerungsvorrichtung, 2013

Wilke, J.: Entwicklung einer Trajektorienvisualisierunganhand von Echtzeitpositionsdaten, 2013

Israel, M.: Entwurf und Integration einesVerkehrsprädiktionsmodells zur Optimierung derFahrstrategie eines Hybridfahrzeugs, 2013

Starke, V.: Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse satellitenbasierterOrtungssysteme mit Hilfe kybernetischer Modellierung,2013

Losch, M.: System Dynamics Modellierung zur Anal-yse des veränderten Nutzerverhaltens durch GNSS imSchienenverkehr, 2013

Tote, M.: Anwendung von Petri Netzen zur Maschinen-und Produktionskonzeption einer Digitaldruckanlage,2014

Friederich, M.: Prüfung Fahrzeugbordnetz, 2014

Kenzler, E.: Evaluation von Tools zum zustandsbasiertenTesten vernetzter E/E-Funktionen, 2014

Yury, K.: Konstruktion eines Gehäuses für einen Trak-tionswechselrichter für Automotive-Anwendungen, 2014

Held, O.: Entwicklung eines Migrations-Frameworksfür GNSS basiertes Zugleitsystem, 2014

Penner, J.: Bedarfsgerechte Steuerung einer Lichtsig-nalanlage, 2014 Rothe, R.: Der Risikobegriff im Wandel,2014

Kuck, S.: Unterschiede im Zulassungsprozess von Kraft-fahrzeugen und Fahrerassistenzsystemen in Deutschlandund den USA, 2014

Geffert, A.: Optimierung eines Fahrzeug-Modells zurBerechnung des Energieverbrauchs und zur Unter-suchung des elektrischen ÖPNV-Betriebs, 2014

Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigHermann-Blenk-Str. 4238108 Braunschweig

institute report 2014 - tu braunschweig · institute report 2014 from ifra to iva - 25th...

Documents