institut für agrartechnologie und biosystemtechnik possibilities of using the drip irrigation...
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Institut für Agrartechnologie und Biosystemtechnik
Possibilities of using the drip irrigation laterals on centre pivot irrigation
machines
Jano Anter, Dr. Heinz Sourell, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann,
Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, GermanyInstitute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering
27 June 2012, Adelaide
German National Committee of ICID (GECID)
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3Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
Contents
• Irrigation in Germany
• Advantages & disadvantages of drip irrigation and center pivot
• Steps to mobile drip irrigation
• Technical aspects
• Costs analysis
• Summary
4Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
Irrigation in Germany
• 3% of the agricultural land are irrigated in Germany
• Humid climate, dry periods, sandy soils
• Cultures worth of irrigation: i.e. Potatos, Sugar beets
• Use of modern irrigation techniques
• The techniques are developed in terms of claims by farmers:- Water distrubtion - Intensity of labour - Water-efficient - Energy consumption
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Water distribution-systems
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Advantages & disadvantages of drip irrigation
+High water use efficiencyLow water lossesLow energy requirementsPossibility of chemigation
-High total costsHigh labour requirements for the assembly and disassembly
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Advantages & disadvantages of center pivot with sprinkler
+Full-Automatic machine managementLow labour requirementsModerate capital requirementSimple to use
-Water lossesWind drift High energy requirements
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Operating costs
Center Pivot
Drip Irrigation
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Steps to mobile drip irrigation
Drip irrigation Center pivot
Mobile Drip Irrigation
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Installation of mobile drip irrigation by centre pivot
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Field experiments
The Center pivot consisting 9 towers
The total lenght of this pivot machine was approximately 428 m
The total irrigated area of about 57 ha
Drip tubes distance: 0.75 m
In the field investigations, two operating pressures were used at the inlet of the drip tubes (50 kPa and 100 kPa)
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Emitters
Mobile drip irrigation needs emitters that have:
• High discharge (8 l/h & 10 l/h)• Low distance between them (0.15 m)
To reduce the lenght of drip tubes and the numbers of emitters
• High emission uniformity (over 95 %)• Low coefficient of variation (lower than 5 %)
To enhance irrigation water distrubtion on the soil surface
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Length of drip tubes at two pressures
- The lenght of the drip tubes is dependent upon the emitter discharge and the distance from the pivot point
- The lenght of the drip tubes increases as the distance from the pivot point grows
- For the stability of the centre pivot irrigator, additional friction force is
important
- The friction force at 50 kPa were higher than the friction force at 100 kPa (2470 N & 1743 N at the ninth tower)
- This force is suitable for the electric motors which are mounted on each tower.
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Length of drip tubes at two pressures
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Lateral length of center pivot, m
Leng
th o
f dr
ip t
ubes
, m
50 kPa
100 kPa
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Costs analysis (Capital requirement)
Item Unit Center Pivot sprinkler
Stationary drip irrigation
Mobile drip irrigation
Irrigated area ha 57.55 57.55 57.55Water required m3/ha 200 64 160No. of irrigations per season 5 12.5 5Total water required m3/ha per season 1000 800 800Energy requirement kWh/(ha*a) 360 128 208Total working time h/ha/season 0.5 9.975 0.75
Capital requirement (Initial cost)
€ 60,572 132,20056,225 * 15,487**
71,722 (Total)* = Pivot machine without sprinklers** = Only drip tubes, emitters and regulators
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Costs analysis (Operating costs)
276209
906
590
158 127
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
SDI MDI CPSIrrigation system
Tot
al y
early
cos
ts,
Eur
o/ha
One season
Two seasons
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Summary
• High water efficiency / Water saving up to 20%
• Energy conservation up to 40%
• The total costs of MDI were close to the total costs of a CP
• For the same area we need only 1,6 % respectively of the tubes that would needed for a SDI
• Filtering of the water can become important
• Further experiments with other plants is necessary
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Many thanks for your attention!