installing oracle database 11g release 1 on enterprise linux 5 (32- and 64-bit)

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DBA: L inux

Installing Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 on Enterprise Linux 5

(32- and 64-bit)by John Smiley

Learn the basics of installing Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 on Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 (or RHEL5) from the bare metal up (forevaluation purposes only).

ContentsOverviewPart I: Installing LinuxPart II: Configuring Linux for Oracle

Create DirectoriesCreate the Oracle Groups and User AccountConfigure Linux Kernel ParametersSet Shell Limits for the oracle User

Part III: Installing OracleInstall the Software

Part IV: Configuring StorageFilesystemsAutomatic Storage Management

ConclusionAppendix

Published January 2008

Downloads for this guide:Oracle Enterprise Linux 5Oracle Database 11gRelease 1ASMLib

Overview

The guide provides a walkthrough of installing an Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 database on commodity hardware for the purpose ofevaluation. If you are new to Linux and/or Oracle, this guide is for you. It starts with the basics and walks you through an installation ofOracle Database 11gRelease 1 from the bare metal up. Both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures are covered. Unless otherwise indicated,the installation steps are the same for either.

This guide will take the approach of offering the easiest paths, with the fewest number of steps for accomplishing a task. This approachoften means making configuration choices that would be inappropriate for anything other than an evaluation. For that reason, this guideis not appropriate for building production-quality environments, nor does it reflect best practices.

This guide is divided into four parts: Part I covers the installation of the Linux operating system, Part II covers configuring Linux forOracle, Part III discusses the essentials of installing the Oracle Database, and Part IV covers creating additional filesystems and

Automatic Storage Management (ASM). The Appendix provides information to help you get started using your new database includinghow to access the database interactively and how to stop and start the database and related services.

Part I: Installing Enterprise Linux 5

This section describes how to install Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 (OEL5) on your hardware (but the same steps will apply for RHEL5).Please take a moment to make sure that your hardware meets or exceeds the minimum hardware requirements for Oracle Database 11gRelease 1.

Minimum hardware requirements:

32-bit (x86)

ling Oracle Database 11g Release 1 on Oracle Enterprise Linux http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/smiley-11gr1-ins

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x86 compatible CPU1 GB RAM10 GB available disk space (3.5 GB for the Oracle software +1.5 GB for the database +3 GB for OEL5 +2 GB swap)

64-bit (x86_64)

x86_64 compatible CPU1 GB RAM

10.5 GB available disk space (4 GB for the Oracle software +1.5 GB for the database +3 GB for OEL5 +2 GB swap)

Note: Both Linux and Oracle must be installed for the same architecture. 32-bit Oracle will only run on 32-bit Linux and 64-bit Oraclewill only run on 64-bit Linux.

Now, let's walk through the process of installing the Linux operating system on a server. The instructions assume a fresh install of Linux(as opposed to an upgrade), that the server will be dedicated to Oracle, and that no other operating systems or data are on the server.

Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 is certified to run the base release of OEL5 without updates. Free copies of OEL5 are available fordownload.

Boot the server using the first CD or DVDYou may need to change your BIOS settings to allow booting from the CD/DVD.

1.

The boot screen appears with theboot : prompt at the bottom of the screen.SelectEnter to continue with a graphical install on the console.

The installer scans your hardware

2.

Oracle Enterprise Linux splash screenClick onNext

3.

Language SelectionAccept the default.

4.

Keyboard ConfigurationAccept the default.

5.

Install or UpgradeSelect Install and click onNext

6.

Disk Partitioning SetupA thorough treatment of disk partitioning is beyond the scope of this guide, which assumes that you are familiar with diskpartitioning methods.WARNING: Improperly partitioning a disk is one of the surest and fastest ways towipe out everything on your harddisk. If you are unsure how to proceed, stop and get help, or you will risk losing data!)

Accept the default partition layout. Note that the default layout is sufficient for an evaluation, but would not beappropriate for other purposes. The default layout may create a swap partition that is smaller than the Oracle guidelinesrecommend. This is also sufficient for an evaluation.

7.

Network ConfigurationIt is usually best to configure database servers with a static IP address. To do so, click onEdit .A pop-up window appears. Uncheck theConfigure using DHCP box, and enter the IP Address and Netmask for theserver. Be sure thatActivate on boot is checked, and click onOK.In the Hostname box, select manually and enter the hostname.In the Miscellaneous Settings box, enter the remaining network settings.

8.

Time Zone SelectionChoose the time settings that are appropriate for your area. Setting the system clock to UTC is usually a good practice forservers. To do so, select onSystem clock uses UTC.

9.

Set Root PasswordEnter a password for root, and enter it again to confirm.

10.

Package InstallationThis guide will follow the Oracle recommended practice of using a "default RPMs" installation. Accept the defaultsoftware selection and click onNext.Additional RPMs are required to run Oracle Database 11gRelease 1. These will be installed later.

11.

Installing PackagesSoftware will be copied to the hard disk and installed. Change disks as prompted.

12.

After software installation is completeRemove any boot CD/DVD media.Click onNext.

13.

WelcomeClick onForward

14.

License AgreementRead the license agreement. If you agree to the terms, selectYes, I agree to the License Agreement and click on

15.


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gccgcc-c++libaio-devellibstdc++-develunixODBCunixODBC-develsysstat

To install the remaining packages, mount the Oracle Enterprise Linux media and move to the directory containing the RPMs.

Some required packages are dependent upon other packages, so the dependant packages must be installed as well. Login as root andrun the following commands to install the remaining required packages and their dependent packages. (Warning: packages often movefrom disk to disk across different releases.)

Mount CD 2

cd cd_ mount _ poi nt / Ser ver

rpm- i vh el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel * gl i bc- devel - 2* gl i bc-headers- 2* gcc- 4* l i bgomp- 4* gcc-c++- 4*l i bst dc++- devel - 4*

Ex:# rpm- i vh el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel * gl i bc-devel - 2* gl i bc- header s- 2* gcc-4* l i bgomp- 4* gcc- c++- 4*l i bst dc++- devel - 4*warni ng: compat - l i bst dc++- 33- 3. 2. 3- 61. i 386. r pm: Header V3 DSA si gnat ure: NOKEY, key I D 1e5e0159Pr epar i ng. . . ########################################### [ 100%]1: l i bgomp ########################################### [ 25%]2: gl i bc- header s ########################################### [ 33%]3: gl i bc- devel ########################################### [ 42%]4: gcc ########################################### [ 50%]5: gcc- c++ ########################################### [ 58%]6: el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel - s########################################### [ 92%]7: el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel ########################################### [ 100%]8: l i bs t dc++- devel - 4 ########################################### [ 100%]

Mount CD 3

cd cd_ mount _ poi nt / Ser ver

r pm - i vh compat - l i bst dc++- 33* l i bai o-devel * sysstat* uni xODBC*

Ex:# r pm - i vh compat- l i bst dc++- 33* l i bai o-devel * sysstat * uni xODBC*warni ng: sysst at - 7. 0. 0-3. el 5. i 386. r pm: Header V3 DSA si gnature: NOKEY, key I D 1e5e0159Pr epar i ng. . . ########################################### [ 100%]1: uni xODBC ########################################### [ 8%]2: l i bai o- devel ########################################### [ 75%]3: compat - l i bst dc++- 33 ########################################### [ 83%]4: sysst at ########################################### [ 100%]

To verify that the required packages have been installed on your system, run the following command:

rpm- q compat - l i bst dc++- 33 el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel gl i bc- devel - 2. 5 gcc gcc-c++ l i bai o- devel l i bst dc++- devel \uni xODBC uni xODBC- devel sysstat bi nut i l s el f ut i l s- l i bel f gl i bc gl i bc- common l i bai o l i bgcc l i bst dc++ make

Ex:# rpm- q compat - l i bstdc++- 33 el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel gl i bc-devel - 2. 5 gcc gcc- c++ l i bai o-devel l i bst dc++- devel \> uni xODBC uni xODBC- devel sysstat bi nut i l s el f ut i l s- l i bel f gl i bc gl i bc- common l i bai o l i bgcc l i bst dc++ makecompat- l i bst dc++- 33-3. 2. 3- 61el f ut i l s - l i bel f - devel -0 .125-3 .el 5

gl i bc-devel - 2. 5- 12gcc-4. 1. 1- 52. el 5gcc- c++- 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5l i bai o- devel - 0. 3. 106- 3. 2l i bstdc++- devel - 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5uni xODBC- 2. 2. 11- 7. 1uni xODBC- devel - 2. 2. 11- 7. 1sysstat- 7. 0. 0- 3. el 5bi nut i l s-2. 17. 50. 0. 6- 2. el 5el fut i l s - l i bel f - 0. 125-3. el 5gl i bc-2.5-12gl i bc- common- 2. 5-12l i bai o- 0. 3. 106- 3. 2l i bgcc- 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5l i bstdc++- 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5make- 3. 81- 1. 1


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64-bit (x86_64) Installations

Required kernel version: 2.6.18 This kernel, or any of the kernels supplied in updates, works with Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 .

Check your kernel version by running the following command:

uname - r m

Ex:# uname - r m2. 6. 18- 8. el 5 x86_64

Required package versions (or later):

binutils-2.17.50.0.6compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)elfutils-libelf-0.125elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125gcc-4.1.1gcc-c++-4.1.1glibc-2.5-12glibc-2.5-12 (32 bit)

glibc-common-2.5glibc-devel-2.5glibc-devel-2.5-12 (32 bit)libaio-0.3.106libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)libaio-devel-0.3.106libgcc-4.1.1libgcc-4.1.1 (32 bit)libstdc++-4.1.1libstdc++-4.1.1 (32 bit)libstdc++-devel 4.1.1make-3.81sysstat-7.0.0

Note that there are a number of packages where both the 64-bit and 32-bit RPMs must be installed. Fortunately, both are provided onthe 64-bit Linux installation media.

If you've performed a "default RPMs" install as suggested by Oracle, there are still some required packages that must be installed:

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125gcc-4.1.1gcc-c++-4.1.1glibc-devel-2.5glibc-devel-2.5-12 (32 bit)libaio-devel-0.3.106libstdc++-devel 4.1.1sysstat-7.0.0

To install the remaining packages, mount the Oracle Enterprise Linux media and move to the directory containing the RPMs.

Some required packages are dependent upon other packages, so the dependant packages must be installed as well. Login as root andrun the following commands to install the remaining required packages and their dependent packages:

Mount CD 2

mount - t i so9660 - r / dev/ cdr om / medi acd / medi a/ Ser ver

rpm- i vh el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel *. x86_64. rpmgl i bc- devel - 2* gcc-4*. x86_64. rpmgcc- c++- 4*. x86_64. rpml i bst dc++- devel - 4*. x86_64. r pm gl i bc- headers*. x86_64. r pm l i bgomp*. x86_64. r pm

Ex:


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# rpm- i vh el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel *. x86_64. rpmgl i bc- devel - 2* gcc- 4*. x86_64. r pm gcc- c++- 4*. x86_64. r pml i bst dc++- devel - 4*. x86_64. r pm gl i bc- headers*. x86_64. r pm l i bgomp*. x86_64. r pmwarni ng: el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel - 0. 125- 3. el 5. x86_64. r pm: Header V3 DSA si gnature: NOKEY, key I D 1e5e0159Pr epar i ng. . . ########################################### [ 100%]1: gl i bc- header s ########################################### [ 11%]2: gl i bc- devel ########################################### [ 22%]3: l i bgomp ########################################### [ 33%]4: gcc ########################################### [ 44%]5: l i bst dc++- devel ########################################### [ 56%]6: gcc- c++ ########################################### [ 67%]7: gl i bc- devel ########################################### [ 78%]

8: el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel - s########################################### [ 89%]9: el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel ########################################### [ 100%]

cd /ej ect

Mount CD 3


r pm - i vh compat - l i bst dc++- 33* l i bai o-devel *. x86_64. r pm

Ex:# r pm - i vh compat- l i bst dc++- 33* l i bai o-devel *. x86_64. r pmwarni ng: compat - l i bst dc++- 33- 3. 2. 3- 61. i 386. r pm: Header V3 DSA si gnat ure: NOKEY, key I D 1e5e0159Pr epar i ng. . . ########################################### [ 100%]1: l i bai o- devel ########################################### [ 33%]

2: compat - l i bst dc++- 33 ########################################### [ 67%]3: compat - l i bst dc++- 33 ########################################### [ 100%]

cd /ej ect

Mount CD 4


rpm- i vh sysstat *

Ex:# rpm - i vh sysstat*warni ng: sysst at - 7. 0. 0-3. el 5. x86_64. r pm: Header V3 DSA si gnature: NOKEY, key I D 1e5e0159Pr epar i ng. . . ########################################### [ 100%]

1: sysst at ########################################### [ 100%]

To verify that the required packages have been installed on your system, run the following command:

r pm - q - - queryf or mat "%{NAME}-%{VERSI ON}- %{RELEASE} (%{ARCH}) \ n" bi nuti l s \compat - l i bstdc++- 33 el f uti l s- l i bel f el f ut i l s- l i bel f - devel gcc gcc- c++ gl i bc \gl i bc- common gl i bc- devel - 2. 5 l i bai o l i bai o- devel l i bgcc l i bst dc++ l i bstdc++- devel \make sysst at

Ex:# r pm - q - - quer yf or mat " %{NAME}-%{VERSI ON}- %{RELEASE} ( %{ARCH}) \ n" bi nut i l s \> compat- l i bstdc++- 33 el f uti l s- l i bel f el f uti l s- l i bel f - devel gcc gcc- c++ gl i bc \> gl i bc-common gl i bc-devel - 2. 5 l i bai o l i bai o- devel l i bgcc l i bstdc++ l i bst dc++- devel \> make sysst atbi nut i l s- 2. 17. 50. 0. 6- 2. el 5 ( x86_64)compat- l i bst dc++- 33-3. 2. 3- 61 ( i 386)compat - l i bst dc++- 33- 3. 2. 3-61 ( x86_64)

el f ut i l s - l i bel f - 0. 125- 3. el 5 ( x86_64)el f uti l s- l i bel f - devel - 0. 125- 3. el 5 (x86_64)gcc- 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5 ( x86_64)gcc- c++- 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5 ( x86_64)gl i bc- 2. 5- 12 ( i 686)gl i bc- 2. 5- 12 (x86_64)gl i bc- common- 2. 5-12 ( x86_64)gl i bc- devel - 2. 5- 12 (x86_64)gl i bc- devel - 2. 5- 12 (i 386)l i bai o-0. 3. 106- 3. 2 ( x86_64)l i bai o- 0. 3. 106- 3. 2 ( i 386)l i bai o-devel - 0. 3. 106- 3. 2 ( x86_64)l i bgcc-4. 1. 1- 52. el 5 ( x86_64)l i bgcc- 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5 ( i 386)l i bst dc++- 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5 ( x86_64)l i bst dc++- 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5 ( i 386)l i bst dc++- devel - 4. 1. 1- 52. el 5 ( x86_64)


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make- 3. 81- 1. 1 ( x86_64)sysstat- 7. 0. 0- 3. el 5 ( x86_64)

Part I I: Configuring Linux for Oracle

Now that the Linux software is installed, you need to configure it for Oracle. This section walks through the steps required to configureLinux for Oracle Database 11gRelease 1.

Create the Oracle Groups and User Account

Next, create the Linux groups and user account that will be used to install and maintain the Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 software.The user account will be called oracle, and the groups will be oinstall and dba. Execute the following commands as root:

/ usr/ sbi n/ gr oupadd oi nst al l/ usr/ sbi n/ gr oupadd dba/ usr/ sbi n/ useradd - m - g oi nst al l - G dba oracl ei d oracl e

Ex:# / usr/ sbi n/ groupadd oi nst al l# / usr / sbi n/ gr oupadd dba# / usr/ sbi n/ useradd -m - g oi nstal l - G dba oracl e# i d orac leui d=501( oracl e) gi d=502(oi nst al l ) gr oups=502( oi nstal l ) , 503(dba)

Set the password on the oracle account:

passwd oracl e

Ex:# passwd oracl eChangi ng password f or user oracl e.New passwor d:Retype new passwor d:passwd: al l aut hent i cat i on t okens updated successf ul l y.

Create Directories

Now create directories to store the Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 software and the database files. This guide adheres to the OptimalFlexible Architecture (OFA) for the naming conventions used in creating the directory structure. For more information on OFAstandards, see Appendix D of theOracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release 1 (11.1) for Linux.

The following assumes that the directories are being created in the root filesystem. This is done for the sake of simplicity and is notrecommended as a general practice. These directories would normally be created as separate filesystems.

Issue the following commands as root:

mkdi r - p / u01/ app/ oracl echown -R or acl e: oi nst al l / u01/ appchmod - R 775 / u01/ app

Configuring the Linux Kernel Parameters

Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 requires the kernel parameter settings shown below. The values given are minimums, so if your systemuses a larger value, don't change it. Linux allows modification of most kernel parameters while the system is up and running, so there'sno need to reboot the system after making kernel parameter changes.

ker nel . shmal l = 2097152kernel . shmmax = 536870912kernel . shmmni = 4096kernel . sem = 250 32000 100 128f s. f i l e- max = 65536net. i pv4. i p_l ocal _por t _r ange = 1024 65000net . cor e. r mem_def aul t =4194304net . cor e. wmem_def aul t =262144net . cor e. r mem_max=4194304net . cor e. wmem_max=262144

Note that OEL 5 already has values defined for kernel.shmall and kernel.shmmax. Use the default values if they are the same or largerthan the required values.


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If you're following along and have just installed Linux, the kernel parameters will all be at their default values and you can just cut andpaste the following commands while logged in as root.

cat >> / etc/ sysct l . conf / et c/ sysctl . conf ker nel . sem = 250 32000 100 128> f s. f i l e- max = 65536> net . i pv4. i p_l ocal _port _r ange = 1024 65000> net . core. r mem_def aul t =4194304> net . cor e. wmem_def aul t =262144> net . cor e. r mem_max=4194304> net . cor e. wmem_max=262144> EOF# / sbi n/ sysct l - p

net. i pv4. i p_f orward = 0net . i pv4. conf . def aul t . rp_f i l ter = 1net . i pv4. conf . def aul t . accept _source_rout e = 0kernel . sysrq = 0kernel . core_uses_pi d = 1net . i pv4. t cp_syncooki es = 1kernel . msgmnb = 65536kernel . msgmax = 65536kernel . shmmax = 4294967295kernel . shmal l = 268435456kernel . shmmni = 4096kernel . sem = 250 32000 100 128f s. f i l e- max = 65536net. i pv4. i p_l ocal _por t _r ange = 1024 65000net . core. r mem_defaul t = 4194304net . cor e. wmem_def aul t = 262144net . cor e. r mem_max = 4194304net . cor e. wmem_max = 262144

Run the following commands as root to verify your settings:

/ sbi n/ sysctl - a | grep shm/ sbi n/ sysctl - a | grep sem/ sbi n/ sysctl - a | grep f i l e- max/ sbi n/ sysctl - a | grep i p_l ocal _port _range/ sbi n/ sysctl - a | gr ep rmem_def aul t/ sbi n/ sysct l - a | grep r mem_max/ sbi n/ sysct l - a | grep wmem_def aul t/ sbi n/ sysct l - a | grep wmem_max

Ex:# / sbi n/ sysctl - a | grep shmkernel . shmmni = 4096kernel . shmal l = 268435456kernel . shmmax = 4294967295

ker nel . shm- use- bi gpages = 0# / sbi n/ sysctl - a | grep semkernel . sem = 250 32000 100 128# / sbi n/ sysct l - a | grep f i l e- maxf s. f i l e- max = 65536# / sbi n/ sysctl - a | grep i p_l ocal _port _rangenet. i pv4. i p_l ocal _por t _r ange = 1024 65000# / sbi n/ sysctl - a | gr ep r mem_def aul tnet . core. r mem_defaul t = 4194304# / sbi n/ sysct l - a | gr ep r mem_maxnet . cor e. r mem_max = 4194304# / sbi n/ sysct l - a | gr ep wmem_def aul tnet . cor e. wmem_def aul t = 262144# / sbi n/ sysct l - a | grep wmem_maxnet . cor e. wmem_max = 262144


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Setting shell limits for the oracle user

Oracle recommends setting limits on the number of processes and open files each Linux account may use. To make these changes, cutand paste the following commands as root:

cat >> / etc/ secur i t y/ l i mi t s. conf / etc/ pam. d/ l ogi n / etc/ pr of i l e / etc/ csh. l ogi n


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Log in using the oracle account.

Change directory to the directory containing the Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 software.

Ex:$ cd $HOME/ 11gR1_db/ dat abase

Start the Oracle Universal Installer.

$ . / runI nstal l er

Select Installation Method1.Select Basic InstallationOracle Base Location: /u01/app/oracleOracle Home Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1Installation Type: Enterprise Edition (3.3GB)UNIX DBA Group: dbaMake sure Create Starter Database is checkedGlobal Database Name: demo1Enter the Database Password and Confirm PasswordClick on Next

Specify Inventory Directory and CredentialsInventory Directory: /u01/app/oraInventory

Operating System group name: oinstallClick on Next

2.

Product-specific Prerequisite ChecksIf you've been following the steps in this guide, all the checks should pass without difficulty. You may receive a warningrelated to swap file size if the default partition layout was used during OEL5 installation. This may be safely ignored . Ifone or more checks fail, correct the problem before proceeding.Click on Next

3.

Oracle Configuration Manager RegistrationLeave this disabled for the demo and click on Next

4.

SummaryA summary of the products being installed is presented.Click on Install.

5.

InstallInstallation progress is displayed

6.

Configuration Assistants7.The Oracle Net, Oracle Database, and iSQL*Plus configuration assistants will run automaticallyTake note of the information presented in the Database Configuration Assistant pop-up window and click on OK.

Execute Configuration Scripts8.At the end of the installation, a pop up window will appear indicating scripts that need to be run as root. Login as root andrun the indicated scripts.Click on OK when finished.

End of InstallationMake note of the URLs presented in the summary, and click on Exit when ready.

9.

Congratulations! Your new Oracle Database 11gRelease 1 database is up and ready for use.10.

Part IV: Configuring Storage

The database we created in Part III used a single filesystem for disk storage. However, there are several other ways to configure storage

for an Oracle database.

This section explores other methods of configuring disk storage for a database. In particular, it describes creating an additionalfilesystem and using Automatic Storage Management (ASM).

Partition the Disks

In order to use either file systems or ASM, you must have unused disk partitions available. This section describes how to create thepartitions that will be used for new file systems and for ASM.

WARNING: Improperly partitioning a disk is one of the surest and fastest ways to wipe out everything on your harddisk. If you are unsure how to proceed, stop and get help, or you will risk losing data.


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This example uses /dev/sda (an empty disk with no existing partitions) to create a single partition for the entire disk.

Ex:# f di sk / dev/sda

The number of cyl i nder s f or t hi s di sk i s set t o 30401.There i s nothi ng wr ong wi t h t hat , but t hi s i s l arger t han 1024,and coul d i n cer t ai n set ups cause pr obl ems wi t h:1) sof t ware that r uns at boot t i me (e. g. , ol d ver si ons of LI LO)2) boot i ng and par t i t i oni ng sof t ware f r omot her OSs( e. g. , DOS FDI SK, OS/ 2 FDI SK)

Command ( m f or hel p): p

Di sk / dev/ sda: 250. 0 GB, 250059350016 bytes255 heads, 63 sector s/ t r ack, 30401 cyl i nder sUni t s = cyl i nders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 byt es

Devi ce Boot St art End Bl ocks I d Syst em

Command ( m f or hel p): nCommand act i one extendedp pr i mar y part i t i on ( 1- 4)pPar t i t i on number ( 1- 4) : 1Fi rst cyl i nder ( 1- 30401, def aul t 1) :Usi ng def aul t val ue 1Last cyl i nder or +si ze or +si zeM or +si zeK ( 1-30401, def aul t 30401) :

Usi ng def aul t val ue 30401

Command ( m f or hel p): wThe part i t i on t abl e has been al t ered!

Cal l i ng i octl () to re- read part i t i on t abl e.Synci ng di sks.

Now verify the new partition:

Ex:# fdisk - l / dev/sda

Di sk / dev/ sda: 250. 0 GB, 250059350016 byt es255 heads, 63 sectors/ t rack, 30401 cyl i ndersUni t s = cyl i nders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Devi ce Boot Star t End Bl ocks I d Syst em/ dev/ sda1 1 30401 244196001 83 Li nux

Repeat the above steps for each disk to be partitioned. The following section on Filesystems uses a single disk partition, /dev/sda1. TheASM example uses two disks: /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1.

Filesystems

Filesystems are the most widely used means of storing data file, redo logs, and control files for Oracle databases. Filesystems are easy toimplement and require no third-party software to administer.

In most cases, filesystems are created during the initial installation of Linux. However, there are times when a new filesystem must becreated after the initial installation, such as when a new disk drive is being installed.

This section describes building a new filesystem and using it in an Oracle database. Unless otherwise noted, all commands must be runas root.

Create the Filesystem

Use ext3 to create this new filesystem. Other filesystems work just as well, but ext3 offers the fastest recovery time in the event of asystem crash.

Ex:# mke2fs - j / dev/sda1mke2fs 1. 39 ( 29- May- 2006)Fi l esysteml abel=OS type: Li nuxBl ock si ze=4096 (l og=2)Fr agment si ze=4096 ( l og=2)30539776 i nodes, 61049000 bl ocks3052450 bl ocks ( 5. 00%) reser ved for t he super userFi rst data bl ock=0Maxi mumf i l esystembl ocks=01864 bl ock groups32768 bl ocks per gr oup, 32768 f r agments per gr oup


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16384 i nodes per gr oupSuperbl ock backups st ored on bl ocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Wri t i ng i node t abl es: doneCreati ng j ournal ( 32768 bl ocks) : doneWri t i ng superbl ocks and f i l esystemaccounti ng i nformati on: done

Thi s f i l esys t em wi l l be aut omat i cal l y checked ever y 28 mounts or180 days, whi chever comes fi rs t. Use tune2f s - c or - i t o overr i de.

Create the Mount Point

A filesystem must have a mount point, which is simply an empty directory where the new filesystem "attaches" to the system's directorytree. Mount points should be given names consistent with the Oracle Flexible Architecture (OFA) standard. For more information onOFA standards, see Appendix D of theOracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release 1 (11.1) for Linux.

Because the /u01 directory was created in Part I, this example uses /u02.

Ex:# mkdi r / u02

Add the New Filesystem to /etc/fstab

So that the new filesystem will be mounted automatically when the system boots, you need to add a line to the /etc/fstab file thatdescribes the new filesystem and where to mount it. Add a line similar to the one below to /etc/fstab, using a text editor.

/ dev/ sda1 / u02 ext3 def aul t s 1 2

Mount the New Filesystem

Mounting the filesystem makes it available for use. Until the filesystem is mounted, files cannot be stored in it. Use the followingcommands to mount the filesystem and verify that it is available.

mount / u02df - h / u02

Ex:# mount / u02# df - h / u02

Fi l esyst emSi ze Used Avai l Use%Mount ed on/ dev/ sda1 230G 188M 218G 1%/ u02

Create Oracle Directories and Set Permissions

Now create a directory to store your Oracle database files. The directory name used in the example follows the OFA standard namingconvention for a database with ORACLE_SID=demo1.

mkdi r - p / u02/ app/ oracl e/ oradata/ demo1chown - R or acl e: oi nst al l / u02/ appchmod - R 775 / u02/ app

Create a New Tablespace in the New Filesystem

The new filesystem is ready for use. Next you create a new tablespace in the filesystem to store your database objects. Connect to thedatabase as the SYSTEM user, and execute theCREATE TABLESPACE statement, specifying the data file in the new filesystem.

Ex:$ sql pl us

SQL*Pl us: Rel ease 11. 1. 0. 6. 0 - Product i on on Sun Nov 4 15: 19: 00 2007

Copyri ght ( c) 1982, 2007, Oracl e. Al l r i ght s r eser ved.

Ent er user - name: syst emEnt er password:


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Connect ed t o:Or acl e Database 11g Ent er pr i se Edi t i on Rel ease 11. 1. 0. 6. 0 - Product i onWi t h t he Par t i t i oni ng, OLAP, Data Mi ni ng and Real Appl i cat i on Test i ng opt i ons

SQL> cr eat e t abl espace data12 dat af i l e ' / u01/ app/ or acl e/ oradata/ demo1/ dat a1_01. dbf ' si ze 100m3 ext ent management l ocal4 segment space management aut o;

Tabl espace cr eated.

Now you can use the new tablespace to store database objects such as tables and indexes.

Ex:SQL> cr eat e tabl e demotab ( i d number( 5) not nul l pr i mary key,2 name varchar 2(50) not nul l ,3 amount number( 9, 2) )4 t abl espace data1;

Tabl e cr eated.

Automatic Storage Management (ASM)

ASM is a disk storage option that provides the services of a filesystem, logical volume manager, and software RAID in a platform-independent manner. ASM can stripe and mirror your disks, allow disks to be added or removed while the database is under load, andautomatically balance I/O to remove "hot spots." It also supports direct and asynchronous I/O and implements the Oracle Data ManagerAPI (simplified I/O system call interface) introduced in Oracle9i.

ASM is not a general-purpose filesystem and can be used only for Oracle database related files. Files in ASM can be created and namedautomatically by the database (by use of the Oracle Managed Files feature) or manually by the DBA. ASM files are not accessibleusing operating system commands such as ls, cp, and dd. To manage ASM files, use Oracle Enterprise Manager or other Oracleprovided methods.

ASM is implemented as a separate Oracle instance that must be running if other databases are to be able to access it. Memoryrequirements for ASM are light: only 64 MB for most systems.

Installing ASM

ASM can use a variety of storage types including raw partitions, RAID LUNs, and NFS files. For L inux systems, Oracle provides acustom device driver known as ASMLib, which is recommended for most ASM installations on Linux. ASMLib is available for freedownload from OTN. This section walks through the process of configuring a simple ASM instance using ASMLib 2.0 and building adatabase that uses ASM for disk storage.

Determine Which Version of ASMLib You Need

ASMLib 2.0 is delivered as a set of three RPM packages.

oracleasmlib-2.0 - the ASM librariesoracleasm-support-2.0 - utilities needed to administer ASMLiboracleasm - a kernel module for the ASM library that is specific to each kernel

Each Linux distribution has its own set of ASMLib 2.0 packages (OEL 5 uses the same RPMs as Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 AS).Within each distribution, each kernel version has a corresponding oracleasm package. The following paragraphs describe how todetermine which set of packages you need.

First, determine which kernel you are using by logging in as root and running the following command:

uname - r m

Ex:# uname - r m2. 6. 18- 8. el 5 i 686

The example shows that this is a 2.6.18 kernel, patch level 8, for Enterprise Linux 5 on 32-bit x86 compatible hardware (i686).

Use this information to find the correct ASMLib packages on OTN:


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Point your Web browser to http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/linux/asmlib/index.html1.Select the link for your version of Linux (OEL5 users may use the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 AS link).2.Download the oracleasmlib and oracleasm-support packages for your version of L inux. The files are grouped by architecture(AMD64 / Intel em64t for x86_64, IA64 for Itanium, and IA32 for x86). At the top of each section is a Library and Toolsheading. Download both of the files under this heading - these are the support utilities and ASM libraries (oracleasm-support andoracleasmlib, respectively).

3.

Next, download the oracleasm package corresponding to your kernel. In the example above, the oracleasm-2.6.18-8.el5-2.0.4-1.el5.i686.rpm package was used. Note that there are two or three drivers listed under most of the kernelversions. For example:

Drivers for kernel 2.6.18-8.el5

* oracleasm-2.6.18-8.el5xen-2.0.4-1.el5.i686.rpm* oracleasm-2.6.18-8.el5PAE-2.0.4-1.el5.i686.rpm* oracleasm-2.6.18-8.el5-2.0.4-1.el5.i686.rpm

Choose only one of these. In this example, there are drivers for Xen (virtual machine architecture), PAE (for 32-bit systems withmore than 4GB RAM), and the "standard" 32-bit kernel.

Next, install the packages by executing the following command as root:

r pm - Uvh or acl easm- ker nel _ver si on- asml i b_ver si on. cpu_t ype. rpm \oracl easml i b- asml i b_ver si on. cpu_t ype. r pm \

oracl easm- support - asml i b_ver si on. cpu_t ype. r pm

Ex:# rpm- Uvh oracl easm- 2. 6. 18- 8. el 5- 2. 0. 4- 1. el 5. i 686. rpm\> or acl easm- suppor t - 2. 0. 4- 1. el 5. i 386. rpm\oracl easml i b- 2. 0. 3- 1. el 5. i 386. rpmPr epar i ng. . . ########################################### [ 100%]1: or acl easm- suppor t ########################################### [ 33%]2: or acl easm- 2. 6. 18- 8. el 5 ########################################### [ 67%]3: or acl easml i b ########################################### [ 100%]

4.

Configuring ASML ib

Before using ASMLib, you must run a configuration script to prepare the driver. Run the following command as root, and answer theprompts as shown in the example below.

# / etc/ i ni t . d/ oracl easmconf i gure

Conf i gur i ng t he Or acl e ASM l i br ar y dr i ver .

Thi s wi l l conf i gure t he on- boot proper t i es of t he Or acl e ASM l i brarydr i ver . The fol l owi ng quest i ons wi l l det ermi ne whet her t he dr i ver i sl oaded on boot and what permi ssi ons i t wi l l have. The cur r ent val ueswi l l be shown i n br ackets ( ' [ ] ' ) . Hi t t i ng wi t hout t ypi ng ananswer wi l l keep that curr ent val ue. Ct rl - C wi l l abort .

Defaul t user t o own t he dr i ver i nt er f ace [ ] : oracl eDefaul t gr oup to own the dr i ver i nt er f ace [] : dbaSt art Oracl e ASM l i brary dri ver on boot ( y/n) [ n] : yFi x permi ssi ons of Or acl e ASM di sks on boot ( y/ n) [ y]: yWr i t i ng Oracl e ASM l i br ary dri ver conf i gurati on: [ OK ]Loadi ng modul e "or acl easm" : [ OK ]Mount i ng ASMl i b dr i ver f i l esyst em: [ OK ]Scanni ng syst em f or ASM di sks: [ OK ]

Next you tell the ASM driver which disks you want it to use. Oracle recommends that each disk contain a single partition for the entiredisk. See Partitioning the Disks at the beginning of this section for an example of creating disk partitions.

Mark disks for use by ASMLib by running the following command as root:

/ etc/ i ni t . d/ oracl easm cr eat edi sk DI SK_NAME devi ce_name

Tip: Enter the DISK_NAME in UPPERCASE letters.

Ex:# / et c/ i ni t . d/ or acl easm creat edi sk VOL1 / dev/sda1Marki ng di sk "/ dev/ sdb1" as an ASM di sk: [ OK ]# / et c/ i ni t . d/ or acl easm creat edi sk VOL2 / dev/sdb1Marki ng di sk "/ dev/ sdb1" as an ASM di sk: [ OK ]


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Verify that ASMLib has marked the disks:

# / etc / i ni t . d/ oracl easml i s tdi sksVOL1VOL2

Create the ASM Instance

ASM runs as a separate Oracle instance which can be created and configured using the Oracle Universal Installer. Now that ASMLib isinstalled and the disks are marked for use, you can create an ASM instance.

Log in as oracle and start runInstaller:


Select Installation Method1.Select Advanced InstallationClick on Next

Specify Inventory Directory and CredentialsInventory Directory: /u01/app/oraInventoryOperating System group name: oinstallClick on Next

2.

Select Installation Type3.Select Enterprise EditionClick on Next

Install Location4.Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracleName: Or aDB11gASMPath: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/asmNote:Oracle recommends using a different ORACLE_HOME for ASM than the ORACLE_HOME used for the databasefor ease of administration.Click on Next

Product-specific Prerequisite ChecksIf you've been following the steps in this guide, all the checks should pass without difficulty. If one or more checks fail,correct the problem before proceeding.Click on Next

5.

Select Configuration Option6.Select Configure Automatic Storage Management (ASM)Enter the ASM SYS password and confirmClick on Next

Configure Automatic Storage Management7.Disk Group Name: DATARedundancy- Highmirrors data twice.- Normal mirrors data once. This is the default.- External does not mirror data within ASM. This is typically used if an external RAID array is providing redundancy.Add Disks

The disks you configured for use with ASMLib are listed as Candidate Disks. Select each disk you wish to include in thedisk group.Click on Next

Privileged Operating System GroupsDatabase Administrator (OSDBA) Group: dbaDatabase Operator (OSOPER) Group: dbaASM administrator (OSASM) Group: dbaClick on Next

8.

Oracle Configuration Manager RegistrationLeave this disabled for the demoClick on Next

9.


10.

InstallInstallation progress is displayed

11.

Execute Configuration Scripts12.


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At the end of the installation, a pop up window will appear indicating scripts that need to be run as root. Login as root andrun the indicated scripts.Click on OK when finished.

Configuration Assistants13.The Oracle Net, Oracle Database, and iSQL*Plus configuration assistants will run automatically

End of InstallationCick onExit

14.

Congratulations! Your new Oracle ASM Instance is up and ready for use.15.

Create the Database

Once the ASM instance has been created, create a database that uses ASM for storage:

Log in as oracle and start runInstaller:


Select Installation Method1.Select Advanced InstallationClick on Next

Select Installation Type2.Select Enterprise Edition

Click on NextInstall Location3.

Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracleName: Or aDb11g_home1Path: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1Note:Oracle recommends using a different ORACLE_HOME for the database than the ORACLE_HOME used for ASM.Click on Next

Product-specific Prerequisite ChecksIf you've been following the steps in this guide, all the checks should pass without difficulty. If one or more checks fail,correct the problem before proceeding.Click on Next

4.

Select Configuration Option5.Select Create a DatabaseClick on Next

Select Database Configuration6. Select General PurposeClick on Next

Specify Database Configuration Options7.Enter the Global Database Name and SIDClick on Next

Specify Database Config Options8.Accept the defaults or change as desiredClick on Next

Select Database Management Option9.Select Use Database Control for Database ManagementClick on Next

Specify Database Storage Option10.Select Automatic Storage Management (ASM)

Click on NextSpecify Backup and Recovery Options11.Select Do not enable Automated backupsClick on Next

Select ASM Disk Group12.Select the DATA disk group created in the previous sectionClick on Next

Specify Database Schema Passwords13.Select Use the same password for all the accountsEnter the password and confirmClick on Next

Privileged Operating System GroupsDatabase Administrator (OSDBA) Group: dba

14.


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Database Operator (OSOPER) Group: dbaASM administrator (OSASM) Group: dbaClick on Next

Oracle Configuration Manager RegistrationLeave this disabled for the demoClick on Next

15.


16.

Configuration Assistants17.The Oracle configuration assistants will run automaticallyWhen the configuration is complete, a pop-up window will appear with information about the database. Make note of theURL and click on OK when ready.

Execute Configuration Scripts18.At the end of the installation, a pop up window will appear indicating scripts that need to be run as root. Login as root andrun the indicated scripts.Click on OK when finished.

End of InstallationClick onExit

19.

Congratulations! Your new Oracle Database is up and ready for use.20.

Conclusion

Now that your database is up and running, you can begin exploring the many new features offered in Oracle Database 11gRelease 1. Agreat place to start is with Oracle Enterprise Manager. I f you're unsure where to begin, theOracle Database Concepts 11g Release 1and the2-Day DBAguide will help familiarize you with your new database. OTN also has a number of guides designed to help you getthe most out of Oracle Database 11gRelease 1.

Appendix

Accessing the Database with SQL *Plus

Log into Linux as oracle. Set the environment.

Set the Oracle environment variables:

$ . oraenvORACLE_SI D = [ demo1] ? demo1The Or acl e base f or ORACLE_HOME=/ u01/ app/ oracl e/ product / 11. 1. 0/ db_1 i s / u01/ app/ or acl e

Run SQL*Plus:

$ sql pl us

SQL*Pl us: Rel ease 11. 1. 0. 6. 0 - Product i on on Sun Nov 4 23: 56: 47 2007

Copyri ght ( c) 1982, 2007, Or acl e. Al l r i ght s r eserved.

Ent er user - name: / as sysdba

Connect ed t o:Or acl e Database 11g Ent erpri se Edi t i on Rel ease 11. 1. 0. 6. 0 - Product i onWi t h t he Par t i t i oni ng, OLAP, Data Mi ni ng and Real Appl i cat i on Test i ng opt i ons

SQL>

Using Oracle Enterprise Manager 11gDatabase Control

In a Web browser, connect to the URL provided during the installation.

Ex:https://ds1.orademo.org:1158/em (You may have to use the IP address instead of the host name if your database server isnt in yourDNS.)

User Name: SYSTEMPassword: Connect As: Normal


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Click on

Welcome to Oracle Enterprise Manager 11gDatabase Control.

Starting and Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control:

$ emct l st art dbconsol e$ emct l st op dbconsol e

Starting and Stopping the Listener:

The listener accepts connection requests from clients and creates connections to the database once the credentials have beenauthenticated. Before you can use OEM, the listener must be up.

$ l snrct l start

$ l snrct l stop

Starting and Stopping the Database:

The easiest way to start and stop the database is from the OEM Console. To do that from the command line, use SQL*Plus while loggedin as oracle, as follows:

Startup:

$ sql pl us

SQL*Pl us: Rel ease 11. 1. 0. 6. 0 - Product i on on Mon Nov 5 00: 00: 31 2007



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SQL> st ar t upORACLE i nst ance st ar t ed.

Tot al Syst em Gl obal Ar ea 849530880 byt es

Fi xed Si ze 1303216 byt esVar i abl e Si ze 377490768 bytesDat abase Buf f ers 465567744 byt esRedo Buf f ers 5169152 bytesDat abase mount ed.Dat abase opened.

SQL> exi t

Shutdown:

$ sql pl us

SQL*Pl us: Rel ease 11. 1. 0. 6. 0 - Product i on on Mon Nov 5 00: 00: 31 2007




SQL> shut down i mmedi at eDat abase cl osed.Dat abase di smount ed.ORACLE i nst ance shut down.

SQL> exi t

John Smiley [[email protected]] is a senior database engineer at a major online retailer. He is an Oracle Certified Master DBA with20 years of experience with Oracle databases running on all major platforms. He specializes in engineering highly available, high

performance Oracle database systems.


installing oracle database 11g release 1 on enterprise linux 5 (32- and 64-bit)

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