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Installation OverviewLab#2

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Installing Ubuntu Linux is the process of copying operating system files from a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive to hard disk(s) on a system and setting up configuration files so that Linux runs properly on the hardware.

Types of installations:Fresh installationsUpgrades from older releases of Ubuntu

LinuxDual-boot installations.

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Planning the InstallationRequirements

◦Hardware You can view Ubuntu’s list of compatible

and supported hardware at wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupport.

◦RAM (memory) An extremely minimal textual (command-

line system requires 48 megabytes of RAM.

Installing Ubuntu from a live session requires 256 megabytes

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◦CPU Ubuntu Linux requires a minimum of a 200-megahertz

Pentium-class processor

◦Hard disk space The amount of hard disk space Ubuntu requires

depends on which edition of Ubuntu Linux you install, which packages you install, how many languages you install, and how much space you need for user data (your files).

◦BIOS Setup Modern computers can be set up to boot from a

CD/DVD, hard disk, or USB flash drive.

◦CMOS CMOS is the persistent memory that stores hardware

configuration information. To change the BIOS setup, you need to edit the information stored in CMOS.

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Processor ArchitectureUbuntu CDs and DVDs hold

programs compiled to run on a specific processor architecture (class of processors, or CPUs).

help.ubuntu.com/community/ProcessorArch for a detailed list of processors in each architecture.

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Ubuntu ReleasesThe company that supports

Ubuntu, distributes a new release about every six months.

Each release has both a number and a name. The number comprises the last one or two digits of the year and the two digits of the month of the release.

For example, the 9.10 release was released in October 2009.

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Ubuntu Editions

Each Ubuntu release disk is called an edition.

For example : DVD , Desktop CD , Server CD .. Etc.

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Installing a Fresh Copy or Upgrading an Existing Ubuntu System?Clean install

◦ An installation, sometimes referred to as a clean install, writes all fresh data to a disk. The installation program overwrites all system programs and data as well as the kernel.

◦Alternatively, you can perform a clean install on an existing system without overwriting data by setting up a dual-boot system

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Upgrade ◦An upgrade replaces all installed

software packages with the most recent version available on the new release.

◦During an upgrade, the installation program preserves both system configuration and user data files.

◦An upgrade brings utilities that are present in the old release up-to-date and installs new utilities.

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Setting Up the Hard DiskFree space

◦The area of a partitioned disk that is not occupied by partitions.

A partition, or slice, ◦is a logical section of a hard disk that

has a device name, such as /dev/sda1.

◦For normal use, you must create at least one partition on a hard disk

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Filesystems◦When the Ubuntu installer creates a

partition, it automatically writes a filesystem to the partition.

◦Ubuntu Linux typically creates ext4 filesystems for data.

◦Windows uses FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS filesystems.

Partition table ◦A partition table holds information

about the partitions on a hard disk

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Primary, Extended, and Logical PartitionsAt most, a disk can hold four

primary partitions. You can divide one (and only one) of these primary partitions into multiple logical partitions; this divided primary partition is called an extended partition.

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Mount PointsA filesystem on a partition holds no

information about where it will be mounted in the directory hierarchy.

When you use the installer to create most partitions, you specify the:◦ Type of filesystem to be written to the

partition ◦name of a directory that Ubuntu

associates with the partition.(such as /usr/local, which is frequently

used as a mount point).

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Partitioning a Disk Guided PartitioningIt can be difficult to plan partition sizes

appropriately if you are not familiar with Linux. During installation, Ubuntu provides guided partitioning.

Without asking any questions, guided partitioning divides the portion into two partitions. ◦ One partition is the swap partition, which can be any

size from512 megabytes to 2 or more gigabytes.

◦ The other partition is designated as / (root) and contains the remainder of the disk space.

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Manual Partitioning: Planning Partitions

If you decide to manually partition the hard disk and set up partitions other than a root partition (/) and a swap partition, first consider which kinds of activities will occur under each top-level subdirectory.

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 Installing Ubuntu LinuxNote: Don’t try the following way for

installation , wait for the next lab.

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 Installing Ubuntu LinuxStep 1 : Insert the ubuntu cd in the cd

drive and boot the computer from cd.

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Step 2 : Now you will see ubuntu menu, you can choose Try ubuntu without installing option to try ubuntu without actually installing it on your hard drive. For installing ubuntu choose the second optionInstall Ubuntu.

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Step 3 : Ubuntu will start now initialize and after few minutes you can see the installation wizard.

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Step 4 : Click Forward and it will check the minimum requirements for running ubuntu on your PC. If everything is fine you can see green colored tick marks.

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Step 5 : Now you can choose either erase and use entire disk option or specify partitions manually option.

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Select free space and click on Add option to create a new partition and choose partition type as primary, size around 70% of the free space available or choose anything like 10,000 or 20,000mb, use as ext3 journaling file system and select mount point as /.

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Now again select free space from the table and click add option. Now select size to be around 300mb, use as ext3 journaling file system and select mount point as /boot.

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Now again select free space from the table and click add option. Now select size to be around twice the size of your ram that is around 1000 mb if your ram size is 512mb and select use as swap area and click ok.

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Step 6 : Click Install now button and then the wizard will ask you location. Select your location and click forward.

Step 7 : While you are selecting these options wizard will continue to copy files. Now select your desired keyboard layout and click forward.

Step 8 : Now fill in the details about yourself. Fill your name, computer name, choose a username and create a password and click forward and let ubuntu copy all the essential files.

Step 9 : After all files have been copied and installed ubuntu will display a message saying that installation complete and click on restart button to restart your computer. Remove the cd from the cd drive.

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Step 10 : After restarting your pc wait for the ubuntu to load and then it  will display the login screen. Choose the user and enter password and click login.

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Windows and GNU/Linux

Windows must be installed into a primary partition (and in older systems this must be the first partition).

Linux can be installed into a partition in any position on the hard drive and can also be installed into logical partitions (within the extended partition).

If Linux is installed into a logical partition within the extended partition, it is unaffected by changes in the primary partitions.

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Setting Up a Dual-Boot System

A dual-boot system is one that can boot one of two (or more) operating systems.

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Creating Free Space on a Windows SystemAdd a new hard diskUse existing free space

◦ but there is rarely enough free spaceResize Windows partitionsRemove a Windows partition

◦ If you can delete a big enough Windows partition, you can install Linux in its place.

◦ To delete a Windows partition, you must have multiple partitions under Windows and be willing to lose the data in the partition you delete.

◦ For more see page 76,77

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References :A Practical Guide to Ubuntu LinuxTHIRD EDITION