Install Software

UNIX Shell

•The UNIX/LINUX shell is a program important part of a Unix system. interface between the user & UNIX kernel starts running when you log interprets the commands that you type. Before runs commands, determines whether

cmd is

What a UNIX/LINUX shell•Al shells derive many of their features from

the Bourne shell, or /bin/sh•Every Unix system needs the Bourne shell to

function correctly•bash is the default shell for most Linux

distributionsWhen a user is created, many startup files are

placed in their home directory: .bash_logout, .bash_profile, .bashrc...

Compress file•gzip(gunzip), bzip2 (bunzip2) ,zip (unzip) : •compress and replace

▫ gzip(bzip2) mydata.doc▫ zip mydata.zip mydata.doc

• tar: archiving, support gzip(-z) & bzip2 (-j)▫ archiving: tar -cvfmyarchive.tar mydirectory/▫ de-archiving: tar -xvfmyarchive.tar

mydirectory/▫ combine with gzip

compress: tar -zcvfpics.tar.gz *.jpg decompress: tar -zxvfpics.tar.gz

Compress File•gzip(gunzip), bzip2 (bunzip2) ,zip (unzip)

: compress and replace▫ gzip(bzip2) mydata.doc▫ zip mydata.zipmydata.doc

•tar: archiving, support gzip(-z) & bzip2 (-j)▫ archiving: tar -cvfmyarchive.tarmydirectory/▫ de-archiving: tar -

xvfmyarchive.tarmydirectory/▫ combine with gzip▫ compress: tar -zcvfpics.tar.gz*.jpg ▫ decompress: tar -zxvfpics.tar.gz

Installing Software

•Sources:•■ Tucows http://linux.tucows.com•■ Freshmeat http://www.freshmeat.net•■ Linux Online

http://www.linux.org/apps•...•Verifying Your Downloads

Installing Software Packages (RPM)•■ Install new packages•■ Update existing packages•■ Verify package files•■ Query installed packages•■ Uninstall packages

A sample RPM

A sample RPM• ■ Package.• ■ Version Number: 7.0.5.• ■ Release Number : 15.• The designators include:• ■ fcx Specifies that the package is intended for Fedora

Core version x. For • example, fc4 indicates the package is for Fedora Core 4.• ■ rhlx Specifies that the package is intended for Red

Hat Linux version x.• ■ susexxx Specifies that the package is intended for

SUSE Linux • version xxx. For example, Fedora Core 10

A sample RPM• ■ Architecture Type This part of the file name

specifies the CPU ▫■ i386 Specifies that the software will run on an

Intel 80386 or later CPU.▫■ i686 Specifies that the software will run on an

Intel Pentium II or ▫ later CPU.▫■ athlon Specifies that the software is intended to

run on an AMD Athlon CPU.▫■ ppc Specifies that the software is intended to run

on the PowerPC CPU.▫■ noarch Specifies that the package is not

architecture-dependent.

From .rpm packages

•Installing and upgrading,remove▫ rpm –i(U) software-2.3.4.rpm▫ rpm –e software

•Querying the RPM database▫ rpm -q software▫ rpm -qa //list all package▫ rpm -qa| grepkde

Querying Packages-# rpm -q [options]

•rpm -q▫■ –i rpm –qi postfix command has been

issued▫installed on the system.▫■ --whatrequires

rpm –q –whatrequires postfix▫■ –l This option displays a list of files that

are included in an RPM package.▫■ --provides This option displays the

functionality the specified package supplies.

Querying Packages-• • -qa — Lists all installed packages. • • -qf file — Lists the package that owns file.

(The file must include the full path name or rpm assumes the current directory.)

• • -qi package — Lists lots of information about a package.000

• • -qR package — Lists components (such as libraries and commands) that package depends on.

• • -ql package — Lists all the files contained in package.

Querying Packages-

•• -qd package — Lists all documentation files that come in package.

•• -qc package — Lists all configuration files that come in package.

•• -qp [option] package — Query packages that are not yet installed. Using this option, along with other query options, allows you to query packages you have that are not yet installed.

Verifying rpm package integrity

Installing Software from Source Code

•■ Preparing the installation files▫./configure

•■ Compiling the executable: convert the •text-based source code into a binary

executable file by C compiler (such as gcc)▫make

•■ Installing the executable▫make instal

Running yum to download and install RPMs

Using yum to install packages locally