inspection
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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Inspection
Ziad zohdy
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Types of deffects
Inherent defects – present during intial production of raw materials .
Processing defects – resulted from the manfacturing process
Service defects – occurred during the operation
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Examples that may cause deffects
Blowholes – gas trapped during solidification process .
Hardening cracks – rapid volume change .
Tempering cracks – rapid heating .
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Types of inspection
Inspection have many types wich are :
Visual inspection Mechanical measurements Destructive testing Non destructive testing Hammer test Hydrostatic test
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Non Destructive Test ( NDT )
The use of noninvasive techniques to determine the integrity of a material, component or structure or quantitatively measure some characteristic of an object .
Inspect or measure without doing harm .
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Uses of NDT
Flaw Detection and Evaluation Leak Detection Location Determination Dimensional Measurements Structure and Microstructure
Characterization Estimation of Mechanical and Physical
Properties Stress (Strain) and Dynamic Response
Measurements
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Methods of NDT
• Visual• Liquid Penetrant • Magnetic • Ultrasonic• Eddy Current• X-ray
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Visual Inspection .
Most basic and common inspection method
Portable video inspection unit with zoom allows inspection of large tanks and vessels
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Robotic crawlers permit observation in hazardous or tight areas, such as air ducts, reactors, pipelines.
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Liquid penetrant inspection Cleaner
Penetrant liquid
Developer
Usually used to show cracks or porosity .
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Procedures of liquid penetrant test
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Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages : applicable for complex shapes no need of equipments Used for metals & non metals
Diadvantages : Detection of surface defects only Difficult to detect on rough surfaces
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Magnetic particle test
Circular or longitudinal magnetization
The part is magnetized Iron particles coated with a dye
pigment are then applied to the specimen.
Leakage will be found forming the shape of the deffect
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Advantages & disadvantages
Advantages : The best for defects near surface Low cost Portable Give efficent results
Disadvantages : Materials that only can be
magnetised Removing magnetisation is a must
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Ultrasonic inspection
High frequency sound waves are introduced into a material
They are reflected back from surfaces or flaws.
Reflected sound energy is displayed versus time
From the graph we can detect the defect
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0 2 4 6 8 10
initial pulse
crack echo
back surface echo
plate
crack
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Advantages of ultrasonic test
Not harmful
Easy to store results
Use only one surface
Portable
Can detect inner and deep defects
The most efficient NDT
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Radiography test
Radiation used in tests
higher energy (shorter wavelength) than electromagnetic waves
The radiation can come from an X-ray generator or a radioactive source.
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High Electrical Potential
Electrons -+
Exposure Recording Device
Radiation Penetrate the Sample
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The part is placed between the radiation source and a piece of film.
The film darkness (density) will vary with the amount of radiation reaching the film through the test object.
X-ray film
= more exposure
= less exposure
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Eddy current test
Eddy current testing is particularly well suited for detecting surface cracks
can also be used to make electrical conductivity and coating thickness measurements.
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Conductive material
CoilCoil's
magnetic field
Eddy currents
Eddy current's magnetic field
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Applications of NDT
Inspection of Raw Products
Inspection Following Secondary Processing :
Machining , Welding , Grinding ,Heat treating
In-Services Damage Inspection :
Cracking , Corrosion ,Wear , Heat Damage
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Pressure vessel inspection The failure of a pressure vessel can result in the
rapid release of a large amount of energy. inspection by radiography and ultrasonic testing.
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Pipeline inspection
NDT is used to inspect pipelines to prevent leaks that could damage the environment
Visual inspection radiography electromagnetic testing
Remote visual inspection
Radiography of weld joints.
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Storage tank inspection
Robotic crawlers use ultrasound to inspect the walls of large above ground tanks for signs of thinning due to corrosion.
Cameras on long articulating arms are used to inspect underground storage tanks for damage.
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Thank you
Ziad zohdy