Insight Hub How to Gain from the Brain Drain Sami Mahroum

Share of patents with a MENA-background on total PCT patents, 1990-2013 (fractional count)

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

Shar

e of

tota

l PCT

pat

ents

(fra

ctio

nal c

ount

s)

Canada

France

USA

UK

EU-28

Germany

Japan

Source: OECD, REGPAT database, February 2016, own calculations

From 2009 to 2013:

• 13,180 patent applications (5.1% of total) filed by US organizations and individuals with at least one MENA name.

• MENA inventors were involved in 220 US patent

applications each month.

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Turk

ey

Calif

orni

a

Germ

any

Fran

ce

Cana

da UK

Saud

i Ara

bia

Texa

s

Mas

sach

uset

ts

Swed

en

Egyp

t

New

Yor

k

Net

herla

nds

New

Jers

ey

Switz

erla

nd

Was

hing

ton

Illin

ois

Mal

aysia

Ohi

o

Aust

ralia

Num

ber o

f PCT

pat

ents

(fra

ctio

nal c

ount

s)

DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL,

DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES

other MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

other HUMAN NECESSITIES

PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDSother CHEMISTRY;

METALLURGY

TEXTILES; PAPER FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONSother PHYSICS

other MEASURING; TESTING

INVESTIGATING CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

other COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING

ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING

DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR ADMIN/ COMMERCIAL PURPOSES

other ELECTRICITY

other BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

other ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

TRANSMISSION

TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

NETWORKS

16.0

13.3 14.3

18.7

6.5

2.7

4.8 4.3 4.3 4.0

27.1

15.4

11.6 9.8

6.4 5.4 5.1

4.2 3.7 3.2

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

InformationTechnology

Healthcare ConsumerDiscretionary

Banks Capital Goods InvestmentBanking andBrokerage

Energy ConsumerStaples

Materials Commercialand

ProfessionalServices

MENA Executives Sector Distribution in Publically Listed Companies compared to Nation-wide

General C-level Population MENA

Company Total MENA background MENA share Intel 3,595 166 4.6% Qualcomm 9,677 392 4.1% Applied Materials 1,294 44 3.4% Apple 1,927 59 3.1% Schlumberger 898 25 2.8% Microsoft 3,848 98 2.5% IBM 1,752 36 2.0% Johnson & Johnson** 1,519 25 1.7% Google 2,240 38 1.7% HP 2,688 43 1.6% General Electric 1,582 26 1.6% Halliburton 2,240 33 1.5% Dow Chemical Company* 2,177 32 1.4% Procter & Gamble 1,472 19 1.3% Baker Hughes 1,,456 19 1.3% DuPont 1,447 15 1.0% 3M 2,211 22 1.0% Merck Sharp & Dohme 791 7 0.9% United Technologies 1,828 11 0.6% Corning* 1,450 6 0.4% Top 20 Total 46,093 1,116 2.4% US Total 244,174 4,507 1.8% Share of Total 19% 25%

*Dow Corning included in Dow Chemicals, planned merger of Dow Chemicals and DuPont (DowDuPont) not reflected

Source: World Intellectual Patent Organization, own calculations

2 out of 15 most-loved CEOs of 2016 in the US (Glassdoor)

Dara Khosrowshahi (President, Expedia) Rami Rahim (CEO, Juniper Networks)

US Executives of MENA Ethnicity

China India MENA World Total

5,461 4,720 2,246 284,492 296,919

1.84% 1.59% 0.76% 95.81% 100.00%

58.4

16.7

24.8

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

US Educated Only Foreign & US Educated Foreign Educated Only

Where were they trained?

In 2013, 43% of Arab immigrants in the US

aged 25 and older had a bachelor’s degree or

higher, compared to 28% of all immigrants to

the US, and 30% of native-born US adults.

Ahmed Zewail Nobel Laureate Chemistry

Zaha Hadid Architecture

Charles Elachi Space Science

Hanadi Sleiman Chemistry

Ayah Bdeir Technopreneur

Farouk El-Baz Space Science

Michael DeBakey Medicine

Doris Daou Astronomy

Mostafa El-Sayed Nanoscience

Mona Nemer Clinical Research

Dina Katabi Computer Science

Oussama Khatib Robotics

Rana El-Kaliouby Artificial Intelligence

Joseph Aoun Linguist

Elias Zerhouni Healthcare

How might we leverage the highly skilled MENA diaspora?