inservice inspection (isi) and inservice testing (ist) of...

Inservice Inspection (ISI)Inservice Inspection (ISI)and Inservice Testing (IST)and Inservice Testing (IST)

ofofNuclear Power Plant ComponentsNuclear Power Plant Components

Rick SwayneRick SwayneReedy Engineering, Inc.Reedy Engineering, Inc.

Engineering Management ConsultantsEngineering Management Consultants

Vice Chair, ASME Subcommittee on Inservice InspectionVice Chair, ASME Subcommittee on Inservice InspectionChair, BNCS Task Group on Globalization and New ReactorsChair, BNCS Task Group on Globalization and New Reactors

ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards Workshop, 8 October 2008, RSAWorkshop, 8 October 2008, RSA

Inservice Inspection (ISI) and Inservice Inspection (ISI) and Inservice Testing (IST)Inservice Testing (IST)

Why test and inspect?Why test and inspect?To detectTo detect

Functional degradationFunctional degradation–– By testing active mechanical equipmentBy testing active mechanical equipmentStructural degradationStructural degradation–– By examination of active and passive By examination of active and passive

mechanical equipmentmechanical equipment

ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards Workshop, 8 October 2008, RSAWorkshop, 8 October 2008, RSA 22


Why test and inspect?Why test and inspect?To preventTo prevent

Structural failureStructural failureFluid leakageFluid leakageRadiation leakageRadiation leakageLoss of operabilityLoss of operability



Why test and inspect?Why test and inspect?Aging managementAging management–– Monitor degradationMonitor degradation–– Maintain design marginsMaintain design margins


Active FunctionsActive FunctionsWearWearCorrosionCorrosionErosionErosionVibrationVibrationLeakageLeakageRadiation damageRadiation damageThermal agingThermal agingUnusual or unanticipated loadsUnusual or unanticipated loads

55ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards

Workshop, 8 October 2008, RSAWorkshop, 8 October 2008, RSAASME Nuclear Codes and Standards ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards

Workshop, 8 October 2008, RSAWorkshop, 8 October 2008, RSA

Passive FunctionsPassive Functions

CorrosionCorrosion–– General oxidationGeneral oxidation–– PittingPitting–– CrevicesCrevices–– MicrobiologicalMicrobiological–– FlowFlow--acceleratedaccelerated–– Erosion/cavitationErosion/cavitation




StressStress--corrosion cracking or corrosion cracking or hydrogen embrittlementhydrogen embrittlement–– IntergranularIntergranular–– TransgranularTransgranular–– External ChlorideExternal Chloride–– Primary WaterPrimary Water




FatigueFatigue–– MechanicalMechanical–– ThermalThermal–– CorrosionCorrosion

Irradiation embrittlementIrradiation embrittlementUnanticipated eventsUnanticipated events–– Water hammerWater hammer–– Pressurized thermal shockPressurized thermal shock–– Large seismic eventLarge seismic event



Detection of DegradationDetection of Degradation

How do we detect degradation?How do we detect degradation?Establish baseline (PSI or reference Establish baseline (PSI or reference condition)condition)–– As early as possibleAs early as possible–– Using inservice methodsUsing inservice methods–– Update after changesUpdate after changes

Monitor changesMonitor changes–– Performance testingPerformance testing–– Nondestructive examinationNondestructive examination–– Destructive testingDestructive testing



Performance TestingPerformance TestingPumpsPumps–– VibrationVibration–– Flow rateFlow rate–– Differential pressureDifferential pressure–– Bearing temperatureBearing temperature

ValvesValves–– Stroke timeStroke time–– Seat leakage for RCS or containment isolationSeat leakage for RCS or containment isolation–– Relieving PressureRelieving Pressure

SnubbersSnubbers–– Range of motionRange of motion–– LockupLockup



Destructive TestingDestructive Testing

Tensile testingTensile testingImpact testingImpact testingFracture toughness testingFracture toughness testing



Nondestructive Testing and Nondestructive Testing and ExaminationExamination

Chemical analysisChemical analysisVolumetric examinationVolumetric examination–– Radiographic, ultrasonic, eddy current, acoustic Radiographic, ultrasonic, eddy current, acoustic

emissionemission

Surface examinationSurface examination–– Liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, Liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic,

eddy currenteddy current

Visual examinationVisual examinationLeak testingLeak testing



NRC RegulationsNRC Regulations

10CFR50.55a(b) mandates use of ASME Section 10CFR50.55a(b) mandates use of ASME Section XI & OM CodeXI & OM Code–– 50.55a(a)(3) provides alternatives, when authorized 50.55a(a)(3) provides alternatives, when authorized

by NRRby NRR•• Acceptable level of quality and safetyAcceptable level of quality and safety•• Hardship or difficulty without compensating increase in Hardship or difficulty without compensating increase in

quality or safetyquality or safety•• Includes ASME Code Cases not preIncludes ASME Code Cases not pre--approved by NRCapproved by NRC

–– 50.55a(b)(5) and Reg. Guide 1.147 identify pre50.55a(b)(5) and Reg. Guide 1.147 identify pre--approved Casesapproved Cases


NRC RegulationsNRC Regulations

–– 50.55a(g)(6)(i) provides relief from impractical 50.55a(g)(6)(i) provides relief from impractical requirements, when granted by Commissionrequirements, when granted by Commission

–– 50.55a(g)(4)(ii) requires update of ISI Program to 50.55a(g)(4)(ii) requires update of ISI Program to use later Edition and Addenda of ASME Section XI use later Edition and Addenda of ASME Section XI every 120 months (10 years)every 120 months (10 years)

–– 50.55a(g)(4)(iv) permits use of later Editions and 50.55a(g)(4)(iv) permits use of later Editions and Addenda of Section XI, incorporated by reference in Addenda of Section XI, incorporated by reference in 10CFR50.55a(b), subject to Commission approval10CFR50.55a(b), subject to Commission approval•• RIS 2004RIS 2004--12 and 200412 and 2004--16 explain NRC position on use of 16 explain NRC position on use of

later Editions and Addenda incorporated by referencelater Editions and Addenda incorporated by reference



Inservice InspectionInservice Inspection–– ASME Section XI, Inservice Inspection of ASME Section XI, Inservice Inspection of

Nuclear Power Plant ComponentsNuclear Power Plant Components

Inservice TestingInservice Testing–– ASME Code for Operation and Maintenance ASME Code for Operation and Maintenance

(OM Code)(OM Code)


Inservice Inspection (ISI)Inservice Inspection (ISI)

Scope of ASME Section XIScope of ASME Section XIPreservice and inservice examinationPreservice and inservice examination••Mostly nondestructive (NDE)Mostly nondestructive (NDE)••Identify degradationIdentify degradationEvaluation StandardsEvaluation StandardsRepair/Replacement ActivitiesRepair/Replacement Activities•• Including modificationsIncluding modifications


Inservice Inspection (ISI)Inservice Inspection (ISI)

Why is ISI required?Why is ISI required?Identify degradationIdentify degradation

Flaw growthFlaw growth


Purpose of ISIPurpose of ISI

Periodic examination to detect degradationPeriodic examination to detect degradation–– ““The The intent of the Codeintent of the Code is to provide for, on a case by case is to provide for, on a case by case

basis, basis, a review of the indications that show potential signs of a review of the indications that show potential signs of distressdistress and relate the condition to the service requirements to and relate the condition to the service requirements to which the component is subjected. For the case where the which the component is subjected. For the case where the review shows that no changes have occurred, disposition would review shows that no changes have occurred, disposition would require nothing further. For the case where the evaluation require nothing further. For the case where the evaluation shows potential signs of distress, but the condition meets (is shows potential signs of distress, but the condition meets (is within) the original acceptance standards, disposition may within) the original acceptance standards, disposition may require nothing more than the examination of an additional require nothing more than the examination of an additional number of components or like areas.number of components or like areas.”” (1968 Section XI)(1968 Section XI)


Periodic Examination to Detect DegradationPeriodic Examination to Detect Degradation

Initial Compliance with Construction Code

Section XI Acceptance Criteria

2nd Periodic Inspection(Reject and Correct)

Restore to Compliance with Construction Code

Service- induced Degradation

Continued Degradation

1st Periodic Inspection(Accept)

Quality, or Level of Compliance with Construction Code Technical Requirements

Time

Start of Operation


Organization of Section XIOrganization of Section XIDivision 1 Division 1 -- LightLight--waterwater--cooled Nuclear Power Plantscooled Nuclear Power PlantsDivision 2 Division 2 -- GasGas--cooled Nuclear Power Plants cooled Nuclear Power Plants (discontinued 1993)(discontinued 1993)–– HTGRHTGR

•• HeliumHelium--cooledcooled•• CarbonCarbon--encapsulated fuel in a graphite matrixencapsulated fuel in a graphite matrix•• GraphiteGraphite--moderated, prismatic core and reflector elementsmoderated, prismatic core and reflector elements

–– Currently being rewritten for PBMR and other nextCurrently being rewritten for PBMR and other next--generation gas reactorsgeneration gas reactors

Division 3 Division 3 -- LiquidLiquid--metalmetal--cooled Nuclear Power cooled Nuclear Power Plants (discontinued 2004)Plants (discontinued 2004)


Organization of Section XIOrganization of Section XI

Subsection IWA Subsection IWA -- General RequirementsGeneral RequirementsSubsection IWB Subsection IWB -- Class 1 ComponentsClass 1 ComponentsSubsection IWC Subsection IWC -- Class 2 ComponentsClass 2 ComponentsSubsection IWD Subsection IWD -- Class 3 ComponentsClass 3 ComponentsSubsection IWE Subsection IWE -- Class MC Metal Containment Vessels and Class MC Metal Containment Vessels and Containment Penetrations Not Backed by Concrete, and Liners Containment Penetrations Not Backed by Concrete, and Liners of Class CC Containment Vesselsof Class CC Containment VesselsSubsection IWF Subsection IWF -- Class 1, 2, 3, and MC Component SupportsClass 1, 2, 3, and MC Component SupportsSubsection IWG Subsection IWG -- Core Support Structures and Reactor Vessel Core Support Structures and Reactor Vessel Internal StructuresInternal StructuresSubsection IWL Subsection IWL -- Concrete Containment VesselsConcrete Containment VesselsMandatory & Nonmandatory AppendicesMandatory & Nonmandatory Appendices


Subsection IWASubsection IWA

IWAIWA--1000 Scope and Responsibility1000 Scope and Responsibility–– JurisdictionJurisdiction–– ClassificationClassification–– OwnerOwner’’s Responsibilitys Responsibility

IWAIWA--2000 Examination and Inspection2000 Examination and Inspection–– Authorized InspectionAuthorized Inspection–– Examination methods and extentExamination methods and extent–– Personnel qualificationPersonnel qualification–– ISI Program (Plans and Schedules)ISI Program (Plans and Schedules)–– Code CasesCode Cases

IWAIWA--3000 Standards for Evaluation of Examination Results3000 Standards for Evaluation of Examination Results


Subsection IWASubsection IWAIWAIWA--4000 Repair/Replacement Activities (including 4000 Repair/Replacement Activities (including modifications)modifications)–– Scope and applicabilityScope and applicability–– Alternatives and exemptionsAlternatives and exemptions–– Procurement of replacement itemsProcurement of replacement items–– Design (modification)Design (modification)–– Programs and PlansPrograms and Plans–– Failure analysis and corrective actionFailure analysis and corrective action–– Welding, brazing, and defect removalWelding, brazing, and defect removal–– Examination and pressure testingExamination and pressure testing


Subsection IWASubsection IWA

IWAIWA--5000 Pressure Testing5000 Pressure Testing–– Applies to both periodic testing and testing Applies to both periodic testing and testing

following repair/replacement activitiesfollowing repair/replacement activities

IWAIWA--6000 Records and Reports6000 Records and Reports–– Documentation of examinations, tests, Documentation of examinations, tests,

evaluations, and repair/replacement activitiesevaluations, and repair/replacement activities–– Reporting to regulatorReporting to regulator


Design for ISI & ISTDesign for ISI & IST

How are inservice inspection How are inservice inspection and testing considered in and testing considered in system design and system design and construction?construction?Who is responsible?Who is responsible?



Design for ISI & ISTDesign for ISI & IST

System Designer responsibilitiesSystem Designer responsibilities–– Identify degradation mechanismsIdentify degradation mechanisms

–– Select resistant materialsSelect resistant materials

–– Understand examination and testing methods Understand examination and testing methods capable of detecting degradationcapable of detecting degradation

–– Provide access for examination and testing (NDE, Provide access for examination and testing (NDE, chemical, mechanical, functional)chemical, mechanical, functional)

Owner verifies adequacy of design for ISI & ISTOwner verifies adequacy of design for ISI & IST



Access RequirementsAccess Requirements

Physical space around component, Physical space around component, volume, or surfacevolume, or surfacePhysical or visual access of personnelPhysical or visual access of personnelEnvironmental hazardsEnvironmental hazardsEquipment limitationsEquipment limitationsInstrumentationInstrumentation



Questions?Questions?

ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards Workshop, 7 October 2008, RSAWorkshop, 7 October 2008, RSA

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