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WLA – Emissions database

Presented by J BarrettWLA AQCG, 22 March 2010

Page 2

Contents

Background1

Modelling overview2

Examples of software functionality3

Recent projects4

Future Development5

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1. Background

West London Alliance (WLA) - Emissions database?

- Contains geo-referenced data (GIS), with spatially resolved emission estimates (e.g. 1 km x 1 km grid).

- Uses bottom-up calculations.- Is applicable to various regional scales (e.g. West

London, borough, town etc.).

- Is flexible and adaptable to the needs of different users.

A tool for estimating the impacts of transport policies and measures on emissions at different spatial scales across West london.

Characteristics of a fully-functioning WLA EDB:

- Uses ‘new’ technologies to provide actual activity data rather than statistics (ideally involves some degree of automatic data collection).

Potential applications Air quality management. Transport planning:

Environmental zones. Vehicle-specific restrictions. Modal shift. Route changes. Changes in driver behaviour. Road pricing, tolls.

Land use planning. Carbon footprinting. Analysis of trends. Verification & improvement of top-

down calculations. Indicators. Support to national inventories.

Prediction of air quality: ‘nowcasts’, ‘forecasts.

Research (e.g. source apportionment studies).

Impact assessment (EIA, SEA, HIA).

Policy assessment. Input data to noise models.

New data sources The prototype has been created to allow easy incorporation and use of

new types of input data. The model could be linked to other models, or to on-line or real-time

traffic data.

- Web-based tools.- Insurance companies. - Specific projects/models (e.g. ISHTAR,

MESSAGE, TREMOVE, DGENV Fleets).

Potential sources:- Freight /haulage companies.- Traffic models & censuses.- Environment zone toll systems (e.g.

London, Stockholm).- Automatic vehicle count and

classification (e.g. MIDAS, UK).- UTMC (e.g. SCOOT). - On-board equipment, such as GPS,

telematics/ITS (C2C, C2I, EVI).- Video cameras and ANPR.- Remote sensing and satellite

imagery.

2. Modelling overview

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

NOx PM CO2

% ch

ange

with

sce

nario

Scenario 12

Modes Road transport (using the WLA Transport and Enhanced

Emissions Model – TEEM). Rail transport (TRL’s rail model).

Pollutants NOx, PM10 and CO2 (+ others)

Time frame At present 2007, but would be able to handle historic data and

projections.Geographical extent West London, which can be used for high-resolution local traffic

studies. LAEI (GLA 2009) modelled road network as the minmum the baseline.

Content

N

Key

Road

West London road network (approximately 22,000 links)

Content

WLA EDB Structure

Fleet structure

3. Examples of software functionality

*Currently by direct modification of emission functions and activity data (no ‘scenario’ module, but some functionality in user interface of road program).

Functionality: scenario testing examples*No. Policy Description

1 Vehicle scrappage schemes

HGVs, including rigid and articulated trucks, up to and including Euro II, are replaced by vehicles meeting the Euro V standard (and fitted with diesel particulate filter - DPF)

2 All diesel cars up to and including Euro 2 are replaced with Euro 5 (again with DPF).

3 Measures that influence traffic composition

Reduce the number of rigid HGVs by 12% and increase number of artic HGVs by 4%.

4 Bus replacement programme

Replace Euro III buses with Euro V (no DPF).

5 Access restrictions Chislehurst Road with an AADT of 8500 becomes pedestrianised between 10am and 2pm (i.e. no through traffic). Displacement of traffic not considered.

6 Dedicated bus lanes Number of buses increased by 10% on affected roads and number of cars reduced by 5%. Number of HGVs reduced by 1%. Buses assumed to be travelling at the speed limit, with a 15% reduction in the speed of all other traffic.

7 Shifting a % of freight from road to rail

Road: 2% reduction in number of HGVs. Rail: Increase in the weight of existing trains.

8 Shifting a % of passengers from road to rail.

(a)Rail: 1% of car passengers on route shifted to rail with increase in train occupancy (i.e. increased weight per train).

(b)1% of car passengers on route shifted to rail with no increase in occupancy (i.e. more trains).

Scenario 6 (dedicated bus lanes)

Introducing a dedicated bus lane. Constraining road space for other road users.

Bus timetables Roadside surveys

Scenario 6 (dedicated bus lanes)

Roads included: Crofton Lane, Towncourt Lane

Emission (tonnes/year)

NOx PM CO2

Baseline 6.41 0.17 1407.26Scenario 6 6.59 0.17 1411.01

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

NOx PM CO2

% C

hang

e

Percentage change from baseline

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4. Recent projects

Applications Completed

- Application of the Transport and Enhanced Emissions Model (TEEM) in West London and Harrow- Description: Study to compare TEEM outputs with those of the

London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory road activity dataset. The study examined emissions at the West London scale and in more detail for London Borough of Harrow.

- Client: Harrow on behalf of the WLA AQCG- Consultants: TRL

- The Transport and Enhanced Emissions Model (TEEM) - modelling transport measures- Description: Six scenarios suggested by the AQCG were

developed further by TRL. These included a ‘Wembley to Park Royal ‘Fastbus’ scheme. The outcome in each case considered the impact of each scenario in terms of nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

- Client: Hounslow on behalf of the WLA AQCG - Consultants: TRL

Applications Completed –

- Leicester revision of the air quality action plan- Description: A study to re-consider those measures included in the

existing air quality action plan and to re-evaluate alternatives including a city centre environment zone and freight expressway. TEEM was applied for the emissions modelling.

- Client: Leicester City Council- Consultants: TRL

Geographical specific emission inventories across Europe- Description: A study to pilot a methodology for standardising

emission estimates across the EU based on geographically specific data sources.

- The road transport component was estimated using a version of TEEM applied to a road corridor between London and Paris.

- Client: European Environment Agency- Consultants - TRL

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5. Future development

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Summary

•TEEM enables operators to estimate the environmental impacts of specific scenarios for example, changes in modal shift, emissions gains traffic flow changes – LOCALLY•TEEM = Lots of capacity - no limit to the size of network TEEM can process. The GIS output assists visualisation.•Outputs in easy read format•TEEM = flexibility of the tool distinct advantage over most other models •use on micro scale and macro scale•Can accept variety of data from different sources •User-friendly interface •Fast processing speed•Bespoke a tool for local needs with opportunities to extend the functionality to include air transport, freight emissions and GHG for the future

Summary

Contact Details

WLAQCG contacts: - Rob Gibson (Chair) – LB Hounslow - Val Beale (Secretary) – LB Hillingdon - Paul Hargreaves – LB Harrow - Paul Baker – LB Hammersmith & Fulham - Richard Ward – LB Ealing - John Coates – LB Richmond-upon-Thames- Jennifer Barrett – LB Brent: Tel - 020 8937 5284

Transport Research Labs (TRL) contact: Kevin Turpin: Tel - 01344 770336

For details of other projects undertaken by the WLAQCG visit our website - www.westlondonairquality.org.uk