insects for animal feed & human food larvae to be processed for use in animal feed can be raised...
TRANSCRIPT
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Insects for animal feed & human foodInsects for animal feed & human foodInsects for animal feed & human foodInsects for animal feed & human food
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Agenda
1. About PROteINSECT
2. The challenge of consumer acceptance
3. What is happening Internationally
4. The legal situation of insects as feed in the EU
5. Sustainability
6. Safety
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What is PROteINSECT?
• A 3-year EU-funded project investigating the potential of
insects as an alternative source of protein for animal feed.
• Focusing on the use of fly larvae in poultry, pig and fish feed.
• Evaluating the suitability of organic waste materials,
including animal manure, as a substrate for rearing flies.
• Carrying out research into the following areas:
– Sustainable insect production
– Protein processing technologies
Musca domestica
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Can Insects Help?Can Insects Help?Can Insects Help?Can Insects Help?
• Insects are highly efficient at rapidly converting waste into
usable protein
• Protein content (30-80%)
• Fat content (5-60%)
• Fibre content (4-60%)
• Housefly larvae can complete development in 8-10 days at
room temperature with 60% reduction in substrate mass
• Protein digestibility (86-89%) higher than most (all) vegetable
based proteins
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• Soya 2.5t/ha/Year
– 90% dry weight, 40% Protein, 0,9t Protein
• Fly Larvae 25t/ha/10days
– 25% dry weight, 60% Protein, 150t
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Who is involved in PROteINSECT?
China, Ghana, Mali, Belgium,
United Kingdom, Austria, Switzerland
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The challenge of consumer
acceptance
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The Challenge of Consumer Acceptance
• Consumers increasingly interested in how
their food is produced and want to be sure
that it’s what it says on the tin!
• Transparency is key – must take consumers
with us every step of the way.
• The ‘yuck’ factor:
– Lack of a cultural history of
entomophagy in the west.
– Negative perception of insects as
pests or vectors of disease.
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Media Coverage Monitoring
• We have been monitoring media coverage since September
2013 and have recorded the tone, topic, intended audience
and source country of each piece.
• Some limitations e.g. mostly English language sources that are
freely available online and accessible via search engines.
• An explosion of media coverage on
the topic of insects in food and
feed over the last year.
• Media coverage can both reflect
and shape consumer attitudes.
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Targeted Publications
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Tone of Media Coverage
Positive: Journalist describes the
benefits associated with insects
in feed/food or describes them
as tasting nice.
Neutral: Journalist describing a
recent event involving insects in
feed/food using a detached
style.
Negative: Journalist describes
the taste of insects as unpleasant
or criticises the use of insects in
feed/food as a way of addressing
food security
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Breakdown
Source Country:Topic:
Sources from 37
different countries
in total
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The PROteINSECT survey
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The PROteINSECT Survey
• Baseline exercise launched on website in
October 2013; closed on 31 March 2014.
• Available in English, French and German.
• To discover whether people would be
accepting of insects in animal feed and food
– and if not, what objections they raised.
• Promoted using different channels e.g. via
our social networks, at conferences, via
press releases published in newspapers and
trade publications.
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Demographics
Age:
50+ = 22.4%
30-50 = 49.9%
18-30 = 25.7%
Under 18 = 2.0%
Gender:
Male = 55.9%
Female = 43.7%
Other = 0.4%
Country of residence (Top 5):
UK = 27.3%
Mali = 8.5%
China = 8.2%
Poland = 6.7%
France = 6.3%
Replies from 71 countries in total
Total no. of replies:
1302
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Insects in Animal Feed
1) Would you eat fish, chicken, or pork that have been fed on a diet containing
protein from insects?
Yes = 72.6% No = 6.5% Maybe = 13.8% Don’t know = 7.0%
2) Do you think that the larvae of flies are a suitable source of protein for use in
animal feed?
Yes = 65.8% No = 6.1% Maybe = 16.8% Don’t know = 11.3%
3) Should chicken, fish and pork, for sale for humans, and fed on protein from
insects state that clearly on the food label?
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Substrate used to rear insects
Insect larvae to be processed for use in animal feed can be raised on a range
of waste materials listed below. Tick the waste materials you think are
suitable to be used.
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Selected Comments
• If the practice is safe, then I have no problems with it
• I don't feel ready to eat insects even though it is food, but I
really like the idea of using larvae or insects to raise chicken
or fish or pork, or even shrimps
• It seems like a very "natural" way to go about this, which is
appealing
• If meat fed on insects did not taste any different, then I would
not have a problem eating meat raised on insect feed
• I don't like interfering with our food chain in this way
• The costs of processing and making 'safe' may be prohibitive
• Does not seem ethical
• Regulatory topics need to be urgently clarified!
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Survey: Concluding remarks
• Exercise results suggest that perhaps people are more accepting of the
idea of insects in food and feed than we might have predicted.
• There is a clear desire for more information on this topic to be made
available– need continued public engagement to increase awareness.
• PROteINSECT will be carrying out a 2nd consumer information gathering
exercise to track public perception in early 2015.
• PROteINSECT will also be carrying out information gathering exercises
with targeted umbrella trade & industry groups over the next 12 months.
• Full reports on media coverage and our survey will be available on our
website: www.proteinsect.eu.
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What is happening Internationally
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Outside the EU
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Maggot production system in Mali
• Songhai experimental farm in Songhai experimental farm in Songhai experimental farm in Songhai experimental farm in
Benin Benin Benin Benin
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Summary of the production system
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Feeding Huxu (Beard) chickenFeeding Huxu (Beard) chickenFeeding Huxu (Beard) chickenFeeding Huxu (Beard) chicken
• more than 10 million Huxu
chicken are sold in China per
year.
• The chicken flavor is decreasing
because of commercial feed, so
its market value is getting lower
as well.
• Producers are looking for feed
that makes better tasting
chickens
• Consumers pay up to 30% more
for insect-fed chickens
• ~10% fresh maggots are added to
the feed
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The legal situation of insects as feed
in the EU
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• Current legislation is a major barrier to the use of insect protein in animal feed in Europe.
• PROteINSECT is engaging with policymakers in order to support the introduction of enabling legislation.
• Mapped current EU legislation to identify key challenges and gaps.
• Full report published last year, available at www.proteinsect.eu.
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EC regulations
• Insect protein produced for animal feed classed as
“feed material”
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Insects as Feed
• Listing in the catalogue of feed materials (EU
Regulation 68/2013).
• TSE Regulation (EC Regulation 999/2001)
• Prohibits the feeding of all farmed animals with
processed animal protein(PAP).
• Some exemptions e.g. fishmeal can be fed to non-
ruminants.
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Recent developments :
• Since 1st June 2013, the feeding of PAPderived
from non-ruminants to aquaculture animals has
been reauthorised (EU Regulation 56/2013).
• Once valid diagnostic methods are available, likely
that the use of nonruminant PAP in poultry and pig
feed will also be reauthorised.
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Possible future developments:
• EC has drafted an amendment to the TSE
Regulation (EC 999/2001).
• Permits the feeding of non-ruminant farm animals
with processed animal protein derived from insects.
• Conditions for the production and use of insect PAP
analogous to those already in place for fishmeal.
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Substrate used to rear insects
• Flies are found naturally on organic waste and are
highly efficient at converting waste to biomass.
• Housefly larvae can reduce substrate mass by 60%
over a 10 day period.
• EU member states produce 1.4 billion tonnes of
manure annually.
• Flies can be used to significantly reduce waste
volume resulting in environmental benefits.
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ABP Regulation (EC Regulation
1069/2009)• Insects produced for feed classed as “farmed
animals”.
• Only category 3 material can be used to feed
farmed animals, manure is category 2 material and
therefore not permitted.
• Also list of materials prohibited from being placed
on animal feed market (EC Regulation 767/2009):
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What is PROteINSECT doing?
• Continued dialogue and information exchange with
policymakers.
• Consultation with key stakeholder groups leading to
the creation of a business case for the use of
insects in animal feed.
• Development of a White Paper to be presented to
the European Parliament.
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Is it sustainable?
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LCSA
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The “Flow”
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The Good and the Bad News
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Safety
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(DIRECTIVE 2002/32/EC)(DIRECTIVE 2002/32/EC)(DIRECTIVE 2002/32/EC)(DIRECTIVE 2002/32/EC)
• Heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg)Heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg)Heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg)Heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg)
• PesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticides
• Dioxins and PCBsDioxins and PCBsDioxins and PCBsDioxins and PCBs
• Veterinary medicinesVeterinary medicinesVeterinary medicinesVeterinary medicines
• MycotoxinsMycotoxinsMycotoxinsMycotoxins
• SalmonellaSalmonellaSalmonellaSalmonella
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Pesticides Pesticides Pesticides Pesticides
• Multi residue screen. Total 416 compounds.
• Covers non-permitted pesticides (e.g. DDT) and
permitted (e.g. dimethoate).
• EU regulations in feed range from 5 to 200 ppb
Dioxins, PCBs and PAHs Dioxins, PCBs and PAHs Dioxins, PCBs and PAHs Dioxins, PCBs and PAHs
• 70 compounds:
– 28 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
– 25 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
– 17 Dioxins
• Known to bioaccumulate bioaccumulate bioaccumulate bioaccumulate in fat.
What is ppb?
One ppb is 10-9 the equivalent to
finding one person in the
population of India
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• Veterinary MedicinesVeterinary MedicinesVeterinary MedicinesVeterinary Medicines
• 68 EU regulated compounds:
– 17 Sulphonamides
– 7 Tetracyclines
– 8 Penicillins
– 8 Cephalosporins
– 10 Quinolones
– 13 Macrolides
– 5 “Others”, e.g. Chloramphenicol
• MycotoxinsMycotoxinsMycotoxinsMycotoxins
• Natural plant toxins – risk if rearing on food waste
as produced by fungus.
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Alergens
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… revenge?
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The research leading to these results has received
funding from the European Union’s Seventh
Framework Programme for research, technological
development and demonstration under grant
agreement n° 312084
Questions