insect growth regulators – discovery, development & how ... · yfm 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Insect Growth Regulators –Discovery, Development &
How They Work
Dr. Bill DonahueSierra Research Laboratories
www.sierraresearchlaboratories.com
2015 CAPCA Conference & Agri-Expo
Reno, NV
October 20, 2015
![Page 2: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Modern Environmental Movement
“Not war, but a plethora of man-made things…is threatening to strangle us, suffocate us, bury us, in the debris and by-products of our technologically inventive and irresponsible age.” Margaret Mead – Cultural Anthropologist
![Page 3: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Way It Was
DDT was hailed as “the miracle insecticide” and “almost perfect control
product for this pest [bed bugs]” Resistance was observed
after only 5 years of use.
![Page 4: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NEW INSECT CONTROL STRATEGY
Reduce Reproductive Potential
Breaking the Life Cycle
Target most Vulnerable Life Stage
Least Toxic Approach – Chemical, Mechanical, Cultural Control Techniques - IPM
![Page 5: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
IGR’s - A Historical Perspective
Sir Vincent Wigglesworth (1899-1994) – Insect endocrinology Rhodnius - corpora allata maintaining the larval status quo and the molting hormone – ecdysis – Text Books Insect Physiology (1934), Insect Hormones (1970)
![Page 6: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IGR’s - A Historical Perspective
Herbert Roller (U. of Wisconsin & Texas A&M) –1967 identification of JH 1
Zoecon – 1968 JH 2, JH 3 & JH 0 – JH analogs methoprene EPA registered in 1975
Carl Djerassi
![Page 7: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
IGR’s - A Historical Perspective
Duphar B.V. (Netherlands) – Diflubenzuron(Dimilin) first CSI to be discovered van Daalen et. al. - 1972
![Page 8: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Insect Brain & Hormones
![Page 9: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Juvenile Hormone Mimics
The primary mode of action is the prolongation of the immature stage of the insect so that it does not become a reproductive adult.
Examples: methoprene, hydroprene, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen
![Page 10: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors
The primary mode of action expressed is the immature insects inability to molt due to inhibition of the synthesis of a new cuticle.
Examples: diflubenzuron, cyromazine, lufenuron and novaluron.
![Page 11: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cockroach Control – IGR Only: (S)-hydroprene
Bastrop Study – Solving a Tough Problem – PCT August 1989
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Per
cen
t R
edu
ctio
n
Months Post-Treatment
Gencor® IGR
Percentage of Cockroach Reduction Over Time
![Page 12: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
COMPONENTS OF AN IPM PROGRAM
Natural Control – Use or Enhance What’s There, Biological Control – Parasites, Predators and Pathogens
Cultural Control – Modify Existing Practices such as Temperature, Watering, Fertilizing
Mechanical/Physical Control – Specialized Equipment or Practices Such as Mowing and Tilling
Chemical Control – Many Choices – Least Toxic Approach!
![Page 13: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Urban Pests on IGR Product Labels
Mosquitoes – many species
Stored Product Pests
Flies – house flies, horn flies, drain flies, fungus gnats
Fleas – primarily the cat flea
Cockroaches – primarily German cockroaches
Ants – Pharaoh, red imported fire ant
Bed bugs
Ticks
![Page 14: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Evaluation for Ovicidal Potential of Insect Growth Regulators Against Bed Bugs “Earl”
IGRs tested:•(RS)-Methoprene•(S)-Hydroprene•Pyriproxifen•Cyromazine•Fenoxycarb
•Approximately 1 mL applied to 7.5 cm filter paper circle (label rate)•Each filter paper contained 10-20 eggs, aged <24 hours prior to treatment•Scored daily until 3 days past total control group hatch
© Sierra Research Laboratories, 2010
© Sierra Research Laboratories, 2010
© Sierra Research Laboratories, 2010
![Page 15: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Day 15
Hatch Rates of "Earl" Strain Bed Bug Eggs 15 Days Post-Treatment of
Various IGRs
Untreated Control
H2O Control
(RS)-Methoprene
(S)-Hydroprene
Pyriproxifen
Cyromazine
Fenoxycarb
Placebo
Pyri
pro
xif
en
Cyro
mazi
ne
Fe
no
xycarb
Pla
ceb
o
Un
tre
ate
d C
on
tro
l
H2
O C
on
tro
l
(RS
)-M
eth
op
ren
e
(S)-
Hyd
rop
ren
e
![Page 16: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Average Percentage of 1st Instars Molting to 2nd Instars Post-Feeding
Time Post-
Feeding
Untreated Control
H2O Control
(RS)-Methoprene
(S)-Hydroprene
Pyriproxifen Placebo Cyromazine Fenoxycarb
5 days 92.7% 95.4% 92.4% 89.6% 90.8% 61.8% 89.9% 90.9%
© Sierra Research Laboratories, 2010
2014 Tests with Novaluron + Pyriproxyfen (TEKKO Pro®Showed no reproductive effects
to mated adult females or theiroffspring. BD Unpublished
![Page 17: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mosquito Drum Test Evaluating Novaluron (EcoSafe® G) at Two Ratesagainst Yellow Fever and Asian Tiger Mosquitoes
Water draw-down (15 gal) day 1 and 2, refill day 3 repeat for 13 weeks.Water samples taken for chemical analysis and efficacy 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, 13 weeks.
![Page 18: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TestGroup
Species Week 0 Week 2 Week 4 Week 8 Week 10 Week 13
Controls YFM 96.9 100 96.8 98.0 95.4 98.2
EcoSafe® 0.2X
YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9
EcoSafe® 1X
YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0
Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6
EcoSafe® 0.2X
ATM 15.7 57.3 27.0 0.8 2.4 0.7
EcoSafe® 1X
ATM 0 0 0 0 0 0
Results: Average % Adult Mosquito Emergence (n=10)
Conclusions: 100% mortality of emerging mosquitoes > 13 Weeks at label rate, not as good at 1/5 rate. Safe and Effective to use in drinking water.
![Page 19: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
New Mosquito IGR Product Research
Laboratory and Field Evaluations of Mosquiron 0.12CRD , a New Formulation of Novaluron, Against Culex Mosquitoes. Tianyun, S.U., et. al., J of AMCA, 2014 – EPA Registered briquet formulation not in CA
90-99% effective for up to 35 days in storm drains against Culex Mosquitoes – Ontario, CA – Calif. Research Authorization
Truck-Mounted Area-Wide Application of Pyriproxyfen Targeting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Northeast Florida. Doud, C.W., et.al. J of AMCA, 2014 – Not EPA Registered – EUP
84-92% Inhibition of Adult Emergence from 3 different distances 8-23 meters – Ae. aegypti
~50% fewer adult Ae. albopictus captured in area traps after 2-3 sprayings
![Page 20: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ULV Applications
![Page 21: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
New Fly IGR Product ResearchNovaluron Granules and EC compared with Neporex Granules on Caged LayerOperations in California
Novaluron Evaluations on Dairiesand a Horse Ranch
![Page 22: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
A Point to Ponder
A pair of flies beginning operations in April may be the progenerators, if all were to live, of 191,010,000,000,000,000,000flies by August. Enough to cover the earth 2.5 feet deep. Hodge (1911)
![Page 23: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Applications
![Page 24: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Collect Manure Samples Weekly for 4 weeksBring back to the Lab
Dairy Cows
Horse Stalls
Poultry Barns
6 Reps + sub-reps
![Page 25: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Set-up Cup Bioassays
50 fly eggs – house and stable fly
Score 3 - 4 weeks – Adult Emergence
![Page 26: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Samples from each Farm
Natural Fly Populations
Adult Fly Emergence
Predators, Parasites & Pathogens
![Page 27: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Adult Fly Counts – Lots of Fly Counts!
IGR Effects – Molting & Metamorphosis
![Page 28: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dairy – Neporex (Cyromazine) Lab and Field Study Results
![Page 29: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Novaluron EC and Granules applied to cattle, horse and chicken manure incommercial farming operations provided a high degree of inhibition (≥90%)of adult house fly and stable fly development for up to 4 weeks undercommercial production conditions in central California.
Conclusions
Manure management (cultural control) is an important component encompassing an IPM control strategy. IGRs such as Novaluaronshould also be considered in a rotational chemical control program todelay the onset and severity of insecticide resistance in fly populations.
However!
![Page 30: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
New Tick IGR Product Research
Humans – Animals - Environment
![Page 31: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Pyriproxyfen affects moltingEgg Production and HatchIntermediary Metabolismof the Lone Star Tick –
Donahue, Teel, Meola & Strey TAMU
J Med Entomology 1996 & 1997
Pryiproxyfen + Novaluron? The Research Continues!
![Page 32: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Results
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Larva Nymph
Average Percent of Amblyomma americanum molting (n=10)
Water Control - Run 1
Water Control - Run 2
Pyriproxyfen + Novaluron- 4µg/cm2
Pyriproxyfen + Novaluron- 8µg/cm2
![Page 33: Insect Growth Regulators – Discovery, Development & How ... · YFM 7.1 44.4 15.5 0 1.2 5.9 EcoSafe® 1X YFM 0 0 0 0 0 0 Controls ATM 99.6 98.8 96.1 98.8 97.3 97.6 EcoSafe® 0.2X](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071609/6147a31dafbe1968d37a2deb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Points to Ponder
IGR Control Strategy – Breaking the Life Cycle
Insect Physiology Pioneers – Science Continues
Molting and Metamorphosis – Key for Insects
Urban Pests Controlled by IGRs – Safe & Effective
IGR Product Development Continues…