insect and related critter allergies

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What’s bugging you? Insect (and related critter) allergies Nathan Hare MD November 17, 2010

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Page 1: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

What’s bugging you?Insect (and related critter) allergies

Nathan Hare MDNovember 17, 2010

Page 2: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

What are insects? Related critters that cause allergy

Dust mites What is an allergy? Why do we react? Examples of allergic disease

Asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hives and swelling, anaphylaxis

Immediate vs. Delayed reactions Mechanism of exposure – inhalation vs

bite vs sting Local reactions

Irritant vs allergic Systemic reactions

Page 3: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

http://www.webmd.com/allergies/slideshow-bad-bugs

Page 4: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

What is an Allergy?

The immune system reacts to something harmless (allergen)

It thinks that the allergen is dangerous

Symptoms are caused by the immune system trying to defend the body

“Hypersensitivity”

Page 5: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Routes of Allergen Exposure

Contact / touch

Breathing

Eating

Injection

Page 6: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Types of Allergic Reactions

Immediate

Delayed

Page 7: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Contact Allergens

Immediate Delayed

http://www.ppws.vt.edu/scott/weed_id/toxra.htm

Page 8: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Inhaled Allergens

Immediate

www.doctorfungus.org

Cat Dander, Nat’nl Geographic, May 2006

Page 9: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Ingested Allergens

Immediate Delayed

Page 10: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Injected Allergens

Immediate

http://insectbitespictures.com/bee-sting-pictures.php

Page 11: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

What is an insect?

“an organism with three pairs of legs and three body region– head, thorax, and abdomen.”

It has 6 legs

It has “a pair of antennae and external mouthparts.”

http://insects.about.com/od/insects101/p/whatisaninsect.htm

Page 12: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Identifying Insects

http://insects.about.com/od/insects101/ss/howtoidaninsect.htm

Page 13: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Insects

http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/

Page 14: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

What is an Arachnid?

They have “two distinct regions, the cephalothorax and the abdomen.”

They have 8 legs.

They “lack wings and antennae.”

http://insects.about.com/od/noninsectarthropods/p/arachnida.htm

Page 15: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Arachnids

quickcare.org/skin/lice.html

http://www.realbollywood.com/news/2010/

http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2006/11/13/fluorescent-scorpion-in-uv-light/

Page 16: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Routes of Allergen Exposure

Contact / touch

Breathing

Eating

Injection

Page 17: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Bites

Mosqitoes Black Flies Chiggers Scabies Bed bugs Ticks Fleas Multicolored Asian Ladybeetles

Page 18: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Ticks

http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/insectid/insect_info.php?25

Page 19: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Mosquitos

Page 20: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Black Flies

http://www.ento.okstate.edu/ddd/insects/blackflies.htm

Page 21: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Fleas

Photo: World Health Organization http://insects.about.com/od/fleas/p/char_siphonapte.htm

Page 22: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Chiggers

Dr. W. Calvin Webourn and the Ohio State University Acarology Laboratoryhttp://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/avoid-outdoor-pests/chiggers

Page 23: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Bedbugs

http://urbanentomology.tamu.edu/bedbugs/bedbugs.cfm

Page 24: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Bedbugs

http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/insectid/insect_info.php?20

Page 25: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

http://www.bedbugsremovalguide.com/bed-bug-bites.html

Bedbugs

Page 26: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

http://urbanentomology.tamu.edu/bedbugs/bedbugs.cfm

Leverkus et al 2006

Fletcher et al. 2002

Bedbugs

No reaction Hives or swelling

Page 27: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Air-born Exposure / Inhalation

Cockroaches Multicolored Asian Lady Beetles Dust mites

Page 28: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Cockroaches

Main insect allergy Inner city asthma German and American cockroaches Allergens become airborne on particles

http://pested.unl.edu/comproa.jpg

Page 29: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Multicolored Asian Lady Beetles

http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/insectid/insect_info.php?65

Page 30: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/news/2005/aug/072503.htm

Page 31: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Dust Mites (Acaridae)

0.3 mm long 8 legs Sightless Live on skin scales Entirely dependant on

ambient humidity for their moisture

Optimum growth at 65-80oF

Mite fecal pellet Source of allergens 10-35 μm

Dermatophygoides farinae

D. pteronyssinus D. microceras Blomia tropicalis

Florida in the US

D. farinaeNat’nl GeographicMay 2006

Page 32: Insect and Related Critter Allergies
Page 33: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Stings

Honeybees Wasps Yellow jackets / hornets Fireants Caterpillars

Page 34: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Photograph by Raul Touzon

Ladybugs

Page 35: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Yellow Jackets

http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/insectid/insect_info.php?24

Page 36: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Bumblebee

http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/insectid/insect_info.php?409

Page 37: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Honeybee

(Jim Kalisch, UNL Entomology)

Page 38: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Paperwasp

http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/insectid/insect_info.php?418

Page 39: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Photo by S. Porter., http://fireant.tamu.edu/materials/multimedia_photos/

Fire Ants

Page 40: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Texas Department of Agriculture file photo., http://fireant.tamu.edu/materials/multimedia_photos/

Fire Ants

Page 41: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Texas Department of Agriculture file photos., http://fireant.tamu.edu/materials/multimedia_photos/

Fire Ants

Page 42: Insect and Related Critter Allergies

Caterpillars

R. Bessin, Univ. of Kentuckyhttp://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef003.asp