input modules for arduino

[00-‐3] Input Modules

Smart Services Systems, University of Tasmania

PIR Sensor

Ultrasonic Sensor

Gas Sensor

Temperature Sensor

Switch


University of Tasmania 2

Introduction We have covered very basic Arduino programming last session. In this session, we will learn input modules. There are 9 input modules in the Ardu-‐ez box:

• PIR Sensor Module • Switch Module • Ultrasonic Sensor Module • Gas Sensor Module • Humidity Sensor Module • Sound Sensor Module • Light Sensor Module • Temperature Sensor Module • 3-‐Axis Gyroscope Sensor Module

We will use the RGBLCD to display the values received from input modules. Let’s see what is RGBLCD and what can be done with RGBLCD first.

RGBLCD The RGBLCD module is connected to Ardu-‐ez board. There are total 14 pins (pin number 42~49 & 62~67) are connected to RGBLCD module. The RGBLCD module displays total 32 characters (2 row x 16 columns).

Let’s try the sample code first. The sample code can be downloaded from the website:

http://www.cis.utas.edu.au/iweb3/arduino (“Download Arduino Sample Codes” > “[00-‐3] Input Modules” > “1. RGBLCD”)

Copy and paste the code to the sketch.



Source Code The provided code will display the string “Hello World” and change the colour of the backlight (red, green and blue). /* RgbLcd Library - Hello World RgbLcd Library used LiquidCrystal Library http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystal */ /* ===== RgbLcd Method ===== void begin(uint8_t rs, uint8_t rw, uint8_t enable, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t d0, uint8_t d1, uint8_t d2, uint8_t d3, uint8_t cols=16, uint8_t rows=2); void begin(uint8_t cols, uint8_t rows, uint8_t charsize = LCD_5x8DOTS); void clear(); void home(); void setCursor(uint8_t, uint8_t); void onBacklight(uint8_t rgb, uint8_t bOn); void onBacklightRed(uint8_t bOn=1); void onBacklightGreen(uint8_t bOn=1); void onBacklightBlue(uint8_t bOn=1); =========================== */ /* ===== IMPORT LIBRARY FILE ===== */ #include "RgbLcd.h" /* ================================ */ /* ===== Define Pin Number ===== */ #define RS_PIN 62 #define RW_PIN 63 #define E_PIN 64 #define R_PIN 65 #define G_PIN 66 #define B_PIN 67 #define DATA_PIN4 45 #define DATA_PIN5 44 #define DATA_PIN6 43 #define DATA_PIN7 42 /* ================================ */ /* ===== Define RGBLCD size ===== */ #define LCD_COL 16 #define LCD_ROW 2 /* ================================ */ //Declaration RgbLcd class RgbLcd lcd; //Declaration displayString variable String displayString; void setup(){ // initialise LCD module and set up the LCD's number of columns and rows lcd.begin(RS_PIN, RW_PIN, E_PIN, R_PIN, G_PIN, B_PIN, DATA_PIN4, DATA_PIN5, DATA_PIN6, DATA_PIN7, LCD_COL, LCD_ROW); displayString = "Hello World"; }

These are the functions in the RGBLCD library



void loop() { /* ========================= Red Backlight ========================= */ // turn the blue backlight OFF lcd.onBacklightBlue(0); // can be replaced with -> lcd.onBacklight(2,0); // turn the red backlight ON lcd.onBacklightRed(); // can be replaced with -> lcd.onBacklight(0,1); lcd.clear(); // clear the RGBLCD lcd.print(displayString); // print the string assigned in the setup() lcd.setCursor(0,1); // set the cursor in the second row of the RGBLCD lcd.print("Red"); // print out the "Red" delay(1000); // delay for one second /* ================================================================== */ /* ========================= Green Backlight ========================= */ // turn the red backlight OFF lcd.onBacklightRed(0); // can be replaced with -> lcd.onBacklight(0,0); // turn the green backlight ON lcd.onBacklightGreen(); // can be replaced with -> lcd.onBacklight(1,1); lcd.clear(); // clear the RGBLCD lcd.print(displayString); // print the string assigned in the setup() lcd.setCursor(0,1); // set the cursor in the second row of the RGBLCD lcd.print("Green"); // print out the "Green" delay(1000); // delay for one second /* ================================================================== */ /* ========================= Blue Backlight ========================= */ // turn the green backlight OFF lcd.onBacklightGreen(0); // can be replaced with -> lcd.onBacklight(1,0); // turn the blue backlight ON lcd.onBacklightBlue(); // can be replaced with -> lcd.onBacklight(2,1); lcd.clear(); // clear the RGBLCD lcd.print(displayString); // print the string assigned in the setup() lcd.setCursor(0,1); // set the cursor in the second row of the RGBLCD lcd.print("Blue"); // print out the "Green" delay(1000); // delay for one second /* ================================================================== */ }

Activity Try to change the String (highlighted) part to: displayString = "Any other string you want to put";

Then, upload the code to the Arduino board and see the difference. We have learned RGBLCD module. Now, let’s try Ultrasonic Sensor module (one of the input modules).



Ultrasonic Sensor Module

The ultrasonic sensor module is connected to Ardu-‐ez board. Only one pin (pin number 75) is connected to ultrasonic sensor module. The ultrasonic sensor module generates high frequency sound waves and evaluates the echo, which is received back by the sensor.

Source Codes The sample code will display the distance between the ultrasonic sensor module and the object in millimetre.

The sample code can be downloaded from the website:

http://www.cis.utas.edu.au/iweb3/arduino (“Download Arduino Sample Codes” > “[00-‐3] Input Modules” > “2. Ultrasonic Sensor”)

Copy and paste the code to the sketch. /* UltraSonic Library */ /* ===== UltraSonic Method ===== void begin(int pinNum); int ReadDistanceMilimeter(); // mm int ReadDistanceCentimeter(); // cm int ReadDistanceInche(); // inch =============================== */ #include "UltraSonic.h" // include ultrasonic sensor module library #define ULTRA_PIN 75 // define the pin number of the module UltraSonic ultra; // declare the class UltraSonic as ultra int UltraDistance; // declare the variable (integer) UltraDistance void setup() { ultra.begin(ULTRA_PIN); // set the begin function of ultrasonic module Serial.begin(9600); // set the begin function of Serial monitor(9600) } void loop() { // assign the distance between the module and the object as UltraDistance UltraDistance = ultra.ReadDistanceMilimeter(); // display variable UltraDistance. Serial.print(UltraDistance); // display the “mm” Serial.println("mm"); // delay 1 second delay(1000); }



Activity Try to change the loop (highlighted) part to: // assign the distance between the module and the object as UltraDistance UltraDistance = ultra.ReadDistanceCentimeter(); // display variable UltraDistance. Serial.print(UltraDistance); // display the “cm” Serial.println("cm"); // delay 1 second delay(1000);



Combine Modules We can use both modules in the same time. Before we look into the combined source code, we need to understand which parts are necessary to include in the code. For most cases, the following components are necessary:

1. Import library part 2. Define the pin number 3. Declare the class of the module / declare the variable 4. Set the begin function in setup()

/* UltraSonic Library */ /* ===== UltraSonic Method ===== void begin(int pinNum); int ReadDistanceMilimeter(); // mm int ReadDistanceCentimeter(); // cm int ReadDistanceInche(); // inch =============================== */ #include "UltraSonic.h" // include ultrasonic sensor module library #define ULTRA_PIN 75 // define the pin number of the ultrasonic module UltraSonic ultra; // declare the class UltraSonic as ultra int UltraDistance; // declare the variable (integer) UltraDistance void setup() { ultra.begin(ULTRA_PIN); // set the begin function of ultrasonic module Serial.begin(9600); // set the begin function of Serial monitor(9600) } void loop() { // assign the distance between the module and the object as UltraDistance UltraDistance = ultra.ReadDistanceMilimeter(); // display variable UltraDistance. Serial.print(UltraDistance); // display the “mm” Serial.println("mm"); // delay 1 second delay(1000); }

*loop function part may vary depending on the program. Then, go to the website and open the code “Combine_RGBLCD_Ultra.ino” that you can download from website.

http://www.cis.utas.edu.au/iweb3/arduino (“Download Arduino Sample Codes” > “[00-‐3] Input Modules” > “4. Combine_RGBLCD_Ultra”)

*Comments

1. import library

2. define the pin number

3. declare the class / variable

4. set the begin function in setup()



Activity Fill the blank below and try to complete the code. The completed code should display the “Ultrasonic Distance = ” with the measured distance between the object and the module. The measured distance should be updated every second. /* ===== IMPORT LIBRARY FILE ===== */ #include "RgbLcd.h" // include RGBLCD module library

// include ultrasonic sensor module library /* ================================ */ /* ===== Define Pin Number ===== */ #define RS_PIN 62 #define RW_PIN 63 #define E_PIN 64 #define R_PIN 65 #define G_PIN 66 #define B_PIN 67 #define DATA_PIN4 45 #define DATA_PIN5 44 #define DATA_PIN6 43 #define DATA_PIN7 42 // define the pin number of the ultrasonic module /* ================================ */ /* ===== Define LCD size ===== */ #define LCD_COL 16 #define LCD_ROW 2 /* ================================ */ //Declaration RgbLcd class RgbLcd lcd; // declare the class UltraSonic as ultra // declare the variable (integer) UltraDistance void setup(){ // initialise LCD module and set up the LCD's number of columns and rows lcd.begin(RS_PIN, RW_PIN, E_PIN, R_PIN, G_PIN, B_PIN, DATA_PIN4, DATA_PIN5, DATA_PIN6, DATA_PIN7, LCD_COL, LCD_ROW); // turn the green backlight ON lcd.onBacklightGreen(); // can be replaced with -> lcd.onBacklight(1,1); // set the begin function of ultrasonic module } void loop() { // assign the distance between the module and the object as UltraDistance

lcd.clear(); // clear the RGBLCD lcd.print("Ultrasonic"); // print out the "Ultrasonic" lcd.setCursor(0,1); // set the cursor in the second row of the RGBLCD lcd.print("Distance = "); // print out the "Distance = " // print the variable UltraDistance delay(1000); // delay for one second }

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Other Input Modules There are more input modules materials on the website:

http://www.cis.utas.edu.au/iweb3/arduino (“Download Arduino Materials” > “2. Modules” > “Input Modules”) You can try some code from the materials and try to combine them with RGBLCD. You may start from “Gas Sensor Module”. Input Modules:

• PIR Sensor Module • Switch Module • Ultrasonic Sensor Module • Gas Sensor Module • Humidity Sensor Module • Sound Sensor Module • Light Sensor Module • Temperature Sensor Module • 3-‐Axis Gyroscope Sensor Module

input modules for arduino

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