t

INNOVATIVETECHNOLOGIES FORTHE REMEDIATION OF TRANSURANIC-CONTAMINATED LANDFILLS

Kevin Kos te l n i k Idaho N a t i o n a l Eng ineer ing Labora to ry

Lockheed M a r t i n Idaho Technologies

A b s t r a c t

(208) 526-9642

The c o m p l e x i t y and h e t e r o g e n e i t y o f b u r i e d waste a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Complex has r e q u i r e d c o n s i d e r a b l e e f f o r t t o

i d e n t i f y a p p r o p r i a t e r e m e d i a t i o n schemes. P r e l i m i n a r y e v a l u a t i o n s i n d i c a t e

t h a t s i g n i f i c a n t t e c h n o l o g i c a l advancements a r e r e q u i r e d t o s a f e l y and c o s t -

e f f e c t i v e l y complete t h e remed ia t i on o f t h e s e b u r i e d waste s i t e s w i t h i n t h e

d e f i n e d t ime- f rame.

The TRU-contaminated A r i d L a n d f i l l S t a b i l i z a t i o n (TALS) Program,

f o r m e r l y t h e B u r i e d Waste I n t e g r a t e d Demonstrat ion ( B W I D ) program, was

o rgan ized by t h e U. S. Department o f Energy ( D O E ) , O f f i c e o f Technology

Development (OTD), t o develop advanced t e c h n o l o g i e s t o s o l v e problems

assoc ia ted w i t h t h e env i ronmenta l r e m e d i a t i o n o f DOE b u r i e d t r a n s u r a n i c waste

l o c a t e d i n a r i d environments. The s p e c i f i c m i s s i o n o f t h e TALS Program i s t o

manage t h e development o f emerging techno logy systems and promote t h e i r use t o

improve t h e DOE env i ronmenta l remed ia t i on and waste management o p e r a t i o n s f o r

TRU-contaminated l a n d f i l l s i n a r i d environments.

Imp lemen ta t i on o f t h e TALS Program i n v o l v e s f i v e key s t r a t e g i e s .

(1.) A systems e n g i n e e r i n g approach i s used t o advance t e c h n o l o g i c a l s o l u t i o n s

which s a t i s f y t h e needs o f ou r customers. ( 2 . 1 The b e s t sc ience and

techno logy i s used, t h i s i n v o l v e s engineers and s c i e n t i f i c e x p e r t i s e f r o m

th roughou t t h e U.S. government, u n i v e r s i t i e s , p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y , and

i n t e r n a t i o n a l communit ies. (3 . ) Technology development i s managed t o

performance-based requi rements. ( 4 . ) I n t e g r a t e d p r o d u c t teams a r e formed

which i n c l u d e techno logy end-users as w e l l a s i n d u s t r y p a r t n e r s . (5.) On-

g o i n g work sponsored by t h e former B W I D w i l l be l eve raged and suppor ted t o

o b t a i n e a r l y successes f o r t h e TALS Program.

Hork supported by t h e Department o f Energy Ass is tant Secretary for Environmental Restora t ion & Haste Management, under DOE Idaho bpera t ions Of f ice Cont rac t DE-AC07-941013223.

DISCLAIMER

Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document.

The TALS Program i s f o c u s i n g i t s resources on f o u r techno logy systems.

These systems a r e t h e S i t e C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n System, t h e C o n t a i n e r i z e d Waste

Assay System, t h e B u r i e d Waste Removal System, and t h e I n S i t u S t a b i l i z a t i o n

System.

The S i t e C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n System p r o v i d e s p h y s i c a l , chemical , and

r a d i o l o g i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n and i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f nea r -subsur face waste and o t h e r

o b j e c t s , and a s s o c i a t e d conta inment s t r u c t u r e s . N o n - i n t r u s i v e t e c h n o l o g i e s

t h a t c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e s i z e , shape, depth, p h y s i c a l o r i e n t a t i o n , and

c o n s t i t u e n t makeup o f nea r -subsur face (C10m) waste o b j e c t s a r e suppor ted

th rough t h i s system.

The C o n t a i n e r i z e d Waste Assay System p r o v i d e s improved accuracy and

s h o r t e r count t i m e s t o n o n i n t r u s i v e l y c h a r a c t e r i z e waste c o n t a i n e r s . T h i s

system i s capable o f d e t e r m i n i n g t h e c o n t a i n e r ' s waste m a t r i x , f i s s i l e

m a t e r i a l q u a n t i t y , s p e c i f i c n u c l i d e c o n c e n t r a t i o n , f r e e l i q u i d q u a n t i t y , and

a d d i t i o n a l s p a t i a l i n f o r m a t i o n .

The B u r i e d Waste Removal System p r o v i d e s advanced waste h a n d l i n g ,

r e t r i e v a l , and conveyance techniques. Us ing remote o p e r a t i o n s , o p e r a t o r s can

s a f e l y and e f f i c i e n t l y remove b u r i e d waste contaminated w i t h r a d i o a c t i v e and

hazardous c o n s t i t u e n t s . T h i s system i s designed t o reduce t h e r i s k s t o human

h e a l t h and t h e e n v i ronment.

The I n S i t u S t a b i l i z a t i o n System i s f o c u s i n g on p r o v i d i n g technology

systems t h a t suppor t i n s i t u d i s p o s a l o f wastes. These techn iques p reven t

m i g r a t i o n o f contaminants f rom t h e b u r i e d waste as w e l l as p r e v e n t subsidence

o f t h e waste. I n t e r i m as w e l l as l o n g - t e r m s t a b i l i z a t i o n m a t e r i a l s a r e b e i n g

devel oped.

The TALS Program suppor ts these b u r i e d waste r e m e d i a t i o n e f f o r t s by

seek ing o u t the b e s t t a l e n t t o s o l v e these techno logy c h a l l e n g e s as i d e n t i f i e d

i n b a s e l i n e r e m e d i a t i o n s t r a t e g i e s .

u n i v e r s i t i e s , p r i v a t e s e c t o r , and t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l community a r e b e i n g

i n c l uded i n t h i s program t o sol ve these c h a l l enges and ensure imp1 ementat i on

and c o m m e r c i a l i z a t i o n o f i n n o v a t i v e t e c h n o l o g i e s .

Exper t s f rom th roughou t t h e DOE complex,

Introduction

The U.S. Department of Energy ( D O E ) has in i t ia ted a comprehensive

research, development, demonstration, tes t ing a n d evaluation program t o

provide innovative technology systems t o achieve i t s environmental management

responsibi l i t ies . The Office of Technology Development (OTD) i s responsible

for t h i s research in support of t h e Offices of Environmental Restoration a n d

Waste Management e f for t s .

I n f i sca l year (FY I 1992 the OTD established the Buried Waste Integrated

Demonstration ( B W I D ) . The B W I D mission was t o support the development of

emerging technologies for t he i r application t o the remediation of DOE buried

waste s i t e .

During FY95, the B W I D program was transitioned into a larger program

which will focus i t s attention t o D O E Landfills a n d Contaminated Soils. The

research and ac t iv i t i e s formerly referred t o as the BWID will now be

associated with the Transuranic-contaminated Arid Landfill Stabil ization

Program (TALS).

Background

The a m o u n t of buried waste located throughout the DOE complex as of 1990

i s estimated a t approximately 3.1 million cubic meters ( D O E Complex Buried

Waste Assessment, PNL-8390). This waste i s predominantly located a t the

Hanford S i t e , S a v a n n a h River S i t e , I d a h o National Engineering Laboratory

( I N E L ) , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a n d Rocky Flats Plant. The waste a t

these various DOE s i t e s has been buried or stored in trenches, p i t s , storage

pads, or other special structures. Much of t h i s buried waste i s believed t o be contaminated with hazardous and radioactive materials.

remediation challenges are presented for buried waste, particularly the pre-

1970 buried transuranic (TRU) contaminated waste.

Significant

Approach

A system e n g i n e e r i n g a n a l y s i s was per formed based on t h e s t r a t e g i c

p l a n n i n g , t e c h n i c a l requi rements and programmatic assumptions o f v a r i o u s DOE

Environmental Restorat ion/Waste Management (ER/WM) programs. Severa l h i g h -

l e v e l systems a r e p r e s e n t l y b e i n g suppor ted by t h e TALS. These systems a r e

i l l u s t r a t e d i n f i g u r e s 1, 2 , and 3. F i g u r e 1 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e R e t r i e v a l and Ex

S i t u Treatment System. F i g u r e 2 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e I n S i t u S t a b i l i z a t i o n ,

Treatment, and M o n i t o r i n g System. And F i g u r e 3 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e Containment

System. I n d i v i d u a l t e c h n o l o g i e s supported by t h e TALS Program a r e l i s t e d

w i t h i n each subelement o f each system.

Remediation Techno1 ogies

Technologies a r e b e i n g developed th rough t h e TALS Program t o s a t i s f y

s p e c i f i c performance o b j e c t i v e s . Key t e c h n o l o g i e s w i t h i n t h e TALS i n c l u d e :

t h e S e l e c t i v e R e t r i e v a l System, t h e C o n t a i n e r i z e d Waste Assay System, t h e S i t e

C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n System, and t h e I n S i t u S t a b i l i z a t i o n System.

The S e l e c t i v e R e t r i e v a l System i s b e i n g demonstrated a t t h e INEL i n

1995. T h i s System i s an advanced c o o p e r a t i v e t e l e r o b o t i c r e t r i e v a l u n i t . I t

i s based o f f o f an overhead g a n t r y p l a t f f o r m which can deploy m u l t i p l e

r e m e d i a t i o n t o o l s i n suppor t o f r e t r i e v a l o p e r a t i o n s . Two r o b o t i c

man ipu la to rs , a crane, a vacuuming t o o l , con tamina t ion c o n t r o l dev i ces , and

v a r i o u s c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n sensors a r e a l l b e i n g i n t e g r a t e d i n t o t h e system.

The System i s b e i n g designed and t e s t e d t o pe r fo rm c a r e f u l r e t r i e v a l of

s e l e c t e d contaminants l o c a t e d w i t h i n a l a r g e r b u r i a l s i t e .

The C o n t a i n e r i z e d Waste Assay System i s b e i n g designed t o n o n i n t r u s i v e l y

c h a r a c t e r i z e waste c o n t a i n e r s .

q u a n t i t a t i v e l y d e t e r m i n i n g t h e waste c o n s t i t u e n t s o f 55 g a l l o n drums.

System suppor t s t h e shipment o f waste t o e i t h e r t r e a t m e n t and/or d i s p o s a l

f a c i l i t i e s . P r e c i s i o n , accuracy and th roughpu t r a t e s a r e b e i n g improved

Emphasis has been on q u a l i t a t i v e l y and

T h i s

versus the comparable rates for conventional assay techniques.

Specific waste characterization technology goals are t o ( a ) determine

the waste matrix, ( b ) obtain spatial information, ( c ) determine f i s s i l e

material quantity, ( d ) determine the specific nuclide concentration, a n d ( e )

determine the quantity of a n y f ree l iquids .

The Si te Characterization System provides physical, chemical, and

radiological information a n d interpretation o f near-surface waste, other

objects, a n d containment features. Nonintrusive technology which

characterizes the s ize , shape, depth, physical or ientat ion, a n d constituent

makeup of near-surface waste objects are being developed.

The I n Situ Stabil ization System involves s tabi l iz ing hazardous a n d radioactive buried wastes in place. This concept could be used as a n interim solution t h a t i s followed by retrieval for l a t e r treatment a n d disposal or as a long-term f inal solution. For b o t h approaches j e t grouting equipment i s used t o inject grout material into the buried waste matrix. The grouting process s tab i l izes a n d immobilizes waste forms a n d contaminants in place. Various materials are being investigated for t he i r application t o t h i s remediation scheme. Results from a 1994 grouting a n d fracturing demonstration a t the I N E L showed t h i s technique has promise for s tabi l iz ing DOE buried waste s i t e s .

Industry/University Partners

The TALS Program has o b t a i n e d the support of univers i t ies , private industry, and national laboratories i n t h e development o f these innovative technologies. During FY-94 there were 23 industry/university partners a n d six national laboratories involved. In FY-95, there were 38 industry/university partners, 12 national laboratories, a n d 7 U.S. Government Agencies involved in our techno1 ogy devel opment process.

The TALS Program emphasizes the t ransfer of technology t o private industry so t h a t they can respond t o requests t o remediate D O E waste s i t e s i n the future. Several technologies have been commercialized since the l a s t Cooperative Research Program Meeting.

Analytical. The system i s supporting remediation operations a t the S a v a n n a h River S i te . t h i s system and i t s analytical capabi l i t ies .

company Sage Earth Sciences.

The Rapid Transuranic Monitoring Laboratory has been licensed t o Thermo

Significant cost savings are being obtained through the use of

The Rapid Geophysical Surveyor has been commercialized by the spin-up Sage Earth has provided surveys t o a variety of

customers i n c l u d i n g t h e U.S. N a t i o n a l Park Serv i ce , t h e U.S. Department of Defense, t h e U.S. Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agency, and p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y .

Management o r g a n i z a t i o n . suppor t u n i t . t h e INEL and t h e DOE Hanford s i t e .

The Contaminat ion Con t ro l U n i t has been t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e INEL Waste T h i s U n i t i s b e i n g used as an Emergency Response

It a l s o has supported contaminated s o i l r e m e d i a t i o n e f f o r t s a t

S umma r y

Cons ide rab le e f f o r t s a r e under way t o r e s o l v e t h i s n a t i o n s env i ronmenta l c h a l l enges. To ach ieve these goal s s i g n i f i c a n t techno1 o g i c a l advancements a r e r e q u i r e d t o s a f e l y and c o s t - e f f e c t i v e l y complete t h e r e m e d i a t i o n o f t hese contaminated waste s i t e s . The TALS Program has r e s u l t e d i n t h e development o f m u l t i p l e advanced techno logy systems. These systems n o t o n l y suppor t problems assoc ia ted w i t h t h e env i ronmenta l r e m e d i a t i o n o f DOE b u r i e d t r a n s u r a n i c waste l o c a t e d i n a r i d environments b u t L a n d f i l l r e m e d i a t i o n i n genera l .

Four techno logy systems have been t h e focus o f t h i s Program's research. These systems a r e t h e S i t e C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n System, t h e C o n t a i n e r i z e d Waste Assay System, t h e B u r i e d Waste Removal System, and t h e I n S i t u S t a b i l i z a t i o n System. S p e c i f i c t echno logy performance o b j e c t i v e s have been e s t a b l i s h e d and t e s t e d a g a i n s t . The r e s u l t s o f t h i s research has been documented.

people. T h e r e f o r e c o n s i d e r a b l e t e c h n i c a l c o l l a b o r a t i o n has been r e q u i r e d t o achieve t h i s research.

The f i n a l r e s u l t s of t h i s research i s t h e c o m m e r c i a l i z a t i o n and imp lemen ta t i on of advanced techno log ies . be ing implemented across t h e DOE Complex. reduced b o t h r e m e d i a t i o n c o s t s and w o r k e r ' s r i s k t o exposure w h i l e s a t i s f y i n g r e m e d i a t i o n schedules.

The approach t o techno logy development i s t o use t h e b e s t sc ience and

TALS-sponsored t e c h n o l o g i e s a r e These imp lemen ta t i on e f f o r t s have

DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

1.0 3.0

CharacterIration Containment W a W h Ab0Vegr;rde b -

I FY-94 Thermal Inhared Imaglng Sysiem (22) Innovatlva Qmutlng MagnelWEIeUromagnelk and Retrbval (124) Gewhyskal Surveying (24) In SItu Encapsulatlon of Rapld Goophpksl Survey (28) BurledWalte (126) Remote Characterization Sysiem (28) Monollthk Conllnemnt (128)

Contamination Control Unn (78) Fbrafion 01 Sol Sudaco Contamlnatbn Uslng Natural Polysaochahs (78)

I 1’ I F V A A

b;&d Pemtntlng Ridmr (30) Tenror Megnetk QNdlomatOr(32) Bmadband ElectmmagnaUca (34) Invsna Scanarlng around Pen tnUng Rider

Nonlnlrurlvr Chanctar&atlon and Sanrlng 01

RapldTRU Monltorlng Lmbonlory (62) Metablsotopa Analyak ElrctmU1emuVPfrsrna

tmaglng (36)

Burlad Objects (38)

Virtual Envbonnmnt VkuaLalbn olBurkd Waste (42) Imaging Inha red ln te~emmele r~ ) H@h.Resvhilbn Imaglng Udng Hobgqohk lrpulsr

MIY EerW-The EbclmmagneMc System (4.6) PlaUormr lor Eledmnagnelic and Magnolk

Waste Assay Measuramnt Integralbn System (56)

Radar Ansy (46)

Senwm (50)

FY-04 (Bold) M4S (llll&)

PrlorYaan Vlhhallon 01 Lowlevel Radloadve Nnrate

Plasma Centrnugal Furnace (104) Plasma Fked HeaN Process (10s)

FY-04 Modellngmermal Plasma Arc (108) STRATEX (110)

Fy-os Secondary lbatmenf of Offgas (I 12) GrephRe M: Arc Plasma (I 14) VtWKcallon Furnam In SRu Real Time

Aro MeRerVnr/t%alhn (I 18) Prompt Qammr Neulmn Acllvation

Salts and S o b (102)

Measvramenls (I 16)

AnaWrls (120)

1.0 Oveltxlrden FlemwaWasle ReblevelConvwanm

4.0 Overburden Characterizatbn I PrlorYaan

Thermal Infrared lmaglng System (22) Remote CharactoriraLn System (28)

FY-94 Nonlntrtnlve Chamctedratlon a n d Senslng 01 Burled Objects (38) RipldTRU Monlorlng Laboratory (52) MotaYIsotopa Analyrh by ElectrothermaYPlasma and Dlode Laser Spectrometry (54)

Dgface ChamcteNatbn (40) Vlriual Enwmnmonl Viruallzefbn (42) Waste Assay Measurement lnlegfalun

Pmmpl Qammr Neutn?nActlvrlhm System (56)

Ana&& (120)

Thermal Irilrared Imaging System (22)

NonlnIrualve Chmctrrhatlon and - RapldTRU Monltorlng Labontory (62) Senslng 01 Burlad Objects (38)

ElectrothwnaYPlarma and Oloda MetalllaoIopr An l l y rh by

DglsCa ChamcteNatbn (40) WrlualEnvkonmnl Vlwalizalbn (42) Waste Array Moasurenmnl lnlegmllon System (58) Pmmpl O8Inmr Naulmn

i i

* Cryogank Retrloval(72) Retrieval Oemondralbn (74) Contamlnatlon Control Unll(76) Fkatbn of Contaminatkn (78) Ele*mrtalk Curtain (80)

FY-04 RapldTRU Monltorlng Llbo~itOry (52)

Fy-06 Digfam Charactemahlon (40) Real T h e TRU Dust Monnorhg (Sa) Ctyogenk cunhg system (66) Three.Dlmenslonal Dynamk Gmphlc Simulalbn d Rebhval OpUonr (88) Remote Excavatbn System (eo) Remote Wasm Conwyanm. Ramole Operated Emavatof d Inndveth End Elkclor (Q2) . Cooperative Tele&tk Retleval (W) MmhAO H e m Monnoring (ea)

1 I 8.0 1

FY-04 Rapld TRU Monlorlng Laboratory (52) Moldliolopr Anrlysb by ElecbothwmaVPhsmi and Olode L i t e r Spectrometry (64)

FY-95 Wasle &say Measuremen1 lnlegmlbn System @E) Real T i m TRU Dust MonRonng (56) O@aal Radiography and Conputed Tomogmphy (SO)

0 ComWned ThermaEpiihermlhbutron Waste

Achvo and Passlvo Computod Tomoorpphy ol

Excavared Waste Assay (88) Prompt Gamma Nautrvn ActEvrtlon

A s e y (62)

f ladbacfh M s t o (64)

An8ly.fr 1110)

1 PrlorYeaN Cryolradure (70) 1

1 RapldTRU Monitoring Laboratory (52)

Real Tlme TRU Dusl Monnoring (58)

YO5 0267

Figure 1. Retrieval and Ex Situ Treatment

1.0 waste/Sne + Charaderkation

Prior Years MagnetldElectromagnetk Geoplydcal Surveying (24) RapM (jeophysica~ survey (26) Remote Charaderkatlon System (28)

FY-94 Thermal Infrared lmaglng System (22)

b Ground Penelratlng Radar (30) b Tensor Magnetlc Gradlometor (32) b Broadband Electromagnelics (34)

Inverse Scattering Ground Penetrating Radar Imaging (36)

b Nonlntruslvo Characterization and Sensing of Buried Objects (38) d

b Rapld TRU Monltoring Laboratory 152) MetaVlsotope Analysis by Electrothermal Plasma and Olode Laser Spectrometry (54)

2.0 3.0 4.0 Belowgrade + In Sltu ----) Abovegrade * lsolatlon Trealmenl Containment

FY-95 Vlrfual fnvlmnmenf Wsuallzatlon of Burled Waste (42) lmaglng Infrared Interferometer (44) Hlgh Resolution lmaglng Uslng Holograph& Inpulse Radar Amy (46) Very far&-Jlme Electmmagnetlc System (48) Platform for Electtvmagnetk: Sensots (50)

0 Waste Assay Measurement lntegatlon System (56) @ DIgltal Radlogtaphy and Computed Jomogaphy

of Waste Drum (60) Comblned Thermaf@lthermal Neutron Waste Assay (62) Actlve and Passlve Conputed Tomography Waste Assay of Radioacllve Waste (64)

0 Excavated Waste Assay (66)

FY-94 (Bdd) F%95 (Itallc)

lnnovatlve Groutlng and Retrieval (124)

9 In Sltu Encapsulatlon of Buried Waste (1 26)

Contamlnatlon Control Unit (76) Fixallon of Soil Surface Contamlnatlon Using Natural Potysaccharkles (78)

9.0 Monitor and Interim Assessment

Thermal lnlrared Imaging System (22)

Nonlnfruslve Charactetizaflon and Senslng of Burled Objects (38)

FY-94 RapldTRU Monitoring

MetaVlsotope Analysls by ElectrothermaWlasma Laboratory (52)

and Dlode Laser Spectrometry (54)

Waste Assay Measurement Integration Syslem (56) Real Jlme JRU Dust Monltoring (58) D/gltal Radlogmphy and Conlputed

Comblned JhermaMpllhermal Neutmn Waste Tomography (60)

Assay (62)

Radloadlve Waste (64) Active and Passive Conputed Tmogtaphy of

Excavated Waste Assay (66) Prompt Gamma Neutron Actlvatlon Analysls (120)

6.0 Ovettwden Characlerlzatbn

PrlorYeara Thermal Infrared lmaglng System (22) Remote Chataderizallon Sysfem (281

FY-94 Rapld TRU Monitoring Laboratory (52) MetaVlsotop Analysis by Electrothermal Plasma and Dlodo Laser Spectrometry (54)

Dlgface Charaderlzatlon (40) Vlriual fnvlronment Visuallzatlon (42) Waste Assay Measurement

Prompt Gamma-Ray Neutron lntegratlon System (56)

7.0 Slze Reduction

Prior Years Cryolradure (70)

RapldTRU Monltorlng FY-94

Laboratory (52)

FY-95 Real T h e TRU Dust

Cryogenlc Cufllng (86) Moniiorlng (58)

6.0 Overburden flemova Waste Retrieval/Conveyan

PrlorYears Cryogenlc Retrlwal(72) Retrieval Demonstration (74) Contamlnation Control Unlt(76) Fkatlon of Contaminallon (78) Eleclrostatk Curtaln (80) Overburden Removal (82)

Rapld TRU Monltorina Laboratorv 1521 FY-94

FY-95 Dlgface Characterlzatlon (40) Real Time TRU Dust Monnorhg (58) Cryogenlc Cufllng System (86)

0 Three-Dlmenslonal Dynamlc Graphlc Slmulatlon of Retrieval Options (88) Remote Excavation System (90) Remote Waste Conmyance, Remote Operated Excavator I Innovative End Effectors (92) Cooperatlve Jelerobotk Retrievd (96) Machlne Heanh Monltoting (98)

Figure 2. In Situ Stabilization, Treatment, and Monitoring

1.0 2.0 3.0 WastelSlte Charaderizatlon Belowgrade isolation Abovegrade Contalnment I

Rapid Geoptr,skal Survey (26) e Remote Charaderizallon System (28)

FY-94 * Ground Penetrating Radar (30) m Tensor Magnetic Gradiometer (32) @ Broadband Electronics (34) * Inverse Scattering Ground Penetrating

@ Nonlntrusive Characterization and Sensing of

'RapldTRU Monitoring Laboratory (52)

FY-95 Virtual Environment Msualizatlon of Burled Waste (42) Imaging lnfrared interferometer (44) UlgkResolutlon Imaging Udng Holographic in~uise

Very Early-Time Electromagnellc System (48) 0 Platforms for Electromagnetic and Magnetk

Waste Assay Measurement lntegation System (56)

Radar imaging (36)

Burled Objects (38)

Radar Array (46)

Sensors (50)

Prior Yearn * Thermal Infrared imaging System (22)

Magneticniectromagnetk Geophysical Surveylng (24 Rapid Geophysical Survey (26) Remote Charaderization System (28)

FY-94 Ground Penetrating Radar (30) Tensor Magnetlc Gradlometer (32) Broadband €iectromagnetice (34) Inverse Scattering Ground Penetrating

RapldTRU Monitoring Laboratory'(52) * Metsffleatope Analysle by Electrothermal Plasma

and Diode Laser Spectrometry (54)

Radar imaging (36) 4

FY-95 Nonlntfusfve Characterlzatlon and Sensing of

Vlrtual Envlronmenl VIsuallzation of Butied Waste (42 Imaging Infrared Interferometer (44) UigkFlesolutlon Imaging Using Holosrephc Inpulse

kry Eafly-The Elecfromagneffc System (48) Plafforms for Electromagnetk and Magnetk

Waste Assay Measursment lntegation System (56)

Burled ObJects (38)

Radar Array (46)

Sensors (50)

FY-94 (Bold) Fy-95 (ltallc)

FY-94 Innovative Grouting and Retrieval (124) In Situ Encapsulation of Buried Waste (1 26) Monollthlc Confinement (128)

Prlor Years Contaminatlon Control Unl(76) Fixation of Soil Surface Contamlnation Uslng Natural Polysaccharides (78) Eledrostatlc Curtain (80)

9 Monitor

Y95 0269

F i g u r e 3 . Containment