INNOVATIVE SCHOOL DESIGN FOR SCIENCE

EDUCATION

Mirjana Božić*, Vesna Milićević-Antonić**, Slavica Nikolić***

*Institute of Physics, Belgrade, Serbia, **Bureau BAJIN, Belgrade, Serbia, *** AIA, New York, USA

International symposium on Advanced Technologies in Education, Athens, Greece, January 26-27, 2007.

Designing science laboratory for tomorrow

Knowledge about basic natural laws

• created and accumulated by greatest scientists through an impressive historical endeavour

• students should have the opportunity to repeat their experience and reasoning

• such a goal imposes that a wider space than a classroom is necessary. One needs a corridor, a courtyard, a roof, a terrace in order to incorporate devices and elements for mapping natural phenomena and studying them

• This can be achieved treating the school building and its environment as a 3D lecture book and Lab

CREATORS AND DEVELOPERS

OF THE CONCEPT OF A SCHOOL AS A 3D LECTURE BOOK AND LAB

SCIENCE EDUCATORS SCIENCE EDUCATORS

and and

SCHOOL DESIGNERSSCHOOL DESIGNERS

SCIENCE EDUCATORSSCIENCE EDUCATORS

Deck the Halls columns, The Physics Teacher, 1972-2001Deck the Halls columns, The Physics Teacher, 1972-2001

J. Meinke, real science done outdoors, since 1990, New Community Networks (Communities created and developing through the use of Internet)_

PHYSARCH: School Architecture and Physics Education -part ofPHYSARCH: School Architecture and Physics Education -part ofthe project WYP2005 Europe, 2003 - the project WYP2005 Europe, 2003 -

International Conference on Physics education and School Design, Belgrade, 2005

Finnish National Board of Education, ConferenceFinnish National Board of Education, ConferenceThe school of tomorrow – learning environment, pedagogy and The school of tomorrow – learning environment, pedagogy and

architecturearchitecture, 2006

Examples from The Cosmic Perspective, by Bennett et. al. (Pearson Addison Wesley, )

SCHOOL DESIGNERSSCHOOL DESIGNERS

DESIGNSHARE – International Forum for Innovative school design, Annual Honnour Awards for school designs, since 2000. P.Nair and R. Fielding, The Language of School Design, 2005.

American Arch. Foundation, National Summit on School Design, 2003

School Building Organization S.A., Greece, development of school facilities, 1998-

International Students’ Competition, Design ideas for school as a Design ideas for school as a lecture book of physics, lecture book of physics, organized by the Inst. Phys. and Faculty of Architecture, Belgrade, 2006

Designers of NUS High school for SE, Singapore, 2005 Spielgeraete-Richter, Play stations for developing senses,

COGNITIVE INSTALLATIONS AND PATTERNS

proposed and developed by the above mentioned science educators and school designers

PROMOTE- science & scientific methods

- rational thinking technique

- scientific concepts and ideas

- information & and communication necessity

- scientific opinion, debate, critique, dialogue, doubts

- overcoming of scientific problem and inter-disciplinary dispense

- curiosity, motivation and willingness for engagement

- energy saving

-new aesthetics

COGNITIVE INSTALLATIONS AND PATTERNS

Are applicable to:

• Environmental issues

• Teaching method and curriculum

• Self-education

• Meeting the scientists

• Approach to IT resources

• Research projects

• Psycho-social activities

• Inhabitants of Lepenski Vir Inhabitants of Lepenski Vir on Danube knew on Danube knew 88000 years 000 years ago to devide a circle into six ago to devide a circle into six equal parts. The remains of equal parts. The remains of their buildings are testimony their buildings are testimony of their knowledge of of their knowledge of geometry. The base of their geometry. The base of their buildings was a trapeze, cut buildings was a trapeze, cut from an angle of 60from an angle of 60 degrees degrees

HISTORY

Sculptures of artists from Lepenski Vir

Home base of inhabitants of Lepenski vir tell us about their knowledge of basic elements of an equilateral triangle and its relation to a circle.

Learning about number pi and basic elements of infinitesimal calculus by imitating architects from

Lepenski Vir and Archimedes

The meaning of the number pi would be understood and remembered properly for ever if thought by measuring radiuses ri and circumferences Oi of many large concentric circles drawn in a courtyard and by evaluating the ratios Oi/ri.

If a corridor and a courtyard of a school would be decorated with a series of circles having inscribed more and more regular polygons, the idea of a limit and its use in infinitesimal calculus would become familiar to very young students.

Retrograde motion of planets may be demonstrated on a school wall with two students moving with appropriate speeds along two

concentric circles in a courtyard.

J.Bennett at al., the Cosmic Perspective

To repeat Erathostenes measurement of the radius of the Earth, a column in the courtyard is very useful. It is useful for physical geography in general.

TRACKS ALONG STAIRCASE WITH BELLS TO PERFORM FREE FALL EXPERIMENTS IN GALILEO WAY

FROM ONE OF EIGHTEEIN WORKS AT THE STUDENT COMPETITIION

This picture from Astronomie, The Modern Perspective suggests in an ideal way how to use school design to teach basic elements of a cone. The sections of a cone are crucial for understanding and memorizing the classification of orbits in the gravitational field.

R. Szostak, Simple hands-on experiments for teaching astronomySimple hands-on experiments for teaching astronomy, Hands on-Experiments in Physics Education, Proc. ICPE-GIREP International Conference, Duisburg, Germany, 1988, ed. by G. Born, H. Harreis, H. Litschke, N. Treitz (Didaktik der Physik, Duisburg, 1999).

Transparent dome with a diaphragm and a mechanism to record daily and annual path of the Sun.

On a globe having the same orientation as the Earth one may observe and determine the position of a day-night line and its motion over the Earth. Chlore Garden of Science,Chlore Garden of Science,

Weizmann Institute of ScienceWeizmann Institute of Science,,

Observing day - night line on a properly oriented globe.in a Science park of school yard

U.S. Naval ObservatoryAstronomical Applications Department

Day and Night Across the Earth on 2004 Oct 10 at 14:39 UT

Max Valier observatory

The shadow of the globe axis may be also used to determine approximately the true local time. It is just necessary to draw on the horizontal surface below the globe, the time scale appropriate for the local place.

Traditional equatorial sundail is a simplified form of a globe which simulates Earth's orientation and has an extended axis. It is as a cut off, along the equator and the axis, from a globe which simulates Earth's orientation.

Courtyard tyling

Vegetation

Amphitheater

Whether recorder at the University of Trondheim

Sun rays focused by the sphere record sunny days in Trondheim by burning small areas on a plate behind a sphere.

The basic phenomena and properties of light were discovered and studied using the Sun as a source of light. A peace of reflecting material on an outside wall of the school building would help teachers to

demonstrate polarization under reflection

This would be in just the same way as Malus discovered polarization by contemplating through a calcite crystal light reflected from the windows of the Luxembourg Palace in Paris.

Filters and mirrors on a window to observe color mixing of sunlight

Simulation using the program 3D studio

Model for demonstration

Optical illusionsRotating discs

Spielgeraete-Richter, Play stations for developing senses

Solar roofing

Energy saving

Solar cladding

Such a picture on ceramic tiles would inspire students to think about this nice phenomena, its cause and explanation.

Can you calculate the speed of Can you calculate the speed of the water in point A? Can you the water in point A? Can you write an equation for the write an equation for the trajectory? trajectory?

Deck the Halls columns, The Deck the Halls columns, The Physics TeacherPhysics Teacher

First prize at the 2005 Design Award Program of Designsshare

Very appropriate device for teaching basic laws of hydrodynamics and to illustrate roots of the quadratic equation

ECHO TUBE

Deck the Halls columns, The Physics TeacherDeck the Halls columns, The Physics Teacher

Deck the Halls columns, The Physics TeacherDeck the Halls columns, The Physics Teacher

Melodic fence

Spielgeraete-Richter, Play stations for developing senses

could be incorporated into school buildings in various ways:

as elements of columns as decorations in the corners or

along the edges of the rooms on the staircase in the shape of the building on the ceilings, floors, etc.

So, students could easily learn about symmetries and how symmetry determines the shapes in nature.

The concept of a primitive cell of crystals in nature

FROM ONE OF EIGHTEEIN WORKS AT THE STUDENT COMPETITIION

NUS High School for Mathematics and Sciences in SingaporeWinner at the Design-Share Awards program, 2006

•“Ideas include extracting the dynamic form of a double helix from the structure of DNA, and interpreting it into the form of an abstracted ‘nano tube stairway’ at the entry lobby. •The main entrance ‘Periodic Façade’ was designed as an abstract version of the periodic table, with different parts of the elevation relating to different groups of elements. •The ‘Pi Wall’ is derived from the mathematical concept of Pi, and consists of a mosaic of rectangular perforated aluminum panels that are translated into the decimal digits of Pi through a number-coded color system. •The Eco-Learning Trail allows students to learn about natural habitats and natural processes. The aquatic and eco systems, flora and fauna provide students with real life examples, enriching their total learning experience.”

NUS High School for Mathematics and Science, Singapore

NUS High School for Mathematics and Science, Singapore

CONCLUSION• Fortunately science educators and architects

initiated and cordially carry out innovative school design as well as improvement of learning environment as a whole.

• In order to turn these efforts into general practice there are other parties that should necessarily fully cooperate:

school administrationinvestors and developers

Right example for this is cooperation between SchoolBuilding Organization S.A. and Government in Greece

In Serbia this process is on its way to take pace with Europe.