innovative buildings in germany – and all over the …...13th cti workshop, berlin 10/2012:...
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13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Innovative Buildings in Germany – and all over the world ...
Basics of Passive House Technology New Buildings & Renovation, Residential & Non-resid entialProjects Worldwide
Speaker: Berthold Kaufmann, Passivhaus InstitutAuthors: Rainer Pfluger, Berthold Kaufmann, Tanja Schulz, Jürgen Schnieders,
Jessica Grove-Smith, Witta Ebel, Susanne Theumer, Jan Steiger, Maria del Carmen Rivero Arias
school building Frankfurt Riedberg, 4a Architekten
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Contents: (non-) residential passive buildings in Germany and worldwide
� short hints about communication...
telling the story from the beginning:� basic passive house concept (first developed in Germany):
what we learned from realized projcts (residential homes)� >>> important question: do they work as intended?? (yes)
� present conceptional studies: how to adapt the passive building concept for use in other climatic regions
� what about active cooling and dehumidification:(non)residential passive buildings in summer (general hints)(non)residential passive buildings in hot&humid climate regions
� a 'NAMA' for Mexico: cost effective passive houses: a concept for social housing
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Passive House internationalwhere to find passive buildings: www.passivehouse-international.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
iPHA Website
where to get networked? – communication
� many local organisations are affiliate to iPHA, so all members ...� ... are iPHA-members at the same time� ... have full acces to iPHA and passipedia website
visit us! and have look for the newest developments
www.passivehouse-international.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Passipedia
www.passipedia.org
where to get more information? – passipedia, the passive house resource
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
what's that – a Passive House? five basic elements (we need that!)
� comfortable building to be heated (cooled) easily
Heat protection:U ≤≤≤≤ 0.15 W/(m²K)Uw ≤≤≤≤ 0.8 W/(m²K)
Airtightness: n50 ≤≤≤≤ 0.6 /h
Triple-glazing: Ug ≤≤≤≤ 0.8 W/(m²K)g-value 50 - 55 %
Ventilation with ≥≥≥≥ 75 % heat recoveryElectricity demand max. 0.45 Wh/m³
Outdoor air Exhaust air
Supply airExtract air
no thermal bridges!
Heating energy demand ≤≤≤≤ 15 kWh/(m²a) or Building heating load ≤≤≤≤ 10 W/m² Useful cooling demand ≤≤≤≤ 15 kWh/(m²a)Primary energy demand ≤≤≤≤ 120 kWh/(m²a) Building airtightness ≤≤≤≤ 0.6 /hExcess temperature frequency ≤≤≤≤ 10 %
1 W/m² = 0,317074019 Btu/h/ft²
1 kWh/(m²a) = 317,0740194 Btu/(ft²a)
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
how to design buildings with respect to energy –- setup detailed energy balance
� Going to small numbers you must be exact!� new PHPP version 7.1 (2012) available � ... extended ventilation spreadsheet for office buildings� ... sheets 'summer', 'cooling', etc. revised� ... access to further climate data sets possible
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
the learning curve for passive buildings … steps to understand
1 Germany – residentialdetailed calculation (simulation then PHPP) is needed to be suredetailed monitoring was essential for evaluation and validation
2 Germany – architects, engineers, building companies: each actor needs some initial information to assure quality on building site
3 Germany – old houses need renovationsimilar energy savings possible like for new built
4 Germany – non-residential /special useoffice buildings need (little) summer cooling
5 going abroad >> northern Europe, very cold & dry winter� better windows, more insulation, adopted ventilation operation>> southern Europe with hot & dry summer:� sun shading, passive cooling by night flushing
low power active cooling needed, no more peak power problem>>>hot & humid summer regions, questions to be solved:� passive cooling by night flushing not possible (too hot, too humid)� active sensible cooling & dehumidification needed� low cooling power: Air-Conditioning with small supply airflow cooling possible � what extra energy effort for active Air-Conditioning is reasonable?
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
First Passive House in Darmstadt, Germany
experimental building by Wolfgang Feist 1991architekts: Bott, Ridder, Westermayer
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Crimmitschau, Markus Wochner
more single family passive houses 2000 … 2011
architect: Markus Wochner
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Contractor: ABG Frankfurt HoldingArchitects: P. Grenz, F. Rasch, faktor10, Darmstadt
Foto: Fotostudio Michels, Darmstadt.
Successful large-scale Passive House: Apartment bui lding in Frankfurt 2005
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
further steps: Sophienhof in Frankfurt, Germany
5 buildings 160 dwellingsarchitect & contractor: ABG Frankfurt Holdingfoto: Axel Stefan Fotodesign
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
pilot project: renovation with PH-components (EnerPHit)
before...
Sanierungsprojekt Tevesstraße FF/M Bauherr: ABG Frankfurt HoldingArchitekten: faktor10, Darmstadt
Wissenschaftliche Begleitung: Passivhaus Institut, Darmstadt
Gefördert aus Mitteln des Hessischen Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung, Wiesbaden
heating energy demand: 290 kWh/m²aprimary energy demand: 250 kWh/m²a for heating, hotwater, aux. electricity
1 W/m² = 0,317074019 Btu/h/ft²
1 kWh/(m²a) = 0,317074019 kBtu/(ft²a)
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
pilot project: renovation with PH-components (EnerPHit)
...afterheating energy demand: 17 kWh/m²aprimary energy demand: 37 kWh/m²a for heating, hotwater, aux. electricity
Sanierungsprojekt Tevesstraße FF/M Bauherr: ABG Frankfurt HoldingArchitekten: faktor10, Darmstadt
Wissenschaftliche Begleitung: Passivhaus Institut, Darmstadt
Gefördert aus Mitteln des Hessischen Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung, Wiesbaden
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
economics?
� Old houses need renovation� The result is economically reasonable
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
what's left to be done?
1 Germany – residentialdetailed calculation (simulation) needed to be suredetailed monitoring was essential for evaluation and validation
2 Germany – architects, engineers, building companies:each actor needs some initial information to assure quality on building site (do not complain – ask questions!)
3 Germany – old houses need renovationsimilar energy savings possible like for new built
4 Germany – non-residential /special useoffice buildings need (little) summer cooling
So far for Germany (Central Europe) we have reached some high level –we only need to proceed in plane....that is: further training of experts
further develop components to get market penetration
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Pazen ENERsignbf: 100 mmUw,: 0,68 W/(m²K)Ψopak: 0,106 W/(mK)Efficiency class : phA
ProPh-F. SmartWinbf: 87 mmUW,: 0,79 W/(m²K)Ψopak: 0,098 W/(mK)Efficiency class : phA
Winter ewithermbf: 154/169 mmUW,: 0,77 W/(m²K)Ψopak: 0,170 W/(mK)Efficiency class: phC
FBS Over: VADBplusbf: 75/100 mmUW,: 0,74 W/(m²K)Ψopak: 0,076 W/(mK)Efficiency class : phA
windows and window frames for Passive Houses: examples
� the recommended trend: slim frames to get maximum input� low U-values to further reduce thermal losses� low costs...
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
what's left to be done?
Many regions all over the world have much more challenging climate conditions: how can we help them?
5 going abroad >> northern Europe, very cold & dry winter� better windows, more insulation, adopted ventilation operation>> southern Europe with hot & dry summer:� sun shading, passive cooling by night flushing
low power active cooling needed, no more peak power problem>>>hot & humid summer regions, questions to be solved:� passive cooling by night flushing not possible (too hot, too humid)� active sensible cooling & dehumidification needed� low cooling power: Air-Conditioning with small supply airflow
cooling is possible � what extra energy effort for active Air-Conditioning is reasonable?
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Thermal protection
activate thermalcapacity
reduce solar load
reduce internal loads
passive cooling by night flushing
we know about passive cooling: in moderate warm & dry climate:
� Central Europe: no (or very small) active cooling is needed � shading – reuced internal loads – night flushing
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
how to achieve thermal comfort in summer / hot climates?
� allow for slightly higher temperatures: 26°C and 60% r.H. is quite good (if outside temp > 35°C)
� higher temperatures are acceptable with low humidity� seperate dehumidification from cooling
The main issues for thermal comfort are:� temperatures (air/surfaces)� local temperature differences
(horizontal & vertical)� relative humidity of air� clothing&activities
� avoid draft air flows inner comfort range
extended comfort range
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Existing buildings in 'warm' climates: heating & cooling needed
� with no thermal insulation present, there is significant heating energy demand as well in 'warm' regions (e.g. mediterranean)
Further reading: “Passive Houses in South West Europe. A quantitative investigation of some passive and active space conditioning techniques for highly energy efficient dwellings in the South West European region” by Jürgen Schnieders. for more information see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Man
nhei
m
Tor
ino
Mad
rid
Sev
ille
Pal
erm
o
Insulation wall [cm] 25 20 10 8 6 Insulation roof [cm] 35 25 25 20 20 Insulation basement [cm] 20 15 6 0 0 U window frames [W/(m²K)] 0.72 0.72 0.72 1.6 1.6 U-value glazing [W/(m²K)] 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Humidity control for cooling no yes no no yes Heating demand [kWh/(m²a)] 15.6 14.8 12.7 4.6 3.1 Sensible cooling [kWh/(m²a)] 0 0.8 0.4 4.2 7.2 Latent cooling [kWh/(m²a)] 0 2.3 0 0 7.2
Example PH for some selected warm locations
� thermal insulation helps in anyway� U-values might be lower, but not in the roof!
insulated frame & double low-e glazing for thermal
comfort
construction determined by winter conditions
floor slab not insulated
significant cooling required
roof always well insulated
Less frame insulation
for more information see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
if active cooling needed in PH: no more cooling peak power problem
Existing old standard building: needs very high cooling power
Passive House:only low cooling power needed no electric peak power problem
1 W/m² = 0,317074019 Btu/h/ft²
1 kWh/(m²a) = 317,0740194 Btu/(ft²a)
Office A.S.S.A. Santa Croce, ItalyArch: Silvia Mazzetti, Building Physics: Günther Gantiolerfor more information see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
all questions answered? – all problems solved?
so far for cold climates: � you only have to 'strengthen' your envelope� more insulation, better windows, …� heating reduced to very low demand
so far for warm & dry climates: � you only have to cool (sensible cooling!) � shading, reduce int. gains, night flushig, little cooling � cooling load drastically reduced, or almost avoided
questions left? (yes)
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Passive Houses for different climatic zones
five case studies� show general planning issues� Dubai and Shanghai are very hot&humid in summer
JekaterinburgTokio
ShanghaiDubai
Las Vegas
a project funded by
for more information see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Tokyo and Shanghai: heating & dehumidification dominant
Strategy:� about 10…20 cm of insulation (roof!)� energy recovery ventilation, humidity controlled� separate cooling & dehumidification� no night flushing (outside air too humid)� double/triple low-e glazing� exterior moveable shading recommended� thermal mass is advantageous
A studiy supported by
Tokyo , typical demand: heating: 15 kWh/(m²a) cooling: 1 kWh/(m²a)dehumidification: 6 kWh/(m²a)
Similar butslightly warmer
Shanghai , typical demand: heating: 10 kWh/(m²a) cooling: 10 kWh/(m²a)
dehumidification: 10 kWh/(m²a)
Design and images by Rongen Architekten.for more information see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
suggestion for low power cooling & dehumidification
� centralized preconditioning of air (MVHR) combined with dehumification to 12 g/kg
� decentral heating or cooling to adjust comfortable air parmeters
for more information see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
internal heat gains
solar gains
heating
cooling (sensible)
dehumification
outside temperature
low power cooling & dehumidification
� preconditions: reduce internal heat gains (yellow) shading is absolutely needed (rose)
� pure passive operation in spring and autumn, no heating, no cooling
for more information see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
low power cooling & dehumidification
� preconditions: reduce internal heat gains shading is absolutely needed
� pure passive operation in spring and autumn, no heating, no cooling
preconditioning of incoming aircirculation air cooling with low air flowoperative Temperature indoor
for more information see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Economic Evaluation of Passive House concept for th e NAMA in Mexico
basic tasks for the NAMA in Mexico� Setup of three baseline building types for Mexican social housing� Generation of climate data:
temperate cold – hot&dry – hot & humid� Energy balance for all building types in all configurations:
Baseline – eco casa 1 – eco casa 2 – Passive House
some Results, estimation of costs:� Current costs (Mexican market + European prices)� Future costs – when Mexican market can deliver components
for full project report see www.passipedia.org Witta Ebel, Susanne Theumer, Jan Steiger, Maria del Carmen Rivero Arias
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
HermosilloExtremely hot dry
GuadalajaraTemperate
PueblaTemperate cold
Cancun Extremely hot humid
Imag
e: C
ompa
re In
foba
se li
mite
d
first look for Climate Data of Mexico
� Climate data are crucial for successful energy efficient building design: Monthly data in PHPP format (four locations in Mexico)
� Data sources: Meteonorm Software, NASA satellite data and the Mexican National Meteorological Service (Servicio Meterológico Nacional).
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
• Aislada (isolated housing unit) • Gross floor area of 44m² • Treated floor area of 38.4 m². • Project of the company
Consorcio Hogar.
Image source: Campos 2011
Floor plan of Aislada building type, no scale (Image source: Consorcio Hogar)
Building types: Aislada baseline
External wall build-up
10cm thick, concrete masonry units. Exterior:“Crestuco“ plaster, interior: cement plaster (cal arena). Colour painting
Roof build-up Reinforced concrete slab, 12cm thick, 2% slope, “Plasticool” layer colour white as water proofing.
Build-up of floor slab
Reinforced concrete slab, 10cm thick
Glazing Clear single glazing, 3mm thick and white aluminium 1 ½” framefor project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
• Adosada (row housing unit) • Gross floor area 45m² • Treated floor area: 40.7 m² • Based on a project of the
company Consorcio ARA.
Image source: Campos 2011
Floor plan and urban location of Adosada building type, no scale
(Image source: Consorcio ARA)
Building types: Adosada baseline
External wall build-up
Reinforced concrete, 8cm thick. Interior: cement plaster and plaster finish Exterior: cement plaster, colour paint
Roof build-up Reinforced concrete slab, 12cm thick, 2% slope, “Plasticool” layer colour white
Build-up of floor slab
Foundation slab, reinforced concrete 10 cm thick. Polished cement finish.
Glazing Clear single glazing, 3mm thick and white aluminium 1 ½” framefor project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
• Vertical (vertical housing unit)• Gross floor area per storey:
93m² (two apartments). • Treated floor area per storey:
79.4 m². • Based on a project of the
company AISA Constructora.
Image source: Campos 2011
Floor plan and of Vertical building type, no scale
(Image source: AISA Constructora)
Building types: Vertical baseline
External wall build-up
Masonry concrete blocks with colour (light concrete) 12x20x38, 12cm, mortar. Colour paint
Roof build-up Reinforced concrete slab, 12cm thick, 2% slope, “Plasticool” layer colour white
Build-up of floor slab
Reinforced concrete floor slab 10cm thick. Polished cement finish.
Glazing Clear single glazing, 3mm thick and white aluminium 1 ½” framefor project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Passive House
Depending on climate: high insulation of walls, roof, floor, highly insulated window frames and glazing, reflective paint.
Fully solar hot water prodution, highly efficient appliances.
Baseline
EcoCasa 1
Hipoteca Verde measures: 25mm insulation in wall of higher radiation, beam & block system, solar water heater, reflective paint, efficient appliances
EcoCasa 2
Depending on climate: insulation in four walls, roof, floor, improvement of windows.
Solar water heater, reflective paint, highly efficient appliances.
From 'Baseline' to Passive House
four configurations of each building type: � four levels of investment costs� for levels of energy efficiencytwo cost scenarios:� current cost scenario
(importation of components)
� future cost scenario (mexican production)
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Baseline case specifications
Type of lighting Compact fluorescent light 20W
Electrical appliances Refrigerator (2.68 kWh/d), TV (0.19 kWh/d), A/C (2.5 COP), ventilator (100 W), washing machine (0.32 kWh/d), microwave oven (0.17 kWh/d)
Heat generator for water
Tank less LP Gas water heater (e.g. CINSA CDP 06)
Cooking LP Gas stove
Number of m² per person
20 m² per person (considering 30 year life cycle)
Internal heat gains 5.3 W/m²
Airtightness 5 h-1
Temperature limit summer
25°C (28°C low comfort baseline)
Temperature limit winter10
20°C (18°C low comfort baseline)
Primary energy factors
Electricity mix: 2.7 kWhPrim/kWhFinalLP Gas: 1.1 kWhPrim/kWhFinal
CO2 factors Electricity mix: 0.59 kg/kWhFinal / LP Gas: 0.27 kg/kWhFinal
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Economic assumptions: Interest rate: 6% p.a.; inflation 4% p.a.
� high energy-price increase expected� Electricity costs are supported by government
Real interest rate 2% p.a.
Life cycle 30 years
Gas price 0.075 US$/kWh
Gas price increase 2.1% p.a.
Electricity price 0.083 US$/kWh
Electricity price increase 4.0% p.a.
Electricity price subsidy 0.14 US$/kWh
Subsidy increase 6.0% p.a.
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Results Vertical: Cancun
Strategy:� ~10 cm of insulation (floor, roof)� energy recovery ventilation,
humidity controlled� separate cooling & dehumidification� no night flushing
(outside air too humid)� triple low-e glazing� exterior moveable shading� thermal mass: advantageous� Cool Colours Cancun , typical demand:
heating: 0 kWh/(m²a) cooling: 41 kWh/(m²a)
cooling load: 8 W/m²dehumidification: 31 kWh/(m²a)
Extremely hot & humid
Low Comfort BaseLine
EcoCasa 1
EcoCasa 2
Passive House Specific Space Heating Demand
Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand:
Specific Dehumidifictaion Demand:
Specific Primary Energy Demand
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Specific energy demands - Vertical - Cancun
Specific Space Heating Demand
Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand:
Specific Dehumidifictaion Demand:
Specific Primary Energy Demand
kWh/(m²a)
Source: Passive House Institute
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Results Vertical Cancun (hot&humid): Current costs scenario
� Current European prices for Passive House components
Capital costs and energy costs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Low ComfortBaseLine
EcoCasa 1 EcoCasa 2 Passive House
US
$/(m
²a)
Subsidy electricity
Energy costs US$/(m²a)
Capital costs US$/(m²a)
Total individual life cycle costs
CANCUN
Source: Passive House Institute
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Results Vertical Cancun (hot&humid): Future costs scenario
� The Mexican market can deliver Passive House components
Future capital costs and energy costs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Low ComfortBaseLine
EcoCasa 1 EcoCasa 2 Passive House
US
$/(m
²a)
Subsidy electricity
Energy costs US$/(m²a)
Capital costs US$/(m²a)
Total individual costs
CANCUN
Source: Passive House Institute
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Results: Vertical Building: Puebla and Guadalajara
Strategy:� ~5 cm of insulation (floor, roof)� night ventilation� double glazing� thermal mass: advantageous
Puebla , typical demand: heating: 10 kWh/(m²a) cooling: 2 kWh/(m²a)dehumidification: not required
Similar butslightly warmer
Guadalajara , typical demand: heating: 2 kWh/(m²a)
cooling: 15 kWh/(m²a)dehumidification: not required
Temperate / Temperate cold “Happy climates”
Low Comfort BaseLine
EcoCasa 1
EcoCasa 2
Passive House Specific Space Heating Demand
Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand:
Specific Dehumidifictaion Demand:
Specific Primary Energy Demand
0
50
100
150
200
250
Specific energy demands - Vertical - Puebla
Specific Space Heating Demand
Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand:
Specific Dehumidifictaion Demand:
Specific Primary Energy Demand
kWh/(m²a)
Source: Passive House Institute
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Results Vertical Puebla (temperate): Current costs scenario
� Current European prices for Passive House components
Capital costs and energy costs
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Low ComfortBaseLine
EcoCasa 1 EcoCasa 2 Passive House
US
$/(m
²a)
Subsidy electricity
Energy costs US$/(m²a)
Capital costs US$/(m²a)
Total individual life cycle costs
PUEBLA
Source: Passive House Institute
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Future capital costs and energy costs
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Low ComfortBaseLine
EcoCasa 1 EcoCasa 2 Passive House
US
$/(m
²a)
Subsidy electricity
Energy costs US$/(m²a)
Capital costs US$/(m²a)
Total individual costs
PUEBLA
Results VERTICAL Puebla (temperate): Future costs scenario
� Mexican market can deliver Passive House components
Real interest rate 2.00% p.a.
Life cycle 30 years
Gas price 0.075 US$/kWh
Gas price increase 2.1% p.a.
Electricity price 0.083 US$/kWh
Electricity price increase 4.0% p.a.
Electricity price subsidy 0.14 US$/kWh
Subsidy increase 6.0% p.a.
Source: Passive House Institute
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Hermosillo , typical demand: heating: 1 kWh/(m²a)
cooling: 15 kWh/(m²a)dehumidification: not required
Extremely hot & dry
Low Comfort BaseLine
EcoCasa 1
EcoCasa 2
Passive House Specific Space Heating Demand
Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand:
Specific Dehumidifictaion Demand:
Specific Primary Energy Demand
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Specific energy demands - Vertical - Hermosillo
Specific Space Heating Demand
Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand:
Specific Dehumidifictaion Demand:
Specific Primary Energy Demand
kWh/(m²a)
Source: Passive House Institute
Results Vertical: Hermosillo
Strategy:� ~7.5 cm of floor insulation, � roof: 5 cm� energy recovery ventilation� separate cooling� night ventilation� triple low-e glazing� exterior moveable shading� thermal mass: advantageous� Cool Colours
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Results Vertical Hermosillo (hot&dry): Current costs scenario
� Current European prices for Passive House components
Capital costs and energy costs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Low ComfortBaseLine
EcoCasa 1 EcoCasa 2 Passive House
US
$MX
P/(
m²a
)
Subsidy electricity
Energy costsUS$MXP/(m²a)
Capital costsUS$MXP/(m²a)
Total individual life cyclecosts
HERMOSILLO
Source: Passive House Institute
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Results Vertical Hermosillo (hot&dry): Future costs scenario
� The Mexican market can deliver Passive House components
Future capital costs and energy costs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Low ComfortBaseLine
EcoCasa 1 EcoCasa 2 Passive House
US
$/(m
²a)
Subsidy electricity
Energy costs US$/(m²a)
Capital costs US$/(m²a)
Total individual costs
HERMOSILLO
Source: Passive House Institute
for project report see www.passipedia.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Summary / Conclusion: Passive Houses are economically reasonable
general analysis and thesis:� Energy prices and interest rates will probably not be 'high'
at the same timethis chance we have to take: � if energy prices are high, you should avoid high energy consumption(!)� low interest rates and high energy prices favour the
higher investment for better building quality (energy efficiency)� instead of burning (expensive) fossil fuels. � hence Passive House (special) or
energy efficiency (in general) is a profitable investmentthird party advantages (win win win win):� micro economy: local manufacturer (payed work for many people)� macro economy: government (more taxes, welfare, ...)� environment (less CO2 ...)� user (higher comfort, less cost
that is like an old age provision!)
Conclusions: it's economcally reasonable to change.....
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
Overview worldwide: economically optimal U-values (opaque envelope)
� not only technically but economically a good idea….� U-values for opaque parts of envelope
economic optimized U-values are mostly < 0.2 W/m²K
Jürgen Schnieders: PH-conference 2011, full report available see www.passipedia.org and www.passiv.de
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
thank you ...
� further information� www.passiv.de� www.passipedia.org� www.passivehouse-international.org
13th CTI workshop, Berlin 10/2012: Passive Houses in Germany – and worldwide
thank you ...
� further information� www.passiv.de� www.passipedia.org� www.passivehouse-international.org
� Please note the following copyright notice: The present collection of slides was assembled for the participants of the seminar denoted below. This file or any printed copy of this file is for information purposes only and intended only for the personal use of the participants of this event. The transferral of this file to a third party or the right to publish it in any form is excluded. The contents are the intellectual property of the Passive House Institute. In particular, further use of individual contents (slides) is not permitted without the express permission of the Passive House Institute.