innovations in microbiology in the australian wine
TRANSCRIPT
Innovations in Microbiology in the Australian Wine Industry
Bordeaux, 20 June 2018
Alison Soden
Research overview
Innovation framework
Australian case studies
The magnificent goon bag
What does innovation mean to the Australian Wine Industry?
160,000 hectares in 60 regions
2500 wineries
2 billion litres - 55% red
60% exported - 4th largest
Research supported by winemaker levies
Strain and species optimisation strategies
Defining the microbial diversity of region and terroir
Improved MLF to achieve specific wine styles
Continued efficacy of Brettanomyces strategies
Improved fermentation nutrition
Understanding of waste water microbiology
Strategic Plan 2015-2020$183 million
Directed Evolution for improved yeast and bacteriaJiranek and Grbin Lab
350 Generations in wine
Low alcohol yeast
Figure by Thomas Williams
Low alcohol yeast (IONYS/LOWA)
0.2 – 0.4% less alcohol from LOWA
Brettanomyces projectCurtin, Varela, Borneman, Pretorius
Figure by Chris Curtin
Curtin, Varela, Borneman, Pretorius
Type strain
AWRI 1499
4-EP in wine reducing over time
85%6%
7%
Three major strains by AFLP genotyping
Brettanomyces project
Metagenomics of regionality
log
10
ce
lls
T1 T2 T3 T4
35 wineries in 12 regionsWild fermentations
Chardonnay and Shiraz
Borneman et al.
SA Winery 1
T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4
WA Winery 2
T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4
WA Winery 1
T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4
SA Winery 2
T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4
Western Australia (WA) and South Australia (SA)
2 wineries
Duplicate wines: 1A & 1B and 2A &2B
Sampled at 4 time points: T1-T4
Relative proportions of 60 fungal genera
2016 ChardonnayBorneman et al.
Metagenomics of regionality
Pris de mousse
Commercial wine
beer
uninoculated wine 2014uninoculated wine 2016
Enoferm CSM
contamination?
2014/16
same
strain
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
S. cerevisiae strainsBorneman et al.
Metagenomics of regionality
ADY vs cultured yeastRinaldo et al.
Draw down and refill for 3 builds
ADY vs cultured yeastRinaldo et al.
All 3 builds behaved the same
Rinaldo et al.
99.55
0.14
0.09
0.06
99.91
0.04
0.03
0.01
S. cerevisiae
Metschnikowia
?
Phlebiella
S. cerevisiae
?
Metschnikowia
Pichia
Spec
ies
Percentage species composition
Culture
Rehydrated
Strain typing
ADY vs cultured yeastViability and vitality
Oenococcus oeni
Lactobacillus plantarum
MLF species and inoculation strategies
Oenococcus oeni
Lactobacillus plantarum
Timing and duration of AF and MLF
late co-inoc
early co-inoc
sequential inoc
reverse inoc
MLF species and inoculation strategies
S. cerevisiae
The magnificent goon bag
The magnificent goon bag
“…c'est les microbes qui auront le dernier mot.“(…it is the microbes who will have the last word.)
Louis Pasteur