INNOVATION’S

The innovation's are : 

Driver less bicycle The life-saving device that can seal a wound in under a minute. The "Internet on a microchip". Dark powers: thermoelectric cooling Fuel-cell vehicles. Sense and avoid  drones.

DRIVERLESS BICYCLEFor people with disabilities, for those who face trouble while steering or pedalling bicycles, for the benefit of bicycle sharing stations, for solving innumerable environment issues – this driverless bicycle developed by some students of IIT Kharagpur is the answer. This was done to help differently abled people who could ride bicycles but had to

face many problems when trying to take their bikes out from the parking space, as most such spaces are not disabled friendly. To tackle this problem they made a bicycle that would be controlled wirelessly They went on to develop i-Bike – a unique, disabled friendly bicycle that autonomously rides itself towards any given location. Moreover, one can even ride it manually as and when required, with the help of its dual locomotion technology. The bicycle uses global positioning system (GPS) for automatic manoeuvring and responds to the GPS coordinates of the destination received via SMS with the help of an Android app meant for i-Bike. In order to avoid

obstacles in its path, the bike utilises laser and sonar based sensors and uses the data to plan its motion. It has unique and affordable software architecture, which enables it to follow specialised bicycle lanes (as available in many countries with well-established bicycle sharing centres) and avoid obstacles. The bicycle is connected to a wireless telephone network, which provides wireless control and live tracking mechanisms. If, for example, an arm amputee wants to use i-Bike, all he/she has to do is send an SMS to the bike using the Android app that has an option – “call the bike to my location.”

The GPS location is saved on a server that is continuously accessed by sensors on the bike. On receiving the location information, the bike instantly starts moving towards the destination. The rider can then add a new destination using the app and reach there with the help of autonomous steering.

Reference link:http://www.thebetterindia.com/48139/child-prodigy-india-opportunities/

LIFE SAVING DEVICEOregon startup RevMedX's new device XSTAT 30 is a syringe filled with tiny, biocompatible sponges, which can be injected into a deep wound to absorb blood and seal it in less than a minute. While it's been used on the battlefield since April 2014, it was recently approved by the FDA for civilian use.

A RevMedx researcher told PBS NewsHour that the sponges expand up to 15 times their size when they make contact with blood, which allows them to apply internal pressure to the

Walls of the wound cavity and block blood flow. The sponges would replace a medic's traditional method of deeply packing a wound with gauze and maintaining pressure.The way it works is simple. Each syringe contains about 92 compressed sponges coated with absorbent and antimicrobial materials. The sponges are made from wood pulp, a plant-based material that won't dissolve into the body, and are coated with chitosan, a material that promotes blood-clotting and is resistant to bacterial infection.

FOR VIDEO REFERENCE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkh842bxW54

                               The "Internet on a microchip"

• The WiderNet Project, based at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, developed the eGranary Pocket Library — a microchip that taps into the power of smartphones, laptops and tablets to deliver offline information and educational resources to billions of people without access to the Internet.

• WiderNet has connected with with ministries of education, ministries of health and schools of information science in various countries, and aims to fill each "library on a chip" with a few thousand documents that a given institution, such as a medical school in Zambia, identifies as its core material.

• The project reached its crowdfunding goal in May, and is collaborating with librarians, educators and volunteers around the world to pinpoint the information needed most.

• The idea isn't to fit 4 terabytes of data on a single chip, but rather to miniaturize the eGranary's core technology — a few thousand documents that a given institution, such as a medical school in Zambia, identifies as its core material. These 8GB, 16GB, 32GB and 64GB chips can then be inserted into devices delivered to the developing world.

Dark powers: thermoelectric cooling

One problem that plagues all photo sensitive devices is the current that flows through them even when no photons are entering the device. Known as “dark current”, it is caused by electrons and holes being randomly generated in the device that are then swept by the high electric field. Dark current is a bigger problem with EMCCD technology than it is for standard CCDs because the former technique involves amplifying any electrons – both the photon-generated electrons and the dark electrons alike. Cooling the device can, however, reduce the current, and the best way to do this is to use “thermoelectric coolers” – small, electrically powered

devices with no moving parts that are therefore convenient and reliable. These coolers are essentially heat pumps, transferring heat from their “cold” side (the CCD) to the “hot” side (the built-in heat sink). Andor has developed a system of vacuum cooling that creates an unrivalled 110 °C temperature difference between the two sides – so large that the CCD operates at –80 °C and the dark current is virtually eliminated. The camera’s performance at these temperatures is far better than at –30 °C, even if the camera is used for very short exposure times where background events are predominantly from dark current. Deep thermoelectric cooling also reduces blemishes on the image from “hot pixels” – those that have much higher dark currents than their neighbours as a result of contamination embedded in the sensor. Fortunately, the effect of hot pixels can usually be removed by taking a background image.

Fuel-cell vehicles.Fuel-cell vehicles have long promised several major advantages over those powered by electricity or hydrocarbons.Unlike batteries, which must be charged from an external source and can take from five to 12 hours depending on the car and charger, fuel cells generate electricity directly, using hydrogen or natural gas. In practice, fuel cells and batteries are combined, with the fuel cell generating electricity and the batteries storing it until demanded by the motors that drive the vehicle. Fuel-cell vehicles are therefore hybrids and will likely also

deploy regenerative braking, which recovers energy from waste heat, a key capability for maximizing efficiency and range.Unlike battery-powered electric vehicles, fuel-cell powered ones have a long cruising range—up to 650 kilometers per tank.There are a number of ways to produce hydrogen without generating carbon emissions. Most obviously, renewable sources of electricity from wind and solar sources can be used to electrolyze water—although the overall energy efficiency of this process is likely to be quite low.Mass-market fuel-cell vehicles are an attractive prospect because they will offer the range and fueling convenience of today’s diesel and gas-powered vehicles while providing the benefits of sustainability in personal transportation. Achieving these benefits will, however, require the reliable and economical production of hydrogen from entirely low-carbon sources as well as its distribution to a growing fleet of vehicles, expected to number in the many millions within a decade.

Sense and avoid dronesFlying robots (aka unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones) to check power lines or deliver emergency aid have become an important and controversial part of military capacity in recent years. They are also used in agriculture, for filming and numerous other applications that require cheap and extensive aerial surveillance. But so far all these drones have had human pilots; the difference is that their pilots are on the ground and fly the aircraft remotely.The next step with drone technology is to develop machines that fly themselves, opening them up to a wider range of

applications. For this to happen, drones must be able to sense and respond to their local environments, altering their height and flying trajectories in order to avoid colliding with other objects in their paths. In nature birds, fish and insects can all congregate in swarms, each animal responding to its neighbor almost instantaneously to allow the swarm to fly or swim as a single unit. Drones can emulate this.Flying vehicles will never be risk-free, whether operated by humans or as intelligent machines. For widespread adoption, sense-and-avoid drones must be able to operate reliably in the most difficult conditions: at night, in blizzards or dust storms. Unlike our current digital mobile devices (which are actually immobile because we have to carry them around), drones will be transformational as they are self-mobile and have the capacity of flying in the three-dimensional world that is beyond our direct human reach. Once ubiquitous, they will vastly expand our presence, productivity and human experience.

THANK YOU

For any query or want slides on any particular topic: Email id – slidesforyou@yahoo.com

By : SKS