innovation-ashwani & dheeraj
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Sri Sharada Institute Of Indian Management - Research
Approved by AICTE
Plot No. 7, Phase-II, Institutional Area,
Behind the Grand Hotel, Vasant Kunj,
New Delhi110070 Website: www.srisiim.org
Project Report
On
Management of Technology
Submitted To: - Submitted By:-
Prof: N. Venkatesan Dheeraj Kumar Das
Ashwani Sharma
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The innovations open innovation and closed innovations generally tells us about
that ideas should be taken from internal as well as external which means from the
employees working inside the organization and from the external factors which
could be any of it depending upon the type of work for the project. It also tells us
about the procedures and the ways the government involves to promote technology
in the society and how it puts its efforts to help the society as a whole.
Open innovation
O i ti i di th t th t fi d h ld t l
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firms look to advance their technology.Alternatively, it is "innovating with partners
by sharing risk and sharing reward." The boundaries between a firm and its
environment have become more permeable; innovations can easily transfer inward
and outward.
The central idea behind open innovation is that, in a world of widely distributed
knowledge, companies cannot afford to rely entirely on their own research, but
should instead buy or license processes or inventions (i.e. patents) from other
companies. In addition, internal inventions not being used in a firm's business
should be taken outside the company. The open innovation paradigm can be
interpreted to go beyond just using external sources of innovation such as
customers, rival companies, and academic institutions, and can be as much achange in the use, management, and employment ofintellectual property as it is in
the technical and research driven generation of intellectual property. In this sense, it
is understood as the systematic encouragement and exploration of a wide range of
internal and external sources for innovative opportunities, the integration of this
exploration with firm capabilities and resources, and the exploitation of these
opportunities through multiple channels, open innovation is something when the
company uses ideas from its own employee as well as the ideas from the outsiders
which benefits the company .open innovation broadly means to use the knowledge
an ideas from different sources no matter it is from within the company or from the
outside of the company.
Advantages of open innovation
It reduces the cost of conducting research and development in the
organization. It is potential for improvement in development and improves the productivity.
Incorporation of customers early in the development process
Increase in accuracy for market research and customer targeting
Potential for synergism between internal and external innovations
Potential for viral marketing
Disadvantages of open innovation
It has the Possibility of revealing information not intended for sharing.
It has the potential for the hosting organization to lose their competitive
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_propertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_advantagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_advantagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property -
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Increased complexity of controlling innovation and regulatinghow contributors
affect a project.
Devising a means to properly identify and incorporate external innovation.
Realigning innovation strategies to extend beyond the firm in order to maximize
the return from external innovation.
Models of open innovation
Product platform
Idea competitions
Customer immersion
Innovation networks
Closed innovationsThe closed innovation paradigm, the process leading to innovation is completely
controlled; all the intellectual property is developed internally and kept within the
company frontiers until the new product is released on the market.
Comparison between Open and Closed Innovation
Closed Innovation Principles Open Innovation Principles
The smart people in the field work
for us.
Not all the smart people in the field work for us.
We need to work with smart people inside and
outside the company.
To profit from R&D, we must
discover it, develop it, and ship it
ourselves.
External R&D can create significant value: internal
R&D is needed to claim some portion of that
value.
If we discover it ourselves, we will
get it to the market first.
We don't have to originate the research to profit
from it.
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ideas in the industry, we will win. ideas, we will win.
We should control our IP, so that
our competitors don't profit from our
ideas.
We should profit from others' use of our IP, and we
should buy others' IP whenever it advances our
business model.
Technology and Innovation by the GovernmentScience has played a key role in enhancing the growth and development of society
and generating access to new and improved goods and services. Science
underpins most breakthrough initiatives, but beyond the domain of science,
innovations play a critical role in enhancing delivery of services and enabling
access to improved goods. In view of this, India needs to stimulate and strengthen
its entire eco-systemthe formal scientific and industrial system, as well as the
innovation eco-systemto develop solutions for the countrys agenda of faster,
sustainable and more inclusive growth.
Innovation can fulfill needs, which are not met by conventional means and this is
critical in view of the numerous challenges the country is facing in delivering
services to the people, especially at the bottom of the pyramid. In this context India
needs more frugal, distributed, affordable innovation that produces more frugal
cost products and services that are affordable by people at low levels of incomes
without compromising the safety, efficiency, and utility of the products. The country
also needs innovation processes that are frugal in terms of resources required and
these products and services must also have a frugal impact on the earths
resources and must be designed to be environmentally sustainable. Innovations
India hence need to cast a wider net to benefit more and more people who are
currently marginalized by the system.
A holistic view of the science, technology, and innovation eco-system can ensure
best points for intervention in the system. Stimulating this eco-system requires
enablers in the form of policies, strategies, novel ideas, and catalysts to effectively
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to be addressed for strengthening the eco-system and the proposed approaches for
the way forward:
Enrichment of Knowledge base
Basic research in India has generally followed global models during the last three
decades. Indian systems for supporting basic research has so far not adopted
adequate measures for promoting joint research with active schools in the global
scene in frontier areas of science. The challenge however is how to spot, attract,
nurture, and encourage sparks and talent in scientific research and identify areas of
national interest and gaps for promotion of basic research and improving the quality
of science education.
Incentivizing R&D in Public and Private Sector
A strong R&D sector is important not only for competitive growth but more
importantly for addressing key strategic issues. While public funded institutions aregenerating technology leads, their levels of utilization by commercial enterprises
have been limited. The present models of research funding in the country do not
facilitate the funding of projects in the private sector, whereas several global models
do so. Current fiscal incentives for attraction of investments into R&D by way of tax
benefits have led only to marginal results and the linkages between academia-
research and industry remain under developed and weak. The challenge is how to
create a vibrant landscape of Public-Private Partnership and an enabling framework
for attracting investment from the industrial sector into R&D system and incentivize
the same for linking development with deployment in the innovation and technology
sector.
Improving Governance in S&T Institutions
Optimum utilization of appropriate institutional framework created to enhance
Indias R&D capability need to undergo critical review to ensure that the much
needed resources both financial and human are deployed in an optimal fashion It
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appropriate institutional framework and organizational mechanisms cutting across
departments to derive maximum benefits of the investments. The challenge
therefore is to bring in radical but participative transformation, which is multifaceted
and multidirectional for structural changes in rebuilding and transforming existing
institutions.
University, industry, and Scientific Establishment Collaboration
India has the third largest education system in the world. A conducive research
sector requires cutting edge research universities, industrial R&D Centres and a
network of Government Laboratories with well-maintained infrastructure and liberal
funding, working together towards defined objectives. Further, effectivemechanisms of collaboration need to be created for universities and industry bodies
so that research output and innovations can effectively be commercialized and
transformed into marketable products and services for last mile benefits. A cluster-
based approach to spur innovations at universities could be adopted wherein a
minimum critical mass of universities is identified and efforts are made to create or
strengthen the innovation eco-system around them. The innovation universities
could also provide a platform for experimenting with new models of universities
where the above mentioned integration could be realized.
Promoting Collaborations through Clusters
Collaborations can play a crucial role in stimulating innovations and fostering
knowledge transfers which would foster interconnections that link intellectual,
financial, human, and creative capital as well as unleash underutilized capital. Such
enterprises could take the shape of physical or virtual clusters, which bring together
research, business, risk capital, and creativity to turn ideas into products,
processes, and services. In the Open Innovation Model, by using an open source
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and collaborative approach, organizations could expect to develop affordable
products for the world which otherwise would not be a cost effective option for many
organizations. Many clusters and collaborative initiatives to foster innovation have
begun to operate in the country. These include SIENthe Science and
Entrepreneurship initiative hosted in IIT Powai; an automotive cluster in Pune; an
initiative at the CMTI with involvement of ISRO to develop technologies for flexible
manufacturing, and many others.
Government needs to take appropriate steps to promote the growth of such
collaborative initiatives, both in the physical and virtual domains. The National
Innovation Council (NInC) is in the process of facilitating the setting up of industry
and university based clusters to spur innovations.
Supportive Financial SystemInnovation requires a financial system which is supportive and inclusive and which
provides the necessary risk capital to spur innovations and enterprises. Venture
Funds are recognized globally as the most suitable form of providing risk capital for
the growth of innovative technology and breakthrough ideas. While India is amongst
the top recipients in Asia for Venture Funds and Private Equity Funds so far, these
investments need to be focused on small early stage start-ups and not only into
relatively large and safer investments. To have a greater impact existing funding
options, especially made available by the Government need to be increased. Indias
dependency on foreign VC/PE funds and almost no domestic venture capital needs
to be addressed. Despite the growth in the VC industry in India and the
complementary increase in government schemes, the seed funding stage continuesto be severely hampered. Also, it is especially crucial to provide funding for
stimulating innovations that will produce socially useful outcomes for poorer people
and enterprises which are focused on delivering this. In light of this, the Indian
innovation eco-system requires early stage funds acting as angel investors. A
dedicated fund, seeded by the Government, and targeted at promoting.
Platform for Best Practices and Innovationsbenefits to citizens and meeting the challenges of inclusion in areas such as health,
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education energy, low-cost housing, sanitation, and more through innovative
solutions. Often these go beyond the formal confines of R&D labs to include
innovations in public service delivery or organisational innovations in local
communities aimed at inclusion. However, there is no aggregated platform or single
repository to collate and disseminate these best practices and ideas. Also, while
some such innovations manage to garner attention on a national scale, most of
these workable solutions remain confined to their local contexts and dont achieve
economies of scale because of the lack of a single platform for sharing these best
practices among multiple stakeholders. Strengthening the innovation eco-system
requires a platform for information sharing and dissemination to ensure: (1)
improved access to knowledge and (2) Support in the form of resources, linkages,
mentoring and outreach. Greater knowledge of innovations can stimulate their
adoptions and adaptations on a large scale. This decentralized, open, and
networked model would enable information sharing on innovations and
collaboration among stakeholders on an unprecedented scale.
Improving the Flow of Technology
India is in a unique position to mount a strong initiative for affordable innovations for
technologies for social and public good by taking advantages of a) low expertise
costs, b) vast talent base and c) the residual idealism in the society. However,
engagement of multiple stakeholders and creating Public-Private-Partnership for
promoting people-centric research is a challenge to address national goals with
specific targets in a time bound manner. While technologies for public, strategic,
and social goods would require collaborative excellence, competitive excellence
models for private good would come from industrial sector, as is the case in most
developed countries. Food security of India is closely related to development of
technologies for increasing the agriculture outputs through process innovations for
land saving and water use. The question is how to develop and deploy new agro
biotechnology tools and precision agriculture for increasing the output of agriculture
sector in the country by synergizing the strengths of institutions both under public
and private sector and adopting a new approach for agriculture research and
extension. To achieve optimal health for its people, India has unique challenges due
to its large population, demographic
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transition and vulnerability to all epidemics. Biomedical devices and instrumentation
forms an area of serious gap in the country. Breakthrough innovations, with
appropriate stress on translational research for affordable health care, are the need
of the hour and would call for new models and mechanisms for evaluating
technologies for improving healthcare at individual and public health level, fostering
academia-industry linkage; and linking technology developers with industry for
translation of lead products and processes. Water challenge is a major national
issue in the country both in terms of quality and availability. Sustainability of
research led solutions depends on interface of technology with policy and societal
behavior. Water related technologies form an ideal theme for building state-centre
partnerships. The challenge therefore is to convert research outputs from the
laboratories into revenue models based solutions in a coordinated manner among
the relevant departments in both states and centre for innovative deployment under
real field conditions. India is critically dependent upon import of energy supply
sources. Energy security demands integrated approaches and planning. Decoupling
energy demand from GDP growth is also essential for complying with
responsibilities towards National Action Plan on Climate Change. Therefore, the
challenge is to increase the share of clean energy options in the total energy basket
of India. MSME sector in India, which is a strong pillar of economic growth is
characterized by low technology levels with some exceptions. This acts as a major
handicap in the growth of MSME sector in the emerging global market and is
therefore, seen as the next frontier for infusion of technology, by increasing
penetration in the MSMEs. It is thus a challenge as to how the MSMEs embrace the
new technologies to leap frog and contribute significantly in the inclusive growth
process.
Intellectual Property Rights: Intellectual property rights (IPR) have become
extremely important in the new knowledge economy due to global competition, high
innovation risks, short product cycle, need for rapid changes in technology, high
investments in research and development (R&D), production and marketing and
need for highly skilled human resources. Relative ranking of India as source of IPR
has improved considerably over the years.
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While the focus should be on global leadership in S&T both at organizational and
individual levels, we also need to follow Open Source Innovation Policy and
promote IP acquisition by the government for non-exclusive licensing for public and
social good sectors of research and development to achieve the objective of faster,
sustainable and more inclusive growth and ensure that benefits must reach the
poorer people thus utilizing Indias advantageous place to leverage not only its
economic strength but also its Scientific and Technological capability by employing
desired policy intervention and providing necessary resources. The country thus
has to emerge as a technology driven super economic power in globalized
knowledge economy.
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