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Initial Environmental Examination March 2011

India: Railway Sector Investment Program Raipur-Titlagarh Doubling Subproject Prepared by Ministry of Railway for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 March 2011)

Currency unit – Indian rupee (Rs) Rs1.00 = $0.22222

$1.00 = Rs 45.00

ABBREVIATIONS

ACF Assistant Conservator of Forest ADB Asian Development Bank EIA environmental impact assessment EMoP environment monitoring plan EMP environment management plan ESDU Environment and Social Development Unit GIS geographic information system GOI Government of India GHG greenhouse gases HFL highest flood level IBS Intermittent Block Station ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research IEE initial environmental examination IS Indian Standard IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature Jn. junction (The term used by Indian Railways for the Stations where

two or more lines meet) LHS Left Hand Side MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MOR Ministry of Railways NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NE northeast NGO non-governmental organization NH national highway NSDP National Strategic Development Program NOx oxides of nitrogen PF protected forest PHC public health centre PIU project implementation unit PPEs personal protective equipments PMC Project Management Consultant PWD Public Works Department RDSO Research Design and Standards Organization R&R resettlement and rehabilitation RF reserved forest RHS right hand side RoB road over bridge RoW right of way RSPM respirable suspended particulate matter RuB road under bridge

RVNL Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd. SDP state domestic product SEIA summary environmental impact assessment SIEE summary initial environmental examination SO2 oxides of sulphur SOI Survey of India SWR South-western Railways SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPM suspended particulate matter SPV special purpose vehicle SSE P.Way Senior Section Engineer (Pathway) SW south west UNDP United Nation Development Program

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

cum – cubic meter ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter mm – millimeter

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENT Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 0-1 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1-9

1.1. Project Background....................................................................................... 1-9 1.2. Stage of Project Preparation ......................................................................... 1-9 1.3. Purpose of the Report ................................................................................. 1-10 1.4. Extent of IEE ............................................................................................... 1-10 1.5. IEE Content ................................................................................................ 1-10 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements ............................................... 1-11 1.7. Methodology ............................................................................................... 1-11

1.7.1. Data Collection........................................................................................ 1-11 1.7.2. Onsite Monitoring and Strip Map Preparation .......................................... 1-12 1.7.3. Public Consultation ................................................................................. 1-13 1.7.4. Statutory Clearances Required ............................................................... 1-13

2. Description of the Project ................................................................................... 2-1 2.1. Category of the Project ................................................................................. 2-1 2.2. Need for the Project ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.3. Location and Characteristic of the Project Section ........................................ 2-2 2.4. Project Implementation Schedule .................................................................. 2-4 2.5. Key Project Components and Activities......................................................... 2-4

3. Description of the Environment ......................................................................... 3-1 3.1. Physical Environment ................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1. Meteorology and Climate .......................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2. Natural Hazards ........................................................................................ 3-2 3.1.3. Air Quality ................................................................................................. 3-3 3.1.4. Noise and Vibration ................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.5. Topography and Physiography ................................................................. 3-4 3.1.6. Soil ............................................................................................................ 3-5 3.1.7. Water Resources ...................................................................................... 3-6

3.2. Ecological Resources ................................................................................... 3-9 3.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology .................................................................................... 3-9 3.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...................................................................................... 3-13

3.3. Economic Development .............................................................................. 3-15 3.3.1. Industries ................................................................................................ 3-16 3.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities ............................................................................ 3-16 3.3.3. Land use ................................................................................................. 3-16 3.3.4. Power Sources and Transmission ........................................................... 3-17 3.3.5. Agriculture ............................................................................................... 3-17 3.3.6. Minerals .................................................................................................. 3-18 3.3.7. Tourism ................................................................................................... 3-18

3.4. Social and Cultural Resources .................................................................... 3-19 3.4.1. Population and Communities .................................................................. 3-19 3.4.2. Health Facilities ....................................................................................... 3-20 3.4.3. Education Facilities and Literacy ............................................................. 3-20 3.4.4. Socio-Economic Conditions .................................................................... 3-20 3.4.5. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous

Peoples ................................................................................................... 3-21

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3.4.6. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance ......................................................................... 3-21

4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and its Mitigation Measures ................... 4-1 4.1. Impact on Physical Environment ................................................................... 4-1

4.1.1. Climate ..................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2. Air Quality ................................................................................................. 4-2 4.1.3. Noise and Vibration ................................................................................... 4-4 4.1.4. Impact on Land and Soil ........................................................................... 4-6 4.1.5. Water Resources .................................................................................... 4-10

4.2. Impact on Biological Environment ............................................................... 4-13 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology .................................................................................. 4-13 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...................................................................................... 4-15

4.3. Socio-Economic Impact .............................................................................. 4-17 4.4. Accident Risk and Safety ............................................................................ 4-17 4.5. Impacts due to Construction Camp ............................................................. 4-18 4.6. Impacts and its mitigation due to Proposed Residential Buildings ............... 4-19 4.7. Impact on Existing Common Property Resources/Utilities ........................... 4-20 4.8. Right-of –Way Maintenance ........................................................................ 4-20 4.9. Forest Fires ................................................................................................ 4-21 4.10. Fuel management ....................................................................................... 4-21 4.11. Waste Management (Solid waste, Waste Water and Hazardous Materials) 4-21 4.12. Occupational Health and safety .................................................................. 4-22

4.12.1. Rail Operation ......................................................................................... 4-22 4.12.2. Maintenance of Rolling Stock .................................................................. 4-23 4.12.3. Community Health and safety ................................................................. 4-24

5. Environmental Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism .......... 5-1 5.1. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ...................................................... 5-1

5.1.1. Grievance Redress MechanismMitigation of Potentially adverse impacts . 5-1 5.1.2. Integration of EMP with Project planning, design, construction and operation

................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.3. Authorities and Their Responsibilities for Implementation of the EMP ....... 5-2 5.1.4. Social development program ..................................................................... 5-2 5.1.5. Contingency Response Plan ..................................................................... 5-2 5.1.6. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) .............................................. 5-2 5.1.7. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment ............................................... 5-3

5.2. Institutional Arrangement .............................................................................. 5-4 5.2.2. Institutional Capacity Building (Training and Awareness) .......................... 5-5

5.3. Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................... 5-5 6. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure .............................................. 6-1

6.1. Consultation Method Applied ........................................................................ 6-1 6.2. Public Consultation Milestones ..................................................................... 6-1 6.3. Information disclosed .................................................................................... 6-4 6.4. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements .................................... 6-5 6.5. Major Comments Received ........................................................................... 6-5

6.5.1. Proponents’ Comments: ............................................................................ 6-5 6.5.2. Beneficiaries’ Comments .......................................................................... 6-5 6.5.3. Government Regulators’ Comments ......................................................... 6-6 6.5.4. Other Stakeholders’ Comments ................................................................ 6-7

6.6. Integration of Comments into the IEE ........................................................... 6-7 6.7. Post IEE Public Participation and Information Disclosure .............................. 6-7

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7. Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions ................................................ 7-1 7.1. Findings and Recommendations ................................................................... 7-1 7.2. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 7-3

List of Tables Table 1.1 : Details of Project Sections ............................................................................1-9Table 1.2 : Information Collected and Sources ............................................................. 1-12Table 2.1 : Name and Locations of the Existing Stations ................................................2-3Table 2.2 :Proposed alignment with Switchover Locations .............................................2-3Table 2.3 :Summary of Station wise Proposed Activities ................................................2-6Table 2.4 :Summary of New Proposed Crossing Stations ..............................................2-8Table 2.5 : Details of Residential Accommodation ..........................................................2-8Table 2.6 : Borrow Areas and its lead from Railway Track ..............................................2-9Table 3.1 : Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area .........................................................3-3Table 3.2 : Noise Level in dB (A) in the Project Area ......................................................3-4Table 3.3 : Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil ......................................................3-6Table 3.4 : Groundwater Quality in the Project Area .......................................................3-7Table 3.5 : List of Water Bodies along the Project Corridor ............................................3-8Table 3.6 Surface Water Quality in the Project Area .......................................................3-9Table 3.7 : Reserved Forests along the Project Area ................................................... 3-10Table 3.8 : List of Endangered Mammals in the Forests Areas ..................................... 3-12Table 3.9 : Approximate No. of Trees within 15 meter from the Existing Alignment ...... 3-13Table 3.10: Fish Species found in Water bodies close to the Project Area ................... 3-14Table 3.11 :Major Industries along the Project Corridor ................................................ 3-16Table 3.12: Transport infrastructure in the Project Districts .......................................... 3-16Table 3.13 :No. and %age of Electrified Villages .......................................................... 3-17Table 3.14 : Total Production of Different Crops ........................................................... 3-18Table 3.15 : List of Operational Mines in the Project Districts ....................................... 3-18Table 3.16 : List of Important Tourist Spots in the Project Districts ............................... 3-19Table 3.17 : Demographic Profile of the Project Districts ............................................. 3-19Table 3.18 : Health Facilities in the Project Districts ..................................................... 3-20Table 3.19 : Educational Facilities in the Project Districts ............................................. 3-20Table 3.20 : Different Category of Workers in the State and Project Districts. .............. 3-21Table 4.1 : Location of Cutting sections in the Project Area ............................................4-7Table 5.1 : Training and Awareness Programmes ..........................................................5-7 List of Figures Figure 3.1 : Annual Rainfall Pattern in the State and Project Districts (2000-2004) ........3-2Figure 3.2 : Temperature Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area (2007) ..............3-2Figure 3.3 : Graphical Representation of Land Use ...................................................... 3-17Figure 5.1 Proposed Organisation Structure ..................................................................5-5 List of Appendix Appendix 2.1 : Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist ............................................ IVAppendix 3.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards .................................................... VIIAppendix 3.2 Noise Level Limits of GOI (In Leq Db(A)) ................................................. VIIIAppendix 3.3 Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS:

10500, 1991) ............................................................................................................ IXAppendix 3.4 Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB,

1979) ....................................................................................................................... XII

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Appendix 3.5 List of Mammals ...................................................................................... XIIIAppendix 3.6 :List of Reptiles ........................................................................................ XIVAppendix 3.7 :List of Amphibians .................................................................................. XIVAppendix 3.8 List of Birds (in forests of Orissa) ............................................................. XVIAppendix 3.9 List of flora ............................................................................................. XVIIIAppendix 4.1: Green House Gases Emission Calculations……………………… ………..XX Appendix 4.2: Guildelines for Borrow Areas Management............................................ XXV Appendix 5.1: Environmental Management Plan ....................................................... XXVIIIAppendix 5.2: Environmental monitoring plan............................................................... XLV List of Maps Map 1: Location Map of Sub-project (Raipur –titlagarh) ................................................ v Map 2: Existing and Proposed Alignment with Switchover Locations and Proposed New Crossing Stations .......................................................................................................... vi List of Plates Plate 2.1: Take-off point of the project section near Raipur Block Hut Plate 2.2: Terminating point of the project section (Titlagarh Junction) Plate 3.1: Railway Track passing through Khalari Reserved forest Plate 3.1: Railway Track passing through Bendre-II Reserved forest Plate 3.3: Railway section passing through Raintal Reserved forest Plate 3.4: Railway track passing through Bender II Reserved forest

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Map 1: Location Map of Subproject (Raipur –Titlagarh)

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Map 2: Existing and Proposed Alignment with Switchover Locations and Proposed New Crossing Stations

Raipur Block Hut (Ch. Km 0.00)

Titlagarh Jn. (Ch. Km 202.800)

Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Raipur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

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0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction

1. Ministry of Railways (MoR), Govt. of India (GoI) has sought financial assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a major rail up-gradation project involving doubling of 4 single rail sections and electrification of one existing railway line totalling 1500 kms along saturated corridors in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Chhatisgarh and Orissa. Asian Development Bank (ADB) initiated TA No. 4898 (IND) to assist MoR for preparing Railway Sector Investment Program for possible financing of above rail up-gradation project.

2. This executive summary pertains to the doubling of existing railway track between Raipur – Titlagarh (about 202.8 Km in length) under South-East Central Railways and East Coast Railways.

3. The project aims to alleviate the capacity constraints of already saturated existing single lines, which have considerable significance in bulk freight transport of various commodities. The project on its implementation would increase the physical infrastructure and increase the capacity and the operational efficiency of the existing tracks with introduction of modern signalling systems.

4. As part of above TA, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been carried out in accordance with country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003, and Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. The IEE is conducted since project is categorised as Category ‘B’.

5. The IEE is conducted at pre feasibility stage and as per the details provided by the executing agency Rail Vikash Nigam Limited (RVNL), an arm of Ministry of Railways. Certain changes may occur in structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts.

6. The corridor of impact is considered as 100 m on either side from the edge of the existing rail embankment in the block-sections including around other development and activity areas like near station, construction camps. Strip mapping indicating environmental features along the corridor up to 500 m on either side is carried out to assess the impact on existing environmental features/resources/utilities in the immediate vicinity. In addition, land use map of 2 km buffer was prepared to illustrate the surrounding land use pattern particularly forest areas which may undergo changes.

7. This rail link is a vital link between up country and south as well as south-eastern regions. It serves several coal, iron ore, manganese ore, cement, alumina, finished steel, fertilizer petroleum industries and Food Corporation of India (FCI) Godowns. The capacity utilization of current traffic movement on the section is 126%. Constant annual increase in the production of above industrial units and food grains will definitely entail increase in freight trains pushing the of utilisation percentage to be manifold in coming years. In view of the above, the present single rail line section calls for doubling.


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Statutory Clearances Required 8. As per Environment Impact Assessment Notification S.O.1533 (E), dated

15th September, 2006 promulgated under umbrella legislation Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the environmental clearance is not required either for new or improvement of any railways project. However, project will require tree cutting permission. In addition to above, permission for ground water extraction for construction and domestic purposes will be required. Prior consent will also be required from state pollution control board, for setting up hot mix plant , crusher Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1974 and Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1981, during construction stage.

Project Description 9. The project section is located in the state of Chattisgarh and Orissa

traversing through Raipur (Chhattisgarh), Mahasamund, Nawapara and Bolangir (Orissa) districts. The geographical area of the proposed doubling alignment lies between the Latitude 21°08’ N to 20°17’ N and longitude 81°83’ E to 83°07’ E.

10. The section takes-off at Raipur Block Hut at Ch. km 0.00 (reckoned from Raipur Block Hut) and terminates at Ch. km. 202.80 (Centre line of Titlagarh station building). Out of the total length, major part of the corridor falls in the Mahasamund and Bolangir districts. There are 20 stations including take-off and terminating stations in this section. Important among them are Raipur, Mandir Hasaud, Khariar Road, Kantabanji and Titlagarh. The doubling length of track in Raipur, Mahasamund, Nawapara and Bolangir districts are 34.9 Km, 65.4 Km, 42.4 Km and 60.1 Km respectively.

11. The key project activities will involve laying of rail bed formation for double track, construction of new bridges and modifications of existing Bridges. Other important activities are (i) gradient and curve improvement, (ii) construction of side drains, (iii) shifting of existing roads at certain locations and construction of approach roads near bridge locations, (iv) dismantling, renovation (levelling, extension, up-gradation) or new construction of platforms, (v) dismantling/ construction of foot over bridges, (vi) dismantling/building of the loops, (vii) construction of quarters for staffs with all basic amenities. Temporary workshops, offices and construction camps may also be set up at different places. All project activities and improvement works has been summarised below in Table 1.


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Table 1: Project Activities and Improvement Works Particulars Proposed activities and Improvement vis-a vis existing

line Gauge Gauge Width: 1.676 m.

Distance between tracks: Normal 5.3m which extends upto 15m near major bridges and easing out the curves due to detoured alignment.

Alignment Mostly along the existing alignment with switchover at six locations

Gradient Ruling gradient normally will be 1 in 150 which will be 1 in 400 or even more flatter in yard sections to avoid the heavy remodelling of the yard.

Curve Presently the degree of curvature varies from 20 to 30. Curve Improvement is proposed to the maximum extent.

Rail bed/embankment formation

Formation width in plain areas: 5.67 m Formation width in hill cutting areas: 5.84 m Formation width for detoured alignment: 6.85 m with 15 cm widening on outside of curves. Side slopes in Plain: 2:1 upto 6m height, for 6m to 12m height and above, the slopes will be at the rate 2.5:1 with 2m wide beams at every change of strata. Side slopes in hill cutting area: 1:1 Blanketing: with moorum of 100 cm thickness & turfing on the slopes. Compaction: Mechanical compaction at optimum moisture content. Stone pitching and other protective measures are proposed near bridge approaches and vulnerable stretches. Earthwork: a) banking: 5177630 cum , blanketing : 1691867 cum Ballast: Hard crushed stone ballast of 50mm size with 350 mm ballast cushion for mainline and 250mm for loops and sidings.

Bridges No new river training structures is proposed except widening & strengthening the existing one. New bridges along existing 13 major bridges and 316 minor bridges have to be constructed during the doubling. Water way per Km of the bridges works out to 11.15m/Km out of which 6.64 m/Km is for major bridges and 4.51 m/Km is for minor bridges.

RUBs/ ROBs, Level Crossings and Approach Roads

No new RoB or RuB is proposed Provision of approach roads, surfacing of level crossings between gates, road users warning boards, whistle boards and fencing on the approach on either end are proposed. Unmanned level crossings will be converted to manned as per requirement.

Side drains Side drains designed in the cutting with trapezoidal cross section of 1.2 m top width and 0.6m bottom width and another 0.3m extra widening beyond the drain towards the slope of cutting on both sides. Catch water drain have been provided for cutting more than 4.0m deep and are likely to be flooded during rains.

Stations Two new Block stations are proposed (i) Tongrapam between Lakhana- Harishankar Road (Km 15.7) and Domanmunda


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Particulars Proposed activities and Improvement vis-a vis existing line between Kantabanji – Muri Bahal (Km 15.3) are proposed.

Residential Quarters and Service buildings

Staff quarters are proposed at Raipur, Mahasamood, Katabanji and Titlagarh. Service buildings will be constructed at required locations.

Dismantling Involved at some stations for different reasons. All the dismantled material can be sold off or reused for filling or other construction activities except asbestos roof sheets which will be disposed off in scientifically acceptable manner.

Land Requirement

No additional land required for the project.

Description of Environment 12. The Project passes through 4 districts Raipur (Chhattisgarh), Mahasamund,

Nawapara and Bolangir (Orissa) districts The project districts have tropical climate characterized by high temperature, high humidity, and medium to high rainfall and short and mid winters. The average annual rainfall at Raipur, Mahasamund, Nawapara and Bolangir, is 952.4 mm, 1208.06 mm, 1015.88 mm and 1174.8 mm respectively. The predominant wind flow is from the southwest direction. However, in the post-monsoon and winter months the predominant wind direction is from the Northeast.

13. Among Natural Hazards drought is common in the project area, particularly in Bolangir district. The project districts in general are protected from flooding. . However, along the project alignment, areas near Mandir Hasaud, Lakholi, Mahasamund and Muri Bahal get flooded during heavy rainfall. The project area falls in Zone II which indicates low seismic hazard.

14. Physiographically, the project area falling in Chhattisgarh State is a part of Chhattisgarh Plain. In Orissa, the project area falls under central table land. The land profile along the project corridor is in general undulating. The average elevation of the entire rail section is 300.45 m.

15. The land use along the project corridor is predominantly agricultural (approx.38%) followed by forest and hilly tracts (25%) and barren land (approx.15% mostly within railway right-of-way). Rest of the area is shared by water bodies and settlements.

16. Altogether 63 water bodies are being either crossed or located nearby the project sections. Important among them are Mahanandi and its tributaries (Ong and Tel)). Most of them go dry during summer. The water quality conforms to the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Irrigation- Class E and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-D. The Ground water level in Bolangir is 80-100m bgl and 50-60m bgl in Nawapara districts. The water table is comparatively at shallow depth in Raipur and Mahasamund district (12 - 25m bgl).

17. There are no ecologically sensitive areas along the project corridor. However, some reserved forests are present in the project area; some them also being


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bisected by the track. The railway track traverses through the Tumgaon RF from Km.56-59, Khalari RF from Km. 71-73, Raintal RF from Km. 74- Km.75 and Patherpali RF from Km.77- Km.78 under the Forest Department of Chhattisgarh. In Mahasamund forest range, railway track traverse through the Tumgoan RF at Ch. 56.32 km, Khalari RF at Ch. 72.6 Km, Raital RF at 74.89 Km and passing nearby to Hathigarh RF near Ch. 78.6 Km.

18. Altogether 33 mammals, 15 amphibian and 24 reptile species are found in the project districts. Out of them, 5 mammalian species and one reptile species belongs to the schedule I under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. None of these faunal elements have their habitat near the project area. Species like Wild boar, Small Cat species like Fox, wild dog crosses the railway track during the wee hours in the night though not frequently. None of the Floral species out of 80 trees, 78 shrubs, 41 climbers 39 herbs and 39 pteridophytes/fern species are endangered as per Botanical Survey of India. There are approximately 11,634 trees within proposed ROW. All of them need not to be cleared.

19. Fishing activity is limited to few water bodies e.g. Mahanadi River, Mahanadi main canal and Sarikheri Talab. Nearly all the fishes are local migrants in nature and use any portion of river for that purpose.

20. The economy of the project districts is primarily agricultural. In the project districts, Kharif is the main cropping season and rice is the principal crop during kharif season. The other crops are sugarcane, maize, wheat, potatoes, Mung etc. Along the project section, there are not many industries except for a few steel Industries in the Raipur area and rice mills at different stations en-route. Since the line passes through a major rice producing area, Minerals found in project districts are mainly Graphite, Limestone and Quartz etc.

21. The work participation rate (%) of all the project districts ranges from 41.4% to 63.3%. Among the project districts, Raipur has the highest literacy rate of 72% being the capital of state followed by Mahasamund (70%), Bolangir 54.9 % and lowest in Nawapara as 42.2%. Tribal population in the project area are dependent on the forest resources both for the primary purpose such as fodder, fuel wood, housing material and also for commercial purposes

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 22. All government officials (Forest, Pollution Control Board, Geology, Soil &

Agriculture, PWD/NH etc) consulted welcome the decision of doubling. They recognized the significance of doubling of railway for reduced energy consumption, time, accident rate and tariff.

23. The specific concerns were from people near Raipur urban area who insisted for crossing over facility for safe access to school and other community structures. People near Mandir Hasaud expressed concern for air pollution and water pollution due to Industrial activity in the area. They suggested loading/unloading of coal in covered area and transportation in covered wagon. The main demands which emerged of the consultation were employment opportunities to local people during construction phase, increase the train frequency and stoppages at stations, Rehabilitation of borrow areas, efforts for minimum vegetation loss, underpass for movement of animals.


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Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 24. The finding of IEE indicates that the project is unlikely to cause significant

adverse environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature. Some impacts require design considerations and are suitably addressed

25. During the design and construction phase, short term minor change in temperature is anticipated in the immediate vicinity of the alignment due to cutting of trees. This would be compensated by plantation on 1:3 basis. Erratic rainfall condition/flooding may cause breach in the embankment which would be taken care of by provision of adequate cross drainage structures and consideration of HFL levels and 100 years flood return data in design basis. Short-term deterioration of air quality may take place due to increase in fugitive dust emissions and noise level from earthmoving, ground shaping, unpaved transport, and emissions from heavy equipment and other mobile sources. Water sprinkling to control dust, movement and storage in covered vehicles/areas, changing the location and timing of construction activities and maintenance of equipments, temporary barriers use of PPEs by workers will minimize these impacts. Impact to land will be mitigated by restricting movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment on pre defined haulage road, using Govt. wasteland/upland for borrow areas and, compliance to national laws and regulations for borrow areas. Debris from dismantling and cutting will be utilised for filling low lying areas or as sub base layer in construction of approach roads. To prevent surface water contamination due to increased siltation and turbidity during construction phase Silt fencing shall be installed. Erosion along banks shall be checked through vegetation. The piling work will be undertaken during low flow period. No construction camp shall be set up near any surface water body. To prevent stress on already depleting ground water resources due to uncontrolled abstraction the contractor shall ensure the water availability to nearby communities remain unaffected. To augment the groundwater, water harvesting structures will be constructed wherever technically feasible. Impacts from construction sites will be mitigated by siting these away from forest areas, water bodies etc. All construction camp shall be provided with all basic infrastructures in terms of sanitary facilities, solid waste and sewage disposal and storm water management and health-care facilities etc. No negative social impact is envisaged. The unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions may be minimised/avoided by providing PPEs to workers, adequate signage at construction sites, and maintaining all safety measures at level crossings.

26. During Operation phase, the main impacts will be noise and vibrations from the train movement. However with limited number of train movement the impulsive noise peaks will be low and within the acceptable limits. However, to prevent any adverse impact at sensitive receptors the measures include (i) creation of noise barriers by multilayered plantations. (ii) speed limitations at these locations (iii) construction using long welded track to minimise the number of joints. There will be positive impact of the project in terms of reduction of load on existing road particularly in bulk freight transport resulting in reduced fuel consumption beset with decrease in CO2 emission up to 98


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tonnes/day as per calculations. Use of low sulphur diesel and use of energy efficient locomotives will further reduce the locomotive generated due to gaseous emissions. The soil erosion during this phase will be prevented by periodic checking of the stabilization measures taken during construction phase. Measures like regular checks will be done along the alignment to ensure that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels to avoid their blockage/ choking. This will also prevent surface water contamination. Uncontrolled disposable of all types of waste (solid/domestic effluent/hazardous waste) likely to be generated during operation phase of the project may cause pollution of land/soil, water etc. This will be mitigated through solid waste recycling program, connection of floor drains to wastewater treatment system; separation of wastewater from service bays, pre-treatment of effluents meeting the discharge norms; use of aqueous detergent and water based paints and use of trackmats to retain wayside grease and other contaminants. The recommended mitigative measures/actions for safety aspects during operation phase due to moving trains. are training workers in personal track safety procedures, blocking train traffic during maintenance, Use of PPEs, provision of adequate ventilation in locomotive shops and filtration of air in the train crew cabin, scheduling rest periods, regular inspection and maintenance of the rail lines. The risks due to transport of hazardous materials can be mitigated by proper screening, labeling of containers and preparation of spill prevention and control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans based on an analysis of hazards, implementation of prevention and control measures.

27. The findings of the initial Environmental Examination (IEE) ascertain that the project activity does not cause any significant adverse environmental impact. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable levels. In fact the proposed doubling will enhance the traffic scenario by providing high speed, safe and reliable, economical and all weather train service.

28. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, ground water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts

Environmental Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism 29. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate effective

implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs and included as appendix 5.1 to this report. All the policy decisions, including incorporation of the EMP requirements shall be the responsibility of the executing authority RVNL (the Executing Agency) while the its environmental field officer to be designated at corporate and PIU level shall ensure that the environmental mitigation actions


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are implemented as per the contract document. RVNL will review the EMP and include the proposed mitigation measures in the project design as required. It will also be ensured that the EMP requirements are included as ‘Bill of Quantity ( BOQ)’ in all bidding documents and operating contracts. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with aim to monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan and included in this report as appendix 5.2. The institutional capacity building measures including training and awareness shall be implemented as proposed under EMP. Grievance redress mechanism is defined under EMP to address various concern/grievances from local/affected people which may come up time to time during implementation of the project.

Conclusion and Recommendations 30. The project activity does not cause any significant adverse environmental

impact. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. However, the institutional and capacity strengthening measures shall be implemented for the same. All attempts shall be made to minimise cutting of the trees in the forest areas. The timely actions shall be needed for obtaining the permissions for cutting of trees or diversion of forestland for non-forest purposes. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

31. Any major changes during detailed design or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities, if any clearance is involved. It shall also have to be sent to ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. Moreover, the executing agencies have to submit the detailed engineering designs to ADB, which will be reviewed by them and examine whether major changes or major additional works have been included.


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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Background

32. Ministry of Railways (MoR), Govt. of India (GoI) has sought financial assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a major rail up-gradation project involving doubling of 4 single rail sections and electrification of one existing railway line totalling 1500 kms along saturated corridors in Maharastra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Chhatisgarh and Orissa. Asian Development Bank (ADB) initiated TA No. 4898 (IND) to assist MoR for preparing Railway Sector Investment Program for possible financing of above rail up-gradation project.

33. The project aims to alleviate the capacity constraints of already saturated existing single lines, which have considerable significance in bulk freight transport of various commodities. The project on its implementation would increase the physical infrastructure and increase the capacity and the operational efficiency of the existing tracks with introduction of modern signalling systems.

34. The details of different rail sections considered for doubling and electrification under this project are given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 : Details of Project Sections Corridors Length State Electrification of Pune-Guntakul section of Mumbai-Chennai main line 641.00 Maharastra, Karnataka and

Andhra Pradesh Doubling of Hospet -Tinai Ghat 245.00 Karnataka Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh 182.00 Orissa Doubling of Raipur-Titlagarh 203.00 Chhatisgarh and Orissa Doubling of Daund- Gulbarga Section 225.00 Maharashtra, Karnataka,

and Andhra Pradesh

35. As part of above TA, Iinitial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been carried out in accordance with country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003, and Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. The IEE is conducted since project is categorised as Category ‘B’.

36. This report pertains to Raipur-Titlagarh Section. The location and proposed alignment of this subproject is shown in Map 1 & 2 respectively.

1.2. Stage of Project Preparation 37. Following preliminary engineering-cum traffic survey report

preparation, the sub-projects are identified and this Project Preparation Technical Assistance (PPTA) is initiated. Thus the analysis being undertaken is at the detailed engineering design preparation stage.


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1.3. Purpose of the Report 38. The purpose of the study is to cary out environmental assessment of

the proposed up-gradation of railway section to identify environmental issues associated with project design, construction and operation stages and suggest requisite measures to mitigate them. The impacts are identified for physical, biological (terrestrial, and aquatic) and social environment. The study also includes preparation of environmental management and monitoring plan to minimise these impacts and sustain the benefits. It also identifies the applicable legislative requirements; safeguard requirements of funding agency and institutional mechanism for effective implementation of EMP and EMoP.

1.4. Extent of IEE 39. The extent of IEE study has been considered based on the spatial

extent (elaborated in project description chapter) of the project section and the proposed activities. The IEE is conducted at pre feasibility stage and as per the details provided by the executing agency Rail Vikash Nigam Limited (RVNL)1

40. The corridor of impact is considered as 100 m on either side from the edge of the existing rail embankment in the block-sections including around other development and activity areas like near station, construction camps. However strip mapping indicating environmental features along the corridor up to 500 m on either side is carried out to assess the impact on existing environmental features/resources/utilities in the immediate vicinity. Land use map of 2 km buffer has also been prepared to illustrate the surrounding land use pattern particularly forest areas which may undergo changes.

, an arm of Ministry of Railways. Certain changes may occur in structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts.

41. The environmental assessment covers all such as site clearance (tree cutting, hill-cutting, shifting of utilities etc.), construction activities including material sourcing (borrowing, quarrying, and transportation) and operation (movement of locomotives). Attempt is also made to assess CDM (carbon credit) benefits.

1.5. IEE Content 42. This report is presented in seven chapters in line with ADB’s 2003 EA

Guidelines. The following chapters are included in the report

Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Description of Project Chapter 3: Description of environment ( baseline data)

1 RVNL is a special purpose vehicle formed by Ministry of Railways, Governmentt of India to undertake project development mobilisation of financial resources and implement railways projects


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Chapter 4: Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures Chapter 5: Public consultation and information disclosure Chapter 6: Environmental management plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism Chapter 7: Conclusions and recommendations.

1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements 43. The environmental assessment is carried out by Mr. S. K. Jain

(Environment Specialist) with support from other subject specialist from EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, India and field team members. The environmental team acknowledges the support extended by RVNL, Railway officials of Raipur division of South East Central Railways, East Coast Railways, State pollution Control Board (SPCB) Regional office, officials of respective forest divisions and other state Govt. organisations.

1.7. Methodology 44. The IEE study has been carried out using (i) review of existing data (ii)

reconnaissance survey, (iii) primary and secondary base line data collection and (iv) consultation with stake-holders.

1.7.1. Data Collection 45. The objective of data collection was to provide a database on existing

conditions, to be used for predicting the likely changes that are expected and for monitoring such changes. The first step was to undertake a project scoping exercise, identifying the parameters which needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. Data was collected for physical, ecological and socio-economic environment both through primary and secondary sources.

46. The sources of data were identified and relevant existing data from authentic secondary sources was collected. The most relevant information collected along with sources and reasons are listed in 0.


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Table 1.2 : Information Collected and Sources

Environmental Parameters Mode of Data Collection Information Sources Used for Primary Secondary

Project location, objectives, and key activities √ TA Engineering

Consultant, RVNL Project Description and Impact Assessment

Engineering details of existing single line and proposed doubling

√ Preliminary Engineering-cum-Traffic Survey

Land Use/ Land Cover

√ √

Survey of India (SOI)Toposheet and Strip mapping during field survey

Baseline assessment, Impact assessment, Regulatory Compliance assessment, Developing Environmental Management Monitoring Plan

Forest areas details viz, flora, fauna, endangered species, movement path, compensatory afforestation etc.

√ √

Divisional Forest Office, Raipur, Mahasamund, Nawapara and South Bolangir

Enumeration of trees √ Enumeration during field survey

Climatic Condition √ Envis Website

(www.envisorissa.org), Drainage Pattern √ √ Toposheet and field

observation Air

√ SPCB, Regional Office, Sambalpur & Raipur

Noise √ √ Onsite Monitoring and SPCB Regional Office

Water √ Analysis of Field Samples

Soil Quality √ √ State Soil Department Geology

√ Mines and Geology Department, Orissa and Chhattisgarh

Socio-economic Environment

√ √

Govt. agencies/civic bodies, Official websites and Field survey

1.7.2. Onsite Monitoring and Strip Map Preparation 47. Onsite monitoring/sampling was conducted for noise, water and soil

quality to establish the baseline condition of the area. Secondary data on air quality available with SPCB was used for the study.

48. For easy reference strip maps were prepared delineating following environmental features within 500m of the either side of the track and were used for impact assessment and developing mitigative measures;

• Water bodies • Settlement areas

http://www.envisorissa.org/�


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• Forest areas along the alignment (along with movement path of wild animals)

• Geologically unstable areas • Noise sensitive locations • Existing industries • Common physical resources like hand pumps, wells, temples etc

utlities viz. handpumps, wells etc

1.7.3. Public Consultation 49. Consultations with stakeholders are intended to maximise and

optimise the project benefits and to reduce or mitigate the possible and probable impacts to Valued environment components. Local anecdotal knowledge about the eco system and problems associated with the existing rail line were carefully recorded and used in impact assessment.

50. Focused consultations were conducted during reconnaissance site visit in July, 2008 and detailed field survey in August-September 2008 with various stakeholders ranging from Govt. officials, local people, passengers, fishermen and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to know the level of project acceptability, understand their concerns, apprehensions, and overall opinion. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project stretch. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to existing baseline environmental condition, source of construction material, perceived benefit, perceived losses, economic development, and impact on flora and fauna, land use, ambient air quality, water availability, social aspects, safety of people and animals due to proposed project activities.

51. Information gathered was integrated in project design and formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan.

1.7.4. Statutory Clearances Required 52. The project will require certain permission/clearances under

environmental related laws in India. The applicable environmental laws are defined below

1.7.4.1 Environmental Clearance

53. Environmental clearance requirement for a project in India is defined under Environment Impact Assessment Notification S.O.1533 (E), dated 15th September, 2006 promulgated under umbrella legislation Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. As per the above notification, environmental clearance is not required either for new or improvement of any railways project.

1.7.4.2 Forest clearance for felling of trees and Diversion of Forest Land 54. There will be no diversion of forests land. Hence no forest clearance is

required. However, the project envisages felling of trees. Necessary


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permission shall be obtained from concerned forests department/district authorities.

1.7.4.3 Permissions/NOC/Clearances prior to Construction

55. Apart from tree cutting Clearance, permission for groundwater abstraction for construction and domestic purposes will be required.

56. During construction stage the contractor will be required to obtain Consent to establish for setting up Hot Mix Plant , Crusher, bathing plant under Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1974 and Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1981. He will also have to obtain Authorisation for Storage & disposal of Hazardous waste under Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000. All the above permission is granted by State Pollution Control Board.


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2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 57. The subproject covered under this IEE pertains to doubling of existing

railway track between Raipur – Titlagarh (about 202.8 Km in length) under South – East Central Railways and East Coast Railways. The proposed second track will run parallel to existing track.

2.1. Category of the Project 58. The project has been evaluated considering outcome of Rapid

Environmental Assessment Checklist2

Appendix 2.1 and same is enclosed as

. All environmental sensitive areas have been critically analysed to assess the magnitude and extent of likely impacts particularly on protected areas. This stretch though passes through many reserved forests but does not lead to loss of medicinal plants, endangered floral/faunal species, and any disturbance to existing wildlife movement passages. Further, no land acquisition is envisaged either in forest area or otherwise for the project. Hence it is categorised as Category B project under ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) and SPS 2009.

59. This project does not require any environmental clearance in accordance with Indian Environmental (Protection) Act and Rules, 1986 amended till date either.

2.2. Need for the Project 60. The present section is a part of Vizianagaram-Raipur line, which

connects the Howrah- Mumbai trunk route passing through the rice bowl states of Orissa and Chhattisgarh. This line serves as a vital link between up country and south as well as south-eastern regions. It serves several coal, iron ore, manganese ore, cement, alumina, aluminium ingots, finished steel, fertilizer and petroleum industries. To name a few are Bhilai Steel plant, the port of Vizag, Coromandal fertilizers, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd., Monnet Ispat Limited, Jindal steel, National Aluminium Corporation at Damanjodi and Indian Oil refinery at Visakhapatnam.

61. As stated earlier, the region is one of the largest producers of rice which has led to opening up of a number of godowns by Food Corporation of India (FCI) along the line leading to sizable movement of food grains on the line.

62. The current traffic movement on the section is 21.4 trains/ day, each way, with the capacity utilization at 126%. 10 pairs of coaching trains running in this section in both the direction. As far as freight traffic is concerned on an average, daily 7.86 and 10.68 numbers of trains traverse in up direction and down direction respectively.

2 REA checklist defined for Roads and Highways as per ADB Environmental Guidelines 2003 which has been suitably modified for rail projects


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63. The proposed doubling further achieves its significance due to expected annual increase in the production of above industrial units and food grains, which will definitely entail increase in freight trains. Approximately, an increase of 314944 tonnes of raw materials and 167678 tonnes of finished products is expected after doubling. This will result in increase of 4.68 trains daily pushing the utilisation percentage to be 76.7% in the very first year (2009 –10) of the project operation.

2.3. Location and Characteristic of the Project Section 64. The sub-project section (Raipur-Titlagarh) is located in the state

of Chhattisgarh and Orissa traversing through Raipur (Chhattisgarh), Mahasamund, Nawapara and Bolangir (Orissa) districts. The geographical area of the proposed doubling alignment lies between the Latitude 21°08’ N to 20°17’ N and longitude 81°83’ E to 83°07’ E. The project alignment and switchover location is shown in Table 2.2.

65. The subproject section takes-off at Raipur Block Hut at Ch. km 0.00 (reckoned from of Raipur Block Hut) and terminates at Ch. km. 202.80 (Centre line of Titlagarh station building). Out of the total length, major part of the corridor falls in the Mahasamund and Bolangir districts. The doubling length of track in Raipur, Mahasamund, Nawapara and Bolangir districts are 34.9 Km, 65.4 Km, 42.4 Km and 60.1 Km respectively.

66. There are a 20 stations (including the take-off and terminating stations) in this sub project section. Important among them are Raipur, Mandir Hasaud, Khariar Road, Kantabanji and Titlagarh. List of existing stations of project section are (Table 2.1).

Plate 1: Take-off point of the project section near Raipur Block Hut

Plate 2: Terminating point of the project section (Titlagarh Junction)


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Table 2.1 : Name and Locations of the Existing Stations

S. No Stations (Km EX-HWH) S. No Stations (Km EX-

HWH) 1 Raipur (Takeoff Point) 0.000 11 Komakhan 96.684 2 Mandir Hasaud 16.421 12 Khariar Road 105.215 3 Lakholi 28.791 13 Nawapara Road 116.885 4 Arang Mahanadi 35.912 14 Lakhana 130.584 5 Belsonada 45.110 15 Harishankar Road 146.268 6 Mahasamund 53.664 16 Turukela Road 155.479 7 Arand 61.781 17 Kantabanji 169.422 8 Mahanadi 65.093 18 Muri Bahal 184.487 9 Bhimkhoj 73.389 19 Rain Bhata 195.091 10 Bagbahara 84.275 20 Titlagarh ( End Point) 202.801

67. The existing single line section is Broad Gauge (standard width of 1.676 m). The available ROW (right-of-way) is varying at places but enough for construction of additional track. The ruling gradient at most of the locations is 1 in 150. The degree of curve ranges between 0.5° to 3°. The total number of Curves is 56 covering 23.96 km, i.e. 4.69% of the total length. There are altogether 13 major and 316 minor bridges. The total no. of level crossings is 163, out of which 27 are manned and 136 are unmanned.

68. The proposed doubling will be along the existing line with switch over at six different locations as presented in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2 The best-fit, proposed alignment has been suitably finalized with due considerations to engineering aspects like available gradient, need of curve improvement, demolition and cuttings and environmental/social aspects like land acquisition in forests or near settlements or schools. All efforts have been made to utilize the existing ROW.

Table 2.2 :Proposed alignment with Switchover Locations

S. No Locations ( Km)

Alignment w.r.t to existing track From To

1 0.00 28.79 LHS 2 28.79 96.68 RHS 3 96.91 126.5 LHS 4 126.5 136.5 RHS 5 136.5 150.3 LHS 6 150.3 202.8 RHS

Source: Final Location Survey


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2.4. Project Implementation Schedule 69. The project is in detailed design stage. Construction is likely to

start by the end of 2011 and is proposed to be completed in five years i.e. by 2015. The entire construction activities may be taken up in three packages. The indicative cost of the project is estimated as about Rs. 5.180 Million excluding rolling stock.

2.5. Key Project Components and Activities 70. The key project activities will involve laying of rail bed formation

for second track, construction of new bridges and modifications of existing Bridges. Other important activities are (i) gradient and curve improvement, (ii) construction of side drains, (iii) shifting of existing roads at certain locations and construction of approach roads near bridge locations, (iv) dismantling, renovation (levelling, extension, up-gradation) or new construction of platforms, (v) dismantling/ construction of foot over bridges, (vi) dismantling /building of the loops, (vii) construction of quarters for staffs with all basic amenities. Temporary workshops, offices and construction camps may also be set up at different places. These are likely to be close to the existing stations or rail lines only. However these locations are not yet firmed up.

71. Gauge and Alignment: The proposed new track will be standard broad gauge of 1.676 m width. The alignment broadly will follow the existing alignment. The normal track centre has been taken as 5.30 m. wherever retired alignment is proposed the track centre varies from 5.3m to 15m for construction of major bridges and easing out the curves due to detoured alignment for proposed doubling.

72. Gradient: The ruling gradient for existing line between Raipur – Titlagarh section is 1 in 150 the same ruling gradient is adopted for orthodox doubling. Gradient of the section yard is kept 1 in 400 or flatter to avoid the heavy remodelling of the yard.

73. Curves: The maximum degree of curvature between Raipur Block Hut and Titlagarh station is 30.All other curves have curvature upto 20.The same is retained in doubling. Maximum numbers of curves (6 Nos) are in between the section Harishankar Road and Lakhana.

74. Embankment Formation: The formation width for proposed doubling is kept 5.67m at the embankment and 5.84 in cutting keeping the track centre 5.30m. The width of formation for detoured alignment at the embankment is kept as 6.85m with 15 cm widening on outside of curves. Provision has been made in the estimate to compact the entire bank by mechanical means, including the 1m thick blanket on the top with good selected (granular) material. Pitching and side walling has been provided in the cuttings wherever considered necessary


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75. Side slopes of embankments have been provided at the rate of 2:1 upto 6m height. For the embankment between 6m to 12m height and above, the slopes have been provided at the rate 2.5:1 with 2m wide beams at every change of strata. In cutting sections where strata is unstable, adequate protection works with retaining / breast wall shall be provided. Provision for turfing has been made for side slopes of all embankments of 3.0m height and above.

76. The total earth requirement for banking and blanketing has been estimated3

77. Ballast: Provision has been made for 50mm, Stone ballast for the track at the rate of 2.85 cum/m for main line in straight track, 3.0 cum/m for main line in curved track and 2.50 cum/m for loop lines as per the latest standard. Cushion of 350mm for PSC sleepers has been proposed. Since the formation will be compacted along with granular blankets, stone ballasting can be done straightway without resorting to initial moorum ballasting. It is proposed to collect the stone ballast along the alignment on the cess as approach roads are available.

to be 5177630 cum and 1691867 cum respectively. The earth required for turfing is estimated to be 1154674 cum. The total earth availability from cutting is estimated to be 740582 cum which may be utilised in the embankment formation.

78. Bridges: There are 329 Nos. bridges out of which 13 are major bridges and 316 are minor bridges. The water way per Km of the bridges works out to 11.15m/Km out of which 6.64 m/Km is for major bridges and 4.51 m/Km is for minor bridges. While designing the bridges, heavy minerals loading (HML) standard has been adopted. All major bridges have been located on the straight alignment and kept on the level with a straight approach of 100m on either side. Guide bunds with pitching etc. will have to be suitably provided for major bridges to avoid changes in their courses.

79. Road Crossing/ Level Crossings and Approach Roads: There is no Road over/Road under bridges in the existing line. Hence there is no proposal for Road over/under bridges for orthodox doubling. There are 163 nos. Road Crossing in the existing line out of which 2 Nos. are ‘A” class manned, 23 Nos. ‘B’ Class manned, 2 Nos, ‘C’ Class manned and 136 Nos are ‘C’ Class Unmanned.

80. Side Drains: Provision for side drains, designed for probable discharges in the cutting has been made with trapezoidal cross section of 1.2m top width and 0.6m bottom width and another 0.3m extra widening beyond the drain towards the slope of cutting on the both sides. Catch water drain have been provided for cutting more than 4.0m deep and are likely to be flooded

3 The estimation is based on the earth calculation done for the embankment formation for similar type of terrain.


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during rains. They are pucca and 30cm deep (minimum) and trapezoidal in the section. These shall be well designed for the probable discharge without any overflowing.

81. Stations: There are existing 20 Block Stations and two new Block stations are proposed i.e. Tongrapam between Lakhana- Harishankar Road (15.7 Kms) and Domanmunda between Kantabanji – Muri Bahal (15.3 Kms). The station yard wise proposed activities are given in Table 2.3 and Table 2.4.

Table 2.3 :Summary of Station wise Proposed Activities

S.No Station Km( from Raipur)

Proposed Activities

1 Raipur 0.000 To facilitate crossing at this station a crossover at Mandir Hasaud end has been proposed.

2 Mandir Hasaud 16.421

Provision of a new Low level platform on Down Side(452m * 9.44m), conversion of the existing rail level platform(240m) to low level platform(524m* 9.44m), Relay Rooms and Central panel interlocking with MACLS

3 Lakholi 28.791

Extension of the existing rail level platform at Vizianagaram end to provide the standard length of 452m, Two more loops on down side with low level island platform(452m*9.44m) with suitable crossover

4 Arang Mahanadi 35.912

Dismantling the platform side crossover of the goods siding and to use the same as hot axle siding and extension of low level platform

5 Belsonada 45.110

Relay and battery room for panel instrument, Piped water supply, a hand boring pump for the gate lodge at the Vizianagaram end of the station, suitable crossover to use up loop a common loop

6 Mahasamund 53.664

Dismantling of existing goods shed extension of existing low level platforms at both sides to (452m* 9.44m) Provision of suitable crossover for the common loop, overrun line at both end for common loop, extension of the existing running lines.

7 Arand 61.781

Dismantling of existing Hot- axle siding for making of low- level platform and one loop line on down side which will use as common loop, length of running lines is proposed to be shifted extended.

8 Mahanadi 65.093

One low level platform (452m*9.44m) on south side, extension of existing platform up to 452m*9.44m) and ‘C’ class unmanned level crossing at Raipur end of the station yard.

9 Bhimkhoj 73.389

Extension of the existing low level platform at both sides to 452m*9.44m, two additional running lines to be used as Down main and Down Loop, existing loop will be use as common loop, Rebuilding of the goods loop as


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Proposed Activities

hot axle siding by dismantling the Raipur end crossover and extending the siding line.

10 Bagbahara 84.275

Goods loop is proposed to be converted to common loop with provision of suitable crossovers and overrun line (120m) at both end and goods platform will remodeled as a low- level platform (452m*9.44m), snag dead end will provided on down line, .

11 Komakhan 662.684

Existing island platform proposed to be dismantled, Down main and down loop line proposed at south side of station building, low level platform proposed by dismantling of goods platform, suitable platform have been provided to use Down loop as common loop and to extend the running lines.

12 Khariar Road 105.215

A ‘C’ class unmanned level crossing at Raipur end, one Up loop line in North Direction of existing main line with overrun lines (120m) at both side. Crossovers will gets extended

13 Nawapara Road 116.885

One Up main and one Up Loop, one low level platform (452m *9.44m) at North side between Up loop and Up main, existing rail level platform to be extended to 452m length,

14 Lakhana 130.584

A low level platform 452m opposite to station building, a hot axle siding at the Raipur end of the common loop, overrun lines of 120m at both end of the Up loop, Piped water supply and suitable shifting of crossover for extending the CSL of all running lines

15 Harishankar Road 146.268

Dismantling of low level platform of the station side and developing a running line in that space , to be used as Down loop, low level platform of length 452m* 9.44m at the station side, A island low level platform between Up loop and Up main, overrun line at the common loop, shifting of crossover to suit the extension.

16 Turukela Road 155.479

Existing hot axle siding has been developed as Down loop, the existing high level; platform has been dismantled and a low level platform measuring 452m* 9.44m, Sand hump at Vizianagaram end of the existing 2nd loop and that of 1st loop has been dismantled.

17 Kantabanji 169.422 Line No1 and Line No. 2 will converted into Up main and Down main line respectively, Four new Cross over will be introduced.

18 Muri Bahal 184.487

Proposed Line No 2 works as Down main Line and main line will converted as Up main Line, Existing goods loop and siding have been dismantled for development of the common loop , new low level platform will be introduced just opposite of station building


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Proposed Activities

19 Rahenbheta 195.091

Proposed doubling joins line No.1 to be used as Down main line, main line will work as the Up main line, new down side loop proposed and hot axle siding has been extended towards station by dismantling the station side crossover.

20 Titlagarh (End Point) 202.801 Proposed doubling takes off the Overrun line of

line No. 4 at Raipur End of the station yard.

Table 2.4 :Summary of New Proposed Crossing Stations S. No

Proposed Station

Km ( from Raipur)

Proposed Activities at New Stations

1 Tongarpam 137.501

Two Loop Lines of Standard length in addition to the Up and Down main Line. Suitable crossovers have been proposed to use Down loop as Common Loop with the provision of Overrun lines and Sand Hump in both directions. Station is Proposed in a gradient of 1 in 900 rising towards Vizianagaram with the Station building at the Down side.

2 Domanmunda 174.53

Two Loop Lines of Standard length in addition to the Up and Down main Line. Suitable crossovers have been proposed to use Down loop as Common Loop with the provision of Overrun lines and Sand Hump in both directions. Station with gradient of 1 in 750 rising towards Vizianagaram with the station building at the Down side.

82. Residential Accommodation: Adequate residential accommodation for accommodating the additional staff at various stations has been proposed during project implementation stage. 100% accommodation will be provided for essential staff and 60% for the non- essential staff. The details of residential accommodations as indicated in the estimate have been provided in the table below.

Table 2.5 : Details of Residential Accommodation S. No Description Qty

1 Type –I Staff Quarters 50 Nos 2 Type II Staff Quarters 70 Nos. 3 Type III Staff Quarters 20 Nos. 4 Type IV Staff Quarters 4 Nos

83. Dismantling: Dismantling is involved at different stations as per the requirements indicated in Table 2.3. All the dismantled material can be sold off or reused for filling or other construction activities except asbestos roof sheets which will be disposed off suitably.


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84. Land Requirement: In the orthodox doubling proposal, the existing land with railways is found to be adequate for doubling purpose. No additional land requirement is envisaged for the project.

85. Construction Material Source: The main construction material required for the project is earth, cement, ballast, stone chips and sand. All these materials are locally available. Earth will be borrowed preferably from Govt. Wasteland and private non-agricultural land. Stone chips/ ballast will be procured from licensed quarries located nearby. Cement will be procured from Bargarh. Sand will be obtained from different river beds present along and nearby the project areas. A list of borrow area with distance from railway line is given in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6 : Borrow Areas and its lead from Railway Track

S. No Ch.

(Km.) Borrow area locations Distance From

Track (Km) 1 43 Buberpur 10 2 44 Muthena 5 3 54 Mahasamund 3 4 92 Kashbokra 4 5 143 Semutpali 7 6 144 Malpara 2 7 155 Lamthota 6 8 172 Kalabogi near Borbahal 8 9 180 Rajamata 3

Source: Identified during Field Survey


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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 86. It is imperative to study the existing environmental conditions not only

to establish the present physical, biological and socio-economic scenario but also in order to predict future impacts owing to construction and operation of the project. Particular emphasis has been laid in collection of data for terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna, wild life movement, tree cover along the alignment and sourcing of construction material. These are considered to be of prime importance vis-à-vis the nature and location of the proposed project.

3.1. Physical Environment 3.1.1. Meteorology and Climate

87. The project districts have tropical climate characterized by high temperature, high humidity, and medium to high rainfall and short and mid winters. Four seasons distinctly observed in the study area are (i) Winter Season: This extends from December to January. The minimum and maximum temperature in this season observed is 10.4° C and 29°C respectively (ii) Hot and Dry Summer: It extends from early February to middle June. The temperature shots up to 48° C in May. The humidity is very low particularly in April and May. The average, rainfall in this season is < 50 mm. (iii) Hot and Humid Wet Season: Monsoon breaks in first fortnight of June and lasts up till September. Maximum rainfall is received in July and August. Humidity is high in this season ranging between 79-88%. The average maximum temperature in this season is about 34° C. The average annual rainfall at Raipur, Mahasamund, Nawapara and Bolangir is 952.4 mm, 1208.06 mm, 1015.88 mm and 1174.8 mm respectively; (iv) Post Monsoon: In this season there are occasional showers. The humidity is high. There is moderate cloud in this season.

88. Wind direction varies considerably in the four project districts in different seasons. The predominant wind flow is from the southwest direction. However, in the post-monsoon and winter months the predominant wind direction is from the northeast. The trend starts varying from the month of March and by April the wind direction is form west and southwest. The wind speed in general ranges between 2.9 km. per hr. to 8.69 km. per hr. During the post-monsoon and winter, the wind speed is relatively low (mean speed = 2.6 – 3.8 km/h). The highest wind speed is about 8.3 km/h normally observed in July.

89. The annual rainfall (2000-2004) in the project districts and average temperature for all project districts are graphically presented in Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 respectively.


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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Years

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Nuapada

Bolangir

Raipur

Mahasumund

Figure 3.1 : Annual Rainfall Pattern in the State and Project Districts (2000-2004)

05

10152025303540

Jan

FebMarc

hApri

lMay

June Ju

ly

Augus

tSep

tOct Nov

Dec

Months

Tem

pertu

re (C

elci

us)

BalongirTitlagarhRaipur

Figure 3.2 : Temperature Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area (2007) 3.1.2. Natural Hazards

90. The project districts are not vulnerable to any major risk due to natural hazard other than drought which is very common in the area, particularly in Bolangir district. The drought is both meteorological and hydrological in nature which occurs due to erratic rainfall in the area beset with depleting ground water resources. However, some parts of the project districts were severely affected by flood during Aug, 2001 and August- September, 2003 due to continuous rain in the upper and


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lower catchments areas of the Mahanadi River followed by flash floods.

91. Along the project alignment, areas near Mandir Hasaud, Lakholi, Mahasamund and Muri Bahal get flooded during heavy rainfall. The incidence of track wash-out was also recorded near Mandir Hasaud station during 2007 Monsoon.

3.1.3. Air Quality 92. The level of suspended particulate matter (SPM), Respirable

particulate matter (RSPM), Sulphur Dioxide and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in Ambient Air range from 112 to 304 µg/m3, 39.8 to 117 µg/m3, 6.5 to 36 µg/m3 and 7.5 to 14 µg/m3 respectively in this project area (Table 3.1). These ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) appended as Appendix 3.1 for different land use category except at the 2 locations near Raipur Town and Wool worth Industries where SPM is higher than residential limit but well within industrial limits. Overall, the project area is free from air pollution. This may be attributed to vast agricultural/open area available in the project area.

Table 3.1 : Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area Location Parameters

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

SPM (µg/m3) 205 304 117.5 170.0 132.0 112.0 205 RSPM (µg/m3) 115 177 39.8 47.0 63.0 45.0 115 SO2 (µg/m3) 35 36 7.0 6.5 6.9 35 7.0 NOX (µg/m3) 14 14 12.7 7.5 8.1 14 12.7

Source: Regional office SPCB, Sambalpur and Raipur, 1= Yatayat Thane, Raipur town, 2= Worth industries, Raipur, 3=Bagbahara 4= Mahasamund, 5= Titlagarh town 6= Kantabanji town, 7= Khariar Road

3.1.4. Noise and Vibration 93. The ambient noise levels were monitored at various locations. The

secondary data was also collected from SPCB. These ambient noise levels are provided in Table 3.22. The noise levels conform to the prescribed limit (Appendix 3.2) except at one commercial location (near Kantabanji railway station), two other residential areas (Raipur station, Khariar Road) and silence zones where it exceeds marginally. The commercial area where noise level exceeds the prescribed limit is very close to railway stations. The educational institute where the noise level exceeds during night time is all non-residential.


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Table 3.2 : Noise Level in dB (A) in the Project Area Noise level Location

Leq (Day)

Leq (Night) L max L min Area Category

Near Raipur Block Hut Stn 58.8 41.6 66.0 38 Residential Monnet Ispat Ltd. near Mandir Hasaud 67.7 62.6 70.1 54.3 Industrial

Jindal Electrical Power Generation, Mahasamund 55.6 49.6 64.5 35.2 Industrial

Cement factory, Kantabanji 61.0 52.1 85.0 61.0 Industrial 100 mtr Kantabanji Stn. 71.0 64.0 84..0 48.0 Commercial Asarmapada, Kantabanji 42.0 38.9 54.0 32.0 Residential K.B.College, Kantabanji 57.3 48.1 83.0 35.0 Silence Zone Near Ganesh Rice Mill (100 mtr from Railway station), Khariar Road

72.0 55.4 82.0 46.0 Industrial

Bus Stand, Khariar Road 64.8 49.3 54.0 35.0 Commercial 200 mtr from Railway Station, Khariar Road 66.3 50.4 74.0 42.0 Residential

100 mtr from Titlagarh R.S 58.1 50.2 `83.0 52.0 Commercial DAV College, Titlagarh 54.1 42.2 75.0 51.0 Silence Zone

Source: Regional Office, SPCB, Sambalpur and Raipur 94. Noise level (impulse noise) during movement of the trains (near rail-

track) was recorded at select locations at different distances from the railway track. The impulse noise recorded at bridge approaches observed to be the highest ranging from 77.0 dB (A)-82 dB (A) followed by rest of the locations where it varies from 73.0 dB (A) to 78.8 dB (A). Vibration was felt comparatively higher near bridge approaches and in few sections where soil composition is comparatively unconsolidated.

3.1.5. Topography and Physiography 95. The land profile along the project corridor is in general undulating. The

elevation above mean sea level along the project corridor varies between 215 m (Titlagarh Jn.) to 339.95 m (Nawapara Road). The average elevation of the entire rail section is 300.45 m.

96. Physiographically, the project area falling in Chhattisgarh State is a part of Chhattisgarh Plain. The plains are mostly underlain by hard rocks among which classified limestone and shales with gypsum dominates the bed-rock composition. In Orissa, the project area falls under central table land out of four main physiographic divisions of the state namely coastal plains, northern plateau, central table land and Eastern Ghats. The central table land is characterized by varying land profile viz. fertile valleys, plains and hilly lands. Mahanadi river basin is a worth mentioning physiographic unit of the central table land flowing east-west of the project corridor. Geology and Seismicity


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97. The general geology of the Chhattisgarh and Orissa region consists primarily of Precambrian rocks of the Indian Shield. Project area falling in Raipur and Mahasamund districts is mainly covered by sedimentary rocks in the northwestern part. The remaining southeastern portion is occupied by unclassified crystalline and meta-sediments intruded by rhyolites, dolerites etc. underlain primarily by Archean granitic gneisses, khondalites, charnockites, and migmatites. These rocks trend in general NE-SW direction, gently curving eastward at their northern end. The most common types of joints and fractures are vertical and cross each other at various angles, formed due to contraction during the cooling of magma. Horizontal joints also characterize granites and gneisses. The main discontinuities in the region is Eastern Ghat boundary fault (far way from the project area) and north Orissa boundary fault, which separates west sector from east and south sector from north respectively.

98. As per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, project area falls in Zone II which have low seismic hazard. Historically, parts of this state have experienced seismic activity in the MSK IV range.

3.1.6. Soil 99. The soil, in this sub project area, mainly consists of ordinary hard soil,

black cotton, hard soil mixed with moorum and rocks structure consisting of igneous rock. In Raipur and Mahasamund districts, soil type varies from dark gray brown to black. These types of soil have high moisture retention capacity. In Nawapara district, the main soil types are Red, Mixed Red and Black and Black Soil and Bolangir District have Red and yellow, Red and Black, Brown and Forest Laterite Soil. Stretch falling in Bolangir district is predominantly underlain by black cotton soil. In the block sections of Lakholi – Mahanadi- Khariar Road, Lateritic soil is present due to proximity to Mahanadi River and many other natural drains in this area.

100. Physico-chemical analysis (Table 3.3) of soil samples indicates soils along the project sections are alkaline in nature. Texture of the soil is clayey in Raipur and Mahasamund. Texture of soil is sandy loam to coarse sandy-clay loam in Nawapara and Bolangir. Iron content in the soil samples is higher than normal in the Khariar Road and Titlagarh Organic content and nutrients viz. nitrogen, sodium potassium and phosphorous are comparatively low as per recommended norms of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).


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Table 3.3 : Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil S.No Parameters Titlagarh Kantabanji Khariar Road

1 Available nitrogen as N (kg/Ha) 194 188 171 2 Available phosphorus as P(kg/Ha) 26.8 32.8 25.9 3 Iron (mg/kg) 20.4 18.2 43.2 4 Copper (mg/kg) 0.09 0.02 0.08 5 Manganese (mg/kg) 1.32 1.26 1.72 6 Avalable potassium as P (kg/Ha) 165 201 204 7 Available Magnesium as Mg

(mg/kg) 210.0 240.0 188.0

8 Chloride as Cl, mg/Kg 138.0 109.0 108.0 9 Fluoride (mg/kg) ND 0.31 0.28 10 Bulk Density(gm/cc) 1.63 1.59 1.64 11 Sand (%) 23.1 29.1 12.3 12 Silt (%) 20.1 16.4 26.1 13 Clay (%) 56.8 54.2 61.3 14 Organic matter (%) 0.34 0.37 0.33 15 W.H.C. 10.28 12.70 9.23 17 Pore Space (%) 48 51 43 18 EC(1:5 soil-water extract micro

siemens/cm) 155.2 168.7 194.2

Source: Regional Office, Sambalpur, SPCB

3.1.7. Water Resources 3.1.7.1 Groundwater

101. The ground water is main source of drinking and domestic purposes in the study area except in the urban area of Raipur where main source of drinking water is Mahadev dam on Kharaun River. Water requirement at different stations is also met mainly through of groundwater abstraction except at Raipur and Titlagarh. Depth of water table in the project area significantly varies in all the four project districts. The highest depth to water level is in Bolangir (80-100m bgl) followed by Nawapara district (50-60m bgl). The water table is comparatively at shallow depth in Raipur and Mahasamund district (12 - 25mbgl) due to its proximity to Mahanadi River and its tributaries.

102. Analysis of groundwater samples collected have been compared with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500-1993 (Appendix 3.3). The groundwater samples conform to the drinking water standard except for Iron. Iron content exceeds the maximum permissible limit at Kantabanji and Bhimkhoj. Information about groundwater quality was also obtained from local people, railway staffs and passengers for different locations. They informed about poor groundwater quality near Kantabanji due to the excess iron content and total hardness. Result of the groundwater quality of the samples collected during field survey in the study area has been summarised in Table 3.4.


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Table 3.4 : Groundwater Quality in the Project Area Locations Parameters

Tube well (Mandir Hasaud)

Tube well (Kantabanji )

Tube well (Bhimkhoj)

Turbidity NTU 4.8 6.3 7.8 Conductivity mhos - 357.0 288.0 pH 7.6 7.81 7.32 Colour - - - TSS mg/l 48.0 41.0 45.0 TDS mg/l 261 169.0 148.0 Oil & Grease mg/l <0.1 ND ND TH as CaCO3 mg/l 142 94.2 101.8 Calcium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 49.2 32.4 38.2

Magnesium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/ 58.6 61.8 63.6

Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 2.3 2.8 1.9 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 2.3 0.09 1.21 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 0.9 10.5 9.7 Chloride as Cl mg/l 17.6 59.0 64.0 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.05 ND ND Iron as Fe mg/l 0.14 1.32 1.65 Total Chromium mg/l ND ND ND Fluoride as F mg/l 0.72 0.498 0.511

Source: water sample collected & tested

3.1.7.2 Surface water

103. The project districts are drained by a number of rivers, rivulets (0). Majority of them are tributaries (Ong and Tel) of Mahanadi River running east-west of the project corridor. However, none of these rivers flow parallel to the track. They only cut across the existing alignment. There are numerous other water bodies viz. canals, ponds, minor drains etc which are either cutting across or located in the surrounding areas. Their usages are different depending on their type. Canal and river water bodies are mainly being used for irrigation purpose whereas ponds are principally being used for cattle bathing/drinking and washing of clothes by local people. Fishing activity is being done mainly in Mahanadi River. All the surface water bodies go dry in summer except river Mahanadi. In Mahanadi also there is large variation of flow from monsoon to non-monsoon. List of all water bodies nearby and cutting across the project rail section is given in 0.


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Table 3.5 : List of Water Bodies along the Project Corridor

S.No. (Km) Type of Water Bodies

Distance w.r.t the Existing Track (Mtr) S.No. (Km)

Type of Water Bodies

Distance w.r.t the Existing Track (Mtr)

1 3.6 Minor Nala 8 Crossing 32 72.6 Natural Drain Crossing 2 4.2 Minor Nala7 Crossing 33 74.2 Drains LHS (308) 3 6.3 Nala Crossing 34 78.6 Kurar Nadi Crossing 4 8.3 Nala Crossing 35 81.5 Nala Crossing 5 12.2 Nala Crossing 36 83.1 Drain RHS (200) 6 13.1 Sarikheri Talab RHS (180) 37 83.3 Pond LHS (124) 7 13.4 Mindhar Crossing 38 85.3 Pond LHS (254) 8 16.5 Natural Drain Crossing 39 88.6 Drain Crossing 9 17.3 Natural Drain Crossing 40 94.3 Pond RHS(16.8) 10 17.6 Drain Crossing 41 96.1 Pond RHS(48.6) 11 17.8 Drain Crossing 42 98.1 Pond RHS(53.6) 12 18.6 Nala Crossing 43 102 Jonk river Crossing 13 21.2 Nawagoan Nalla Crossing 44 126.3 Jhor Crossing 14 23.1 Natural Drain Crossing 45 131 Pond Crossing 15 25.3 Natural Drain Crossing 46 131.6 Jhor Crossing 16 27.3 Natural Drain Crossing 47 132.6 Jhor Crossing 17 27.3 Nala Crossing 48 134.1 Natural Drain Crossing 18 29.1 Mahanadi Canal Crossing 49 136.5 Chanldia Crossing 19 29.3 Pond RHS(36) 50 141.2 Koruan Jhor Crossing 20 31.3 Nala Crossing 51 143.2 Nala Crossing 21 32.8 Distributary Crossing 52 145.3 Lant nadi Crossing 22 33.1 Drains Crossing 53 147.9 Nadi Crossing 23 38.6 Sakti Nalla Crossing 54 150.6 Kharipani Jhor Crossing 24 40 Nala Crossing 55 151.2 Natural drain Crossing 25 41.4 Nangawan Nala Crossing 56 151.4 Natural Drain Crossing 26 42.5 Mahanadi River Crossing 57 154.3 Ganjadar Jhor Crossing 27 45.8 Pond RHS(230.1) 58 157.1 Rautmunda Crossing 28 49.9 Nala Crossing 59 159.3 Nala Crossing 29 51 Pond LHS(54.1) 161.1 Nala Crossing 30 55.1 Pond LHS (58) 60 162.5 Pond Crossing 31 62.3 Pond LHS (42.6) 61 167.3 Nala Crossing 32 65 Pond LHS(16) 167.4 Nala Crossing 33 69.3 Pond RHS(130.8) 62 167.8 Nala Crossing 34 72.6 Natural Drain Crossing 63 171.2 Pond Crossing

Source: Field Observation


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104. Surface water samples tested and analyzed have been compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Irrigation- Class E and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-D (Appendix 3.4). The results of the samples conforms their suitability for both these purposes. Results of the surface water quality in the project area have been summarized in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6 : Surface Water Quality in the Project Area

Location

Parameters

Mahanadi River

Tel River

Turbidity ,NTU 32 12 Conductivity, mhos 225 258 pH 7.51 7.31 TSS ,mg/l 84.0 45.0 TDS, mg/l 112.0 132 BOD 3 day at 27oC ,mg/l 4.0 2.8 DO, mg/l 7.8 8.8 COD, mg/l 39.0 30.2 Oil & Grease, mg/l 4.0 2.0 TH as CaCO3, mg/l 78.0 62 Calcium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 56.0 41 Magnesium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/ 22.0 21 Sodium as Na mg/l 18.2 9.2 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 0.78 0.66 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 1.33 1.64 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 24.0 18.7 Chloride as Cl mg/l 18.0 32.9 Lead as Pb mg/l ND ND Iron as Fe mg/l 0.95 0.92 Total Chromium mg/l ND ND Fluoride as F mg/l 0.357 0.457 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 1700 170 Faecal Coliform, MPN/100ml 1200 80

Source: Analysis of field samples

3.2. Ecological Resources 3.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 3.2.1.1 Forests

105. There is no national park, wild life sanctuary, tiger reserve, bird sanctuary, elephant reserve or any other similar eco-sensitive areas in the project area. However, there some Reserve Forests (RFs) and secondary forests along the project area. Some of them are also being bisected by railway track.

106. The forest areas along railway stretch in the State of Orissa fall under Bolangir (West) forests divisions under the Orissa Forest Department.


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The forest in the State of Chhattisgarh in the Project location is under the forest division of North Raipur.

107. Brief Characteristics of the forests in Chhattisgarh state: The forest areas falling in the state of the Chhattisgarh are under North Raipur Forest Division which is further being controlled and managed by two forest ranges i.e. Raipur and Mahasamund forest Ranges. The forest of this division is dominated by tropical dry deciduous forests.

108. The forests under the Raipur division harbours Tiger, leopard, sloth bear, Indian fox, Indian Pangolin, wild dog, Common langur, Rhesus macaque, Gaur, Spotted deer, Sambar, Muntijac etc. No definite path was found to be followed by these animals during their movement to cross the railway track. Presence of faunal elements and dense vegetation near the track is very low. The railway track traverses through the Tumgaon RF from Km.56-59, Khalari RF from Km. 71-73, Raintal RF from Km. 74- Km.75 and Patherpali RF from Km.77- Km.78 under the Forest Department of Chhattisgarh.

109. In Mahasamund forest range, railway track traverse through the Tumgoan RF at Ch. 56.32 km, Khalari RF at Ch. 72.6 Km, Raital RF at 74.89 Km and passing nearby to Hathigarh RF near Ch. 78.6 Km.

110. Brief Characteristics of the forests in Orissa state: In Orissa, the forest areas along which the sub-project section passes or located close to it falls under Khariar and Bolangir (west) forest divisions. The forest type is mainly tropical dry deciduous.

111. In the Khariar Forest division, railway track traverse through the Bender- II RF from Ch. Km152.2 to Km. 152.4, Ganjadhar RF from Ch. Km. 152.7- Km. 153.9. Forest nearby the track is Meratal RF near Ch. Km132.1 and Chandil RF near Ch. Km 139.8.

112. The railway track in Bolangir (West) Forest Division traverses through Ramor RF (Km. 160.1) and Lamthota RF(Km 163.8)

113. The entire sub project area passes through ten RFs as listed in Table 3.7. Plate 3.1 to Plate 3.4 shows some of the forest areas through which the present rail section passes/located nearby.

Table 3.7 : Reserved Forests along the Project Area S. No. Forest Division Reserved Forest Ch. (Km) Nature of Presence

1 Mahasamund Tumgaon RF 56.2 Bisected by the track 2 Mahasamund Khalari RF 73.2 Bisected by the track 3 Mahasamund Raital RF 74.2 Bisected by the track 4 Mahasamund Hathigarh RF 78.6 Near the track 5 Khariar Forest Meratal RF 132.1 Near the track 6 Khariar Forest Chandil RF 139.8 Near the track 7 Khariar Forest Bender II RF 152.2 Bisected by the track 8 Khariar Forest Ganjadhar RF 157.7 Bisected by the track 9 Bolangir (West) Ramor RF 160.1 Near the track 10 Bolangir (West) Lamthota RF 163.8 Near the track


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Plate 3.1: Railway Track passing through Khalari

Reserved forest Plate 3.2 Railway Track passing through Bendre-II

Reserved forest

Plate 3.3 Railway section passing through Raital Reserved forest

Plate 3.4 Railway track passing through Bender II Reserved forest

3.2.1.1 Important Faunal Elements

114. The wildlife in the forests of the project districts are Tiger (Panthera tigris), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra), Sambar (Cervus unicolar),Chital (Axis axis),Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak),Indian Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta), Common Langur (Presbytis entellus), Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Common Otter (Lutra lutra), Indian Porcupine (Hytrix indica), Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) etc.

115. The study establishes presence of 33 mammalian fauna (Appendix 3.5), 24 reptiles (Appendix 3.6) and 15 amphibian (Appendix 3.7) species. Of the above mammalian species found in the forested area of both the state of Orissa and Chhattisgarh, five species belongs to the


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schedule I species (Table 3.8) under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. In reptilian fauna, Indian python is categorised as Schedule I. However, no habitat of wild animals including endangered species was found in the project areas.

Table 3.8 : List of Endangered Mammals in the Forests Areas Common Name Scientific Name Category Criteria IWL(P),1973 Asian Elephant Elephas maximus EN EN A1 cd Schedule I Royal Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris EN ENC2a (i) Schedule I Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus VU VU A2 cd, C1 +2 a Schedule I Indian Giant Squirrel Retufa indica VU VU B1 + 2c Schedule I Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata LR/nt LR/nt Schedule I

EN: Endangered, VU: Vulnerable, LR/nt: Low risk/near threatened

116. The area is rich in the diversity of the avifauna as compared to the other faunal groups due to presence of water bodies and rivulets which attract the water birds and waders mostly along with the other forest birds. During the study period, 106 avian fauna were encountered in the forest areas of Orissa state and 137 avian species in the state of Chhattisgarh of which only one species is Schedule I i.e. Redheaded Vulture (Sacrocogyps calvus) under the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. The Red Headed Vulture was not observed in the project area.

3.2.1.2 Migratory Routes of Terrestrial Fauna

117. Though the railway tracks are bisecting reserve forests at some locations but no definite migratory routes of terrestrial fauna along/across the railway track were found. Species like Wild boar, Small Cat species like Fox, wild dog crosses the railway track during the wee hours in the night though not frequently. Further, these animals do not follow any definite route/path to cross the railway track.

3.2.1.3 Floral elements in the project area

118. Important floral species in the project area are Buchanania lanzan, Terminalia arjuna, Mangifera indica, Emblica offcinalis, Tamarindus indica, Ficus hispida, Dillenia pentagyna, Bridelia retusa, Milusa tomentosa, Albizzia lebbek, Careya arborea, Sterculia urens,Schleichera oleosa, Garuga pinnata, Limonia acidissinca, Mitragyna parviflolia, Acacia catechu, Gmelina arborea, Ficus glomerata, Albizzia odoratissima, Holoptelea integrifolia, Syzyzium cumini, Oroxylum indicum, Lannea coromandelica, Ougeinia oojeinensis, Cedrela toona, Diospyros melanoxylon, Cordia macleodii, Dalbergia latifolia, Albizzia procera, Tectona grandis, Terminalia tomentosa, Shorea robusta, Boswellia serrata, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Salmalia malabarica, Ficus tomentosa, Radermachera xylocarpa, Terminalia chebula, Adina cordifolia etc. None of the above floral species fall under endangered category as per Botanical Survey of India. The floral density is low near the project area. A comprehensive list including trees, shrubs, climbers and


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pteridophytes/ ferns of floral species of the study area has been appended as Appendix 3.9.

3.2.1.4 Trees along Railway line

119. Tree enumeration was done along the track within proposed ROW (13 meter) from the edge of the existing track w.r.t proposed alignment. The survey recorded altogether 11,634 trees (Table 3.9). Maximum tree affected are in between Km. 145 – Km. 185.

Table 3.9 : Approximate No. of Trees within 15 meter from the Existing Alignment

S. No. Km. (TP) Side (LHS/RHS) No. of Trees within 15 meter 1 0.00 – 25.00 Both Side 116 2 25.01- 50.00 Both Side 452 3 50.01 – 75.00 Both Side 1454 4 75.01 – 100.00 Both Side 1454 5 100.01- 125.00 Both Side 639 6 125.01 – 150.00 Both Side 973 7 150.01 – 175.00 Both Side 4068 8 175.01 – 202.80 Both Side 3905

Total 11,634 Note: The above no. is approximate since the tree counting was done through quadrat method at select and dense but accessible areas and through repeat observations from passenger trains for non accessible areas

120. Some of important trees that are present within 15m from the exiting track are Shorea robusta, Mitragyna parvifolia, Hespenthusa alata, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Caryota urens, Terminalia hebula, Anogeisus latifolia, Adina cordifolia, Boswellia serrata, Lannea coromandelica, Diospyros sylvatica, Pterocarpus marsupium, Terminalia alata, Ougenia oojenesis, Papilionaceae (Fabaceae),Cleistanthus collinus, Buchanania lanzen, Callicarpa macrophylla, Cassia fistula, Terminalia arjuna, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Acacia auriculiformis, Ficus glomerata,Syzygium cuminii, Albizia procera ,Trewia nudiflora, Dalbergia sissoo, Vitex penduncularis,Mangifera indica, Saraca asoca, Eucalyptus spp., Listia glutinosa, Acacia catechu, Sterculia villosa,Careya arborea ,and Bombax ceiba.

121. A total of 80 species of trees were found within the corridor of impact. The number of the trees of each species was also enumerated within 15 meter width on each side of the railway track. Species wise tree details have been appended as Appendix 3.9.

3.2.2. Aquatic Ecology 3.2.2.1 Fisheries activity in the Project Area

122. All the four districts of the project area are in the drought region of the Orissa and Chhattisgarh, hence major fish culture was neither observed nor reported in the subproject areas. The fish density is very low in rivers and other water bodies due to which fish catching is not


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economical in these water bodies. Natural fish production was found in the Mahanadi River, Jonk River, Mahanadi canal and Kulhan nala.

123. Major fish species found in the project districts are Wallagonia attu, Glossogobius giuris, Ailla coha, Catla catla, Ophiocephalus gachua, Notopterus chitala, Esomus dandrica, Labeo bata, Ophiocephalus punctatus, Hilsa ilisa, Pangasius pangasius, Chela argentea, Ailla coha, Myotus cavasius, Barbus ambassis, Anabas testudineus, Clarius batrachus, Cirrhina mrigala, Amblypharyngodon mola, Gobiopterus chuno, Callichrous bimaculatus, Notopterus, Cirrhina reba, Labeo rohita, Barbus serana, Ophiocephalus striatus, Heterophneustes fossilis, Mastacombelus armatus. The fish species in the project influence area has been summarised in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10 Fish Species found in Water bodies close to the Project Area

S. No

Locations Species Name

Mahanadi River

Jonk River

Kulhan Nala

Mahanadi main canal

1 Wallago attu + + 2 Glossogobius giuris + + + 3 Ailla colia + + + 4 Catla catla + + 5 Cirrhinus mrigala + 6 Labeo rohita + + 7 Ophiocephalus gachua + + + + 8 Notopterus chitala + 9 Esomus dandrica + + + +

10 Labeo bata + 11 Ophiocephalus punctatus + + + 12 Hilsa ilisa + + 13 Pangasius pangasius + + + 14 Chela argentea + + + + 15 Myotus cavasius + + 16 Barbus ambassis + + 17 Anabas testudinus + + + + 18 Clarius batrachus + + 19 Cirrhina mrigala + + 20 Amblypharyngodon mola + + + + 21 Gobiopterus chuno + + + 22 Callichrous bimaculatus + + 23 Notopterus notopterus + + + 24 Cirrhina reba + + + 25 Labeo rohita + + + + 26 Barbus serana + + + 27 Ophiocephalus striatus + 28 Heterophneustes fossilis + + 29 Mastacombelus armatus + + 30 Heteropneusris fossilis + + +


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3.2.2.2 Faunal Behaviour Pattern

124. Though the freshwater areas under the present project area are devoid of very high density of aquatic fauna still the fish species present are very much dependent on the water bodies as habitat and breeding ground. Except fishes the fauna like crustaceans, mollusks, and amphibian’s area also dependent on these water bodies for the purpose of breeding, habitat and feeding. During the pre-monsoon and monsoon season these water bodies’ are used by the fishes and the amphibian for their breeding purposes.

3.2.2.3 Migratory Route of Aquatic Fauna

125. Nearly all the fishes found in the above rivers and its tributaries are local migrants in nature and use any portion of river for that purpose. Therefore, in no way this type of migration will be disturbed during the construction of the railway track proposed with the bridges over the rivers. However high level of siltation in the Mahanadi River may disturb the natural upstream and downstream movement of the aquatic fauna.

3.2.2.4 Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others

126. No such eco-sensitivity areas, protected area, restricted area others were found in the sub project area.

3.3. Economic Development 127. The gross domestic product (GDP) of Chhattisgarh has grown 9.41

percent and its per capita income stands at Rs.25, 321 in 2007-08, about 80 percent of the total population of Chhattisgarh depends on agriculture. Wheat, paddy, maize and groundnut are the major crops produced in the region. Chhattisgarh is also rich in mineral resources and about 20 percent of the country’s steel and cement are produced here. Chhattisgarh has large supply of power which can be easily transmitted to any of the four grids of India. About 90 percent of the villages in Chhattisgarh have been electrified.

128. The Orissa economy has registered state domestic product (SDP) growth rate of 7.26% during the first four years of the 10th Plan period against the targeted rate of 6.2%. This robust growth is attributed to an 11.3% of growth achieved by the industry and minerals sector. The share of the manufacturing and minerals sector, which was 19.03% of the NSDP in 1993-94, has increased to about 24.17% of the National Strategic Development Program (NSDP) by the end of the fourth year of the 10th Plan (2005-06). With influx of huge capex by the large industrial houses in the core infrastructure sector, Orissa is witnessing a rapid rise of 11.5% in income distribution Rs14, 795 per capita incomes. Many facets of economic development of the state and project districts have been discussed in subsequent sections.


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3.3.1. Industries 129. Along the project section, there are not many industries (Table 3.11)

except for a few steel Industries in the Raipur area and rice mills at different stations en-route. Since the line passes through a major rice producing area, Food Corporation of India also have godowns at different locations.

Table 3.11 : Major Industries along the Project Corridor

S. No. Name of Industry Item of Production Location 1 Jindal Steel Steel Mandir Hasaud 2 HPCL Petroleum Products Mandir Hasaud 3 Monnet Ispat and Steel Ltd Steel/coal Mandir Hasaud 4 FCI Food Grains(Rice) Kantabanji 5 FCI Food Grains(Rice) Khariar Road 6 FCI Food Grains(Rice) Titlagarh 7 Gkw limited Steel Titlagarh

Source: Identified During Field Survey

3.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities 3.3.2.1 Transportation

130. In Chhattisgarh, the total length of the roads in the State is 35,388.54 km. The length of the national highways is 1,827.30 km, state highways constitute 3,611 km, district roads are 2,118 km and rural roads are 27,566 km. Total railway route length is 1,053 km.

131. Orissa has a well developed road network, with a total road length of around 2, 37,332 km. This includes 3,595 km of National highway; 5,102 km of State highway; 29 km of State express highway; 3,189 km of major district roads; 6,334 km of other district roads; 27,882 km of rural roads. Rest are under urban roads. Orissa is well-connected with the national rail network also. It has a railway route of 2,287 km. The transport infrastructure in the project districts has been summarized below in Table 3.12.

Table 3.12 Transport infrastructure in the Project Districts

Particulars Raipur Mahasamund Nawapara Bolangir National Highway 151.4 222.00 97 174 State Highway 442.75 49.00 142 108 Major District Road 97.8 105.8 113 126 Other District Road 4263.58 2038.76 141 189

Source: Census, 1991, 2001

3.3.3. Land use 132. Land use Pattern within 200m: Land use on either side from the

centre of the existing track has been delineated based on the strip mapping done during field survey supported by Survey of India toposheet. The land use along the project corridor is predominantly


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agricultural approximately 38%) and barren land (approximately 15% mostly within railway right-of-way). Rest of the area is shared by forests and rocky land, settlement and water bodies. Figure 3.3 provides the land use along the project rail section.

38%

15%

25%

12%

10%Arable

Barren land

Forest& hilly tract

Water Bodies

Residential & commercialand others

Figure 3.3 : Graphical Representation of Land Use

3.3.4. Power Sources and Transmission 133. The total capacity of Chhattisgarh is 1,381.05 MW, out of which the

thermal power share is 1,260 MW and rest is hydel power. The state government has introduced a very pro-active power policy under which the public sector represented by the Chhattisgarh state electricity board, as well as the private sector have well defined roles to play. Around 93% of villages of Chhattisgarh have been electrified.

134. Orissa is one of the highest per capita power generating states in the country, quite higher than national average. The total installed capacity for electric power generation in the State is 5751.5MW, as on March 31, 2007. Out of which thermal power contributes 3890 MW whereas, hydropower plant generates 1861.5 MW. Nearly 85% of the villages in the project districts are electrified. District wise break-up has been provided in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13 :No. and % of Electrified Villages S. No. District No. of Villages % of Village Electrified 1 Raipur 2,124 92.0 2 Mahasamund 1,111 96.1 3 Nawapara 648 56.6 4 Bolangir 1657 99.8

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa and Chhattisgarh

3.3.5. Agriculture 135. The Chhattisgarh and Orissa have a cultivated area (net area sown +

current fallow) of 5.8 and 6.4 m. ha. As against Geographical area of


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13.6 m. ha and 15.5 m. ha respectively. The gross cropped area of both states is 4.7 and 8.4 million ha respectively and the cropping intensity is 119% and 139%.

136. In the project districts, Kharif is the main cropping season and rice is the principal crop during kharif season. Cropping during Rabi season is mainly confined to irrigated areas. The other crops are sugarcane, maize, wheat, potatoes, Mung etc. Bolangir being in the rain shadow zone and due to lack of irrigation facilities has one of the lowest agricultural produce in the state (Table 3.14).

Table 3.14 : Total Production of Different Crops Dist./ State Paddy Wheat Maize Mung Ground

Nut Potato Sugar Cane

Bolangir 926040 3448 2184 9063 15412 4147 184990

Nawapara 64763 486 2761 15601 7162 162 4421

Mahasamund 487200 4700 1600 9200 - -

Raipur 558000 123500 3130 39700 - -

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Chhattisgarh and Orissa 3.3.6. Minerals

137. Occupying an important position on the country's map, Orissa's rich mineral reserves constitute 28% Iron ore, 24% coal, 59% Bauxite and 98% Chromites of India's total deposits. Chhattisgarh contain 23% Iron and highest number of limestone deposits. Both state’s comparative advantage on this account has attracted the attention of many mining and metallurgical companies. Minerals found in project districts are mainly Graphite, Limestone and Quartz etc. A list of mines of different ore/mineral deposits in the project district is given in Table 3.15.

Table 3.15 : List of Operational Mines in the Project Districts Sr. No Districts Graphite limestone Manganese Quartz Gold- Tin Total

1 Nawapara 2 3 0 0 0 5 2 Bolangir 67 1 1 6 0 75 3 Mahasamund 3 2 0 0 3 8 4 Raipur 0 8 2 8 2 20 Total 72 14 3 14 5 108 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa and Chhattisgarh

3.3.7. Tourism 138. The project districts are endowed with a no. of tourist destinations

varying from religious sites, heritage, wildlife and scenic spots etc. Important tourist destinations of the project districts have been listed below in Table 3.16.


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Table 3.16 : List of Important Tourist Spots in the Project Districts Project Districts

Name of the Tourist Places

Bolangir Bolangir, Gaikhai M.I.P., Harishankar, Jogisarada, Patnagarh, Ranipur-Jharial, Saintala and Turekela.

Nawapara Budhikomna ,Nawapara District Headquarters, Patalaganga, Patora, Sindursil, Thipakhol, Yogimatha

Mahasamund Sirpur, Anand Prabhu Kudi Vihar, Swastik Vihar, Gandheswar and Laxman Temple

Raipur Rajim, Champaranya, .Sirpur, Lakshaman temple, Barnawapara, Ravishankar dam, Arang, Seetanadi, Nandanvan, Sihava, Girodhpuri

Source: State Tourism Departments

3.4. Social and Cultural Resources 3.4.1. Population and Communities

139. The total population of Chhattisgarh is 20,806,002 persons as per Census, 2001. The decennial growth rate of population of the state is 18.06 % as comparison to 1991 census which is 3% less than the total India growth rate. The sex ratio is 989, Chhattisgarh having the 20.08 % urban population of India.

140. The total population of Orissa is 36,804,660 persons as per the results of the Census of India, 2001. The decennial growth rate of population of Orissa during 1991-01 was 16.25% as against 20.06% in the previous decade. The sex ratio in the State marginally increased from 971 in 1991 to 972 in 2001 as compared to the all India average, which increased from 927 to 933 during the same period. The density of population, which was 203 persons per sq km in 1991, increased to 236 per sq km in 2001. The urban population of 13.38% in 1991 increased to 14.47 % in 2001. The total population with rural-urban and male-female bifurcation, density and total scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population as per census of India, 2001 has been summarised for all project districts has been summarised in Table 3.17.

Table 3.17 : Demographic Profile of the Project Districts State/ District Population % to total

Population % to total Population

Total Density Male% Female % Rural Urban SC ST Raipur 3,016,930 154 50.5 49.5 69.58 30.42 16.17 12.11 Mahasamund 860,257 180 49.6 50.4 88.64 11.36 12.13 27.03 Nawapara 530,690 138 49.8 50.2 94.3 5.7 13.62 34.71 Bolangir 1,337,194 203 50.40 49.60 89.97 10.03 15.39 22.06 Source: Census of India, 2001


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3.4.2. Health Facilities 141. Medical facilities in project districts are not satisfactory except Raipur,

being the capital of Chhattisgarh. Number of Community health Centre is almost similar in all the project districts with lowest no. in Nawapara. PHC is highest in Raipur followed by Bolangir. Ayurvedic and Homeopathic centre is highest in Raipur. Medical facilities in Nawapara are very poor in comparision to other three districts. District wise health facilities in the project districts have been listed in Table 3.18.

Table 3.18 : Health Facilities in the Project Districts Dist. /State

Community Health Center

Primary Health Centre

Sub Health Centre

Ayurvedic Hospital

Homeopathic Health Centre

Raipur 6 46 537 58 34 Mahasamund 5 15 149 6 13 Nawapara 3 17 96 4 1 Bolangir 5 29 6 13 14 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa and Chhattisgarh 3.4.3. Education Facilities and Literacy

142. The overall literacy rate in Chhattisgarh and Orissa has increased to 65.18% and 63.1% as per 2001 census. Among the project districts, Raipur has the highest literacy rate of 72% being the capital of state followed by Mahasamund (70%), Bolangir 54.93 % and lowest in Nawapara as 42.29%. This is somewhat contrary to the available primary schools being second highest in Bolangir. Number and level of educational institutes in the state and project districts has been provided in Table 3.19.

Table 3.19 : Educational Facilities in the Project Districts District Primary School Middle School Secondary School Colleges Literacy % Nawapara 759 650 115 14 42 Mahasamund 1237 225 62 7 70 Raipur 2652 1464 193 36 72 Bolangir 1933 389 205 63 54.93

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa and Chhattisgarh 3.4.4. Socio-Economic Conditions

143. The work participation rate (%) of the of all the project districts ranging from 41.46% to 63.33% which is quite higher than that of the state’s figure. The economy of the project districts is primarily agricultural which is supported by the fact that cultivators and agricultural labourers together constitute significantly in all districts. Table 3.20 delineates district wise break-up for different category of workers.


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Table 3.20 : Different Category of Workers in the State and Project Districts.

State/District % of

cultivators to main workers

% of agriculture labor to main

worker

% of main worker to

population

% of total worker to total population

Bolangir 44.31 17.92 32.19 37.53 Nawapara 63.33 85.95 53.83 46.04 Mahasamund 57.07 58.09 73.08 47.86 Raipur 41.46 41.32 76.02 41.91 Source: Census of India, 2001

3.4.5. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples 144. Tribal population in the project area is mainly concentrated near

forested areas. These populations are dependent on the forest resources both for the primary purpose such as fodder, fuel wood, housing material and also for commercial purposes. They support their livelihood from forest resources by harvesting the gum & resin yielding flora species like Terminali tomentosa, Sterculia urens, Lannea cormandelica, Pterocarpus marsupium, shorea robusta. Boswellia serrata etc and collecting Kendu leaf for commercial purpose invariably in all the regions of the forests.

3.4.6. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance 145. There is no such site of significance in the close vicinity of the project

area.


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4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES

146. Environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project area, nature and extent of the proposed activities. Suitable approach and methodology was adopted to ascertain likely impacts both during\design and construction and operation stage. Description of all possible impact has been addressed vis-à-vis environmental components. Some of the important Impacts associated with operational aspect of the railway viz. maintenance of right-of-way, forest fires, fuel management, waste and wastewater, occupational health and safety has been also separately discussed. Adequate mitigation measures have been devised to avoid/minimise all likely environmental impacts.

4.1. Impact on Physical Environment 4.1.1. Climate

147. Short term impact in terms of minor increase in temperature is anticipated in the immediate vicinity of the alignment due to cutting of trees. As per field assessment about 11,634 trees are present out of which all need not have to be cut since the proposed doubling will be accommodated within 5-6 m from the toe of the existing alignment.

Design and Construction Phase

148. Water logging or flood may damage the track if due consideration not given in the areas identified as low lying or in high flood risk zone. Incidence of water logging near Mandir Hasaud, Lakholi and Muribahl stations needs to be prevented.

149. The maximum possible efforts have been made for minimizing cutting of the trees while finalising the alignment. Compensatory tree plantation to be undertaken as per prevailing guidelines of State’s forest department. A minimum of 1:3 criteria to be followed for tree plantation. The contractor will be responsible for planting them or RVNL will get them planted through the forest department for which necessary cost (approximately Rs. 17,451,000.00 @ Rs. 500 per tree) will be borne by RVNL. Besides, additional plantation shall be made in station areas and river banks.

Mitigation Measures

150. The doubling of existing single line will significantly reduce the load on existing road particularly in bulk freight transport resulting in reduced fuel consumption

Operation Stage

4

4 With specific energy consumption of 8 and 21 tonnes of oil equivalent per million tonne kilometer for the rail and road sectors respectively, the energy efficiency of both these systems is automatically compared.

. The reduced fuel consumption will decrease the CO2 emission considerably, one of the major contributor to the global warming. It is estimated that about 98 tonnes per day GHG can be


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saved due to this project. The detailed calculations are given in Appendix 4.1.

151. As per the traffic projection 5043672 tonnes of materials (cement, coal, fertiliser, finished steel, mineral, petroleum products etc) are likely to be transported in the very first year of operation of extra track. This would mean movement of additional train (4.68 or 5) per day.

152. No additional climatic changes/impacts are anticipated during operation stage.

153. Plantation of additional trees will not only create additional sink for GHG (CO2) reduction but also contribute in improving the overall environmental conditions in immediate vicinity. Adequate steps therefore shall be taken to ensure survival of these trees.

Mitigation Measures

4.1.2. Air Quality

154. Air quality may be affected for short duration in and around the construction site due to various construction activities and vehicular movement. The pollutants of primary concern include SPM and RSPM. The main activities /sources of pollutant are likely to be:


• Dust during construction of formation (rail bed) and stations, bridge and other facilities.

• Dust generation from vehicular movement on unpaved roads and due to fast movement

• Dust generation from hill cutting, and ballasting operation. • Dust generation due to construction materials viz earth, sand,

ballasts, cement transportation and handling viz loading, unloading, storage, & use

• Dust generation due to existing structures demolition activities and debris disposal

• Gaseous emission from construction vehicles and machinery movement

• Gaseous emissions from hot mix plants

155. The dust (the suspended particulate matter) is likely to settle down within a short distance of its generation point being coarser in nature. Therefore, impact will be temporary and restricted within the closed vicinity of the construction activities.

156. It is important to mention that there is no habitation nearby the probable blasting site. Moreover, all the blasting sites are already vegetated. Hence, minimum impact on air quality is anticipated due to blasting. No impact is anticipated due to any other activity like crushing, sleeper manufacturing etc. since no crushing unit is either proposed under the project as ballast will be procured directly from quarry/crushing unit and readymade sleepers will be outsourced.


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157. Hot mix plant is likely to be installed at 2-3 locations for few days. This will generate carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydrocarbon, sulphur di-oxide, particulate matters, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. This may affect the air quality of near by areas especially due to emission discharge from low height stack.

• Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be covered.

Mitigation Measures

• Loading and unloading of construction materials likely to generate fugitive emission, shall be done in covered area or provisions of water fogging arrangement may be made around these areas.

• Storage areas should be located downwind of the habitation area. • Water shall be sprayed on earthworks, on a regular basis. During and

after compaction of the sub-grade, water shall be sprayed at regular intervals to prevent dust generation. Sprinkling of water on other dust prone areas and construction yard shall also be done.

• Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment. Vehicular pollution check shall be made mandatory.

• Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 1 km downwind of the human settlements. The asphalt plants, crushers (if required) and the batching plants shall be sited at least 500m in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement and that too only after receiving a No-Objection Certificate from the SPCB. Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases.

• Ambient air quality monitoring should be carried out during construction phase. If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken.

• Water sprinkling of unpaved haulage roads. • Controlled blasting shall be done in hill cutting areas. All explosives

shall be handled as per applicable regulation, and it should be well informed to the neighbourhood area.

• Trees shall be planted around the construction sites as well and all efforts shall be made to minimise cutting of existing trees around such sites.

• Mask and other PPE shall be provided to the construction workers • Diesel Generating sets shall be fitted with adequate height as per

regulations (Height of stack = height of the building + 0.2 √ KVA). • Low sulphur diesel shall be used in DG sets as well as machineries.

158. Loading and unloading of material at station yards shall create substantial fugitive dust generation. Movement of trucks at yard shall generate dust especially due to spill over and settled material at the platforms and around. However, these impacts will be localised.

Operation Phase


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159. Movement of diesel locomotive will also generate additional emissions however that will be minimal and vastly spread.

160. Continued storage of minerals like iron ore, alumina and petroleum products or spillages of these materials on an unpaved surface of the yard and around may cause soil, ground water pollution and air (lighter particles which becomes airborne during high winds) pollution like at Mandir Hasaud and Raipur Station.

161. Specific guidelines shall be formulated for material handling practices (particularly for loading and unloading) of the materials. Instruction defining precautions like:

Mitigation Measures

• Avoiding practices of throwing of the bag while unloading from racks and load to trucks.

• The spill over material shall be collected immediately after unloading and will be recycled.

• Use of enclosed cars or covering of open cars used to carry minerals and grains to reduce fugitive dust emissions.

162. The unloading area shall be paved. Feasibility of mechanical sweeper and loading and unloading option may also be explored. Thick plantation shall be carried out around unloading areas to prevent spread of fugitive dusts.

163. The workers shall be provided with masks and other Personal protective equipments (PPEs)

164. Though there is insignificant pollution from diesel locomotive movement, however following improvement measures shall be adopted to minimise air pollution and also increase energy efficiency:

• Use of no-emission and energy efficient locomotives. • Use of low sulphur diesel, • Scheduled substitutions or re-powering of existing fleets. • Optimization of the running time with efficient operation schedules. • Decreasing wind resistance by grouping inter-modal loads with rail

cars of height similar to the containers and filling empty slots with empty containers, covering of freight cars, installing fairings on bogies of high speed trains and acquisition of new rolling stock with low wind resistance.

165. The electrification is also an effective option but is costs intensive. In long run this option shall also be explored.

4.1.3. Noise and Vibration

166. Ambient noise level may increase marginally due to construction activities, maintenance workshops and vehicles & earthmoving equipment in the nearby areas particularly around industrial area like



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Mandir Hasaud and commercial areas near Raipur, Kantabanji, Mahasamund and Titlagarh railway station where noise levels are already higher then the prescribed limits. However this increase may be negligible or marginal as source noise will be lesser or equal to the existing noise levels. The expected increase at a distance of 100 m with the source noise of 70 dB (A) is likely to be of the order of only 3 dB (A). The noise level during construction may increase at Sensitive locations located close to railway line. Rural areas/other inhabited areas are away from railway line and are unlikely to have any increase in ambient noise level due to construction activities.

167. Hill cutting activity shall increase impulsive noise and vibration level substantially in the nearby areas. Since hill cutting locations are away from inhabited areas this impact is expected to be insignificant.

• Blasting when required shall be restricted to daytime only. All the statutory laws, regulations, rules etc, pertaining to procurement, transport, storage, handling and use of explosives shall be strictly followed. Blasting schedules shall be carried out as per pre announced scheduled which shall be also displayed in advance in areas where residents may be affected by the blasting operations. Structures if any that may potentially be affected by blasting shall be identified in advance and strengthening measures may be applied to the structures before blasting.

Mitigation Measures

• Stationary noise making equipments shall be placed along un-inhabited stretches.

• Provision of temporary noise barrier shall be made near sensitive locations like schools. If temporary noise barriers are not feasible then regulate construction activity and timing so as the impact intensity is minimised.

• Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) shall be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines during Constructions.

• Construction equipment and machinery shall be fitted with silencers and maintained properly.

• Provision shall be made for soil compaction and sand pockets near vibration prone areas.

• The sections passing through forest areas shall be declared as silence zone. In forest areas, noise should be controlled by regulating construction activities and their timings, no heavy constructions should be allowed in the forest areas.

• Noise measurements should be regularly carried out along the track to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

• All equipment shall be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its operational noise.


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168. During the operational phase train movement is the prime source of noise and vibration. The train movement will result in impulsive increase in vibration and nearby ambient noise levels. However with limited number of train movement the impulsive noise peaks will be low and within the acceptable limits. Since there is very less loose soil area, impact due to vibration along the stretch will be minimum. Further, the hilly areas through which the rail track is passing and which can be favourable media for propagation of vibration is devoid of habitation. The noise level though at nearby schools, religious place may be disturbing. Some of the noise sensitive locations identified during field visit are Raipur city area, Railway colony near ch. Km 35.6, settlement areas near Mahasamund Railway Station, near Ch. Km 52.5, near Baghbahara Station, Khariar Road, Harishankar road and Rahenbheta.

Operation Phase

• Option of solid acoustic barriers shall be explored at noise sensitive locations.

Mitigation Measures

• Speed limitation in vibration and noise sensitive location. • Construct the rail line using long welded track to minimise the number

of joints. • Bring legislative intervention to restrict any construction within 100 m

of both side of the track. • Create awareness amongst the resident living or planning to construct

the house close to the track about possible options to reduce any effect of noise and vibration due to train movement, on the building.

• Provision of sand pockets in loose soil area will reduce impact of vibration significantly.

4.1.4. Impact on Land and Soil 4.1.4.1 Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use

169. Loss of productive soil and change in land use is anticipated only at borrow areas since no additional land is required for the project. The doubling will be accommodated within available RoW.


170. Borrow areas to the extent possible will be identified at wasteland/unproductive land. The top soil from the productive land shall be preserved and reuse for plantation purposes, or rehabilitation of borrow areas .

Mitigation Measures


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4.1.4.2 Land Slides and Soil Erosion

171. Mahanadi river basin through which the entire subproject track traverse is known for its good erosion potential but it is limited to its deltaic region which is far downstream from the project area before falling in Bay of Bengal. Moreover, neither Mahanandi River nor its tributaries flows along the project corridor. They are only cutting across the railway line. The inhabited areas are also protected through protective Bunds. Therefore no soil erosion of rail bed is anticipated.

172. Soil erosion is mainly anticipated in the (i) Hill cutting sections, provided in the Table 4.1 (ii) Major bridge approaches: Mahanadi, Tel and other rivers crossings, (iii) wherever clearance of vegetation is required for site preparation, (iv) proposed earth stock piles locations and borrow pits areas (v) Track embankment. The intensity of soil erosion at different locations will be influenced by the lithology, topography, soil type and climatic condition (mainly rainfall) and drainage pattern.

Table 4.1 :Location of Cutting sections in the Project Area Sr. No Chainage (Km.) Side of Cutting

1 57-58 RHS 2 66-70 RHS 3 73-79 Both Side 4 81-82 Both Side 5 85-88 Both Side 6 89-92 Both Side 7 112-113 LHS 8 113-115 Both Side 9 123-128 Both Side

10 132-137 Both Side 11 141-144 Both Side 12 147-153 LHS 13 163-164 LHS 14 172-175 LHS 15 176-180 Both Side 17 195-196 RHS

173. Scouring and erosion of river bank slopes though is anticipated during bridge construction.

• Scouring protection structures shall be built at river bank slopes. If required, the banks shall be protected by geo-textiles matting. If banks are damaged, the same shall be repaired immediately after completion of construction activity.

Mitigation Measures

• Avoiding construction work at erosion prone location during Monsoon.


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• Providing cross drainage structure shall be provided to maintain the natural drainage pattern.

• Provision of side drain to guide the water to natural outfalls. • Stone pitching of embankments wherever necessary. • Ballast/earth available from cutting shall be used for filling, as

construction of access road, stations and embankments. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. The surface of the slope shall be stabilized as necessary, prior to seeding.

• Turfing of embankment slopes shall be along the stretch. Provision shall be made for slope protection frames, dry stone pitching, and masonry retaining walls as may be required.

• All steep cuts both in hard rock areas and unconsolidated soil shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted immediately in loose soil area.

• Soil erosion should be visually checked on slopes and high embankment areas during construction phase. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures should be taken to control the soil erosion.

174. Soil near low lying areas and near bridge approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation. Soil erosion condition may if borrow area are not stabilized/restored properly.

Operation Phase

• Monitoring of rehabilitation plan of borrow areas in tune with proposed rehabilitation plan as appended in Appendix 4.2.

Mitigation Measures

• Regular monitoring of side-drains and cross drainage structures to check blockage.

• Periodic checking shall be carried out to assess the effectiveness of stabilization measures viz. turfing, stone pitching etc. taken during construction phase. A detailed inventorization and study to assess the location, reasons of soil erosion along the embankment during operation phase shall be taken up. Suitable strengthening measures shall be taken to prevent reoccurrence of soil erosion at existing erosion prone locations and prevent erosion at newer locations.

4.1.4.3 Borrow Areas and Quarries

175. The topography of the project area is mainly covered by Central Plains in the upper sections and rolling uplands in lower parts of project sections, which consists of medium grained hard soil particularly red moorum which is favourable for formation. Majority of earth will be borrowed from government. wasteland and comparatively elevated and less productive privately owned farm-land. All local farmers consulted during field visit were ready to provide earth from their field up to certain depth on adequate compensation. However, any uncontrolled borrowing may result in loss of productive soil.


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176. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition. Ballast material is proposed to be procured only from existing and approved quarries in the area. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due to the proposed project. There is no. of ballast manufacturing units in the area. The list of identified borrow areas and quarries is given in Table 2.6

• Borrow pits shall be selected from wasteland at least 500m away from the track.

Mitigation Measures

• Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed.

• Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to lower the level of the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level.

• No private/fertile land acquisition shall be done for borrow areas. Borrow pits shall not be selected nearby the settlement.

• Priority shall be given to the borrowing from humps/upland/mounds resulting from the digging of well and lowering of agricultural fields in vicinity of the track above the general ground level.

• The depths in borrow pits to be regulated so that the sides shall l not be steeper than 25%, from the edge of the final section of the bank.

• Borrow pits shall be centrally located to serve more than one site. The haulage distance from site should not be too far.

• Borrow area shall be rehabilitated as fish pond or so in consultation with land owner or community.

4.1.4.4 Compaction and Contamination of Soil

177. Soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, haulage roads, and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries and equipments. Approach road close to most of the bridge construction sites are available. However still additional land shall be required for construction camps, and workshops.

178. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant, vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) waste likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery as well inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps.

• Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils.

Mitigation Measures


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• All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized vendors.

• To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route.

• Approach roads shall be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction induced impact on soil.

• The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. • Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility

shall be provided at construction camp. • Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into

biodegradable and non biodegradable waste. The non biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Bio degradable waste shall be compacted in mechanised and movable composter. Non biodegradable and non saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then the waste will be buried in a secured manner.

179. Soil contamination is anticipated at Mandir Hasaud due to storage of coal.

Operation Stage

180. The loading/unloading area shall be paved. Feasibility of mechanical sweeping option shall be explored after loading and unloading.

Mitigation measures

4.1.5. Water Resources 4.1.5.1 Groundwater

181. The proposed project can affect the ground water resources mainly due to uncontrolled extraction of groundwater for construction purpose. The ground water tables goes down during dry season to the level of 100 m at Bolangir distinct.

Design and Construction Stage

182. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. Water will be mainly required for compaction of formation and for domestic purpose in the workers camp. The quantity of water requirement for formation is yet to be ascertained which depends mainly on the moisture content of the earth material to be used for formation. Water for construction purpose will be mainly sourced from nearby surface water body or ground. River water will be used for Raipur – Mandir Hasaud - Mahasamund section and water will be drawn from intake wells from riverbed of Tel at sections near Titlagarh. In rest of the


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section, deep tube wells/open dug wells will be used. Drinking and domestic water requirement for workers camp will be the arranged by the contractor.

183. The contractor will make arrangements for water required for construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected. Since most of the surface water bodies go dry during summer season, it is proposed that water harvesting structures shall be constructed at all the stations. This will serve though very limited purpose but it will demonstrate the Railways commitment for environmental protection. The check dams shall also be constructed wherever feasible and in consultation with community to reduce burden on ground water resources or augment ground Water resources.

Mitigation Measures

184. Efforts shall be made that water intensive activities are not undertaken during summer period (April, May June)

185. Groundwater will be abstracted for domestic purpose in the proposed residential colonies. Water demand during operation phase will also increase after doubling at stations. The stress on groundwater will increase at stations where water requirement is met through groundwater abstraction.

Operation Stage

186. Stress on groundwater may be reduced by augmenting it through rainwater harvesting. Awareness about judicious use of water should be made amongst the passengers, staffs and other users. Wherever, installation of harvesting structures is not technically feasible, rainwater may be collected in sumps which can be used for various usages other than drinking and domestic purpose.

Mitigation Measures

4.1.5.2 Surface water

187. In total 63 water bodies falls in the sub project area within 200m either side of the track. These water bodies are either river, or canal or pond. All the rivers, canal or nala are crossing the track perpendicularly and will require construction of bridge over it. The remaining water bodies are ponds with which mostly gets created during raining season and goes dry during summer season. Some of these ponds will be affected due to construction of rail bed. Most of these tanks are used for bathing and cloth washing and other miscellaneous use. There are few water bodies e.g. Mahanadi River, Mahanadi main canal, Sarikheri Talab are used for fishing purposes.


188. The construction of bridge may result in temporary alteration of watercourse flow and channel morphology. Since there is no significant aquatic life in these water bodies, the impact on aquatic life is considered insignificant. The piling and other construction activity and bank erosion


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may increase sedimentation level of the river. The water opening of small nala or canal may get clogged if proper planning and attention not given.

189. Construction of bridge and river training structure may increase the flow of water and cause erosion down stream. Since the single lane bridge already exists and hence, additional Bridge will cause very little change in river flow velocity. Bridge construction may cause hazardous traffic situation if not controlled or regulated. The construction of bridge particularly at Mahanadi River will pose construction stage risk to workers safety due to high water in the river. Bridge may wash away, if design is not made considering likely high speed of the train, and highest water level under the bridge.

190. The piling work shall be undertaken during low flow period. Attempt to reduce number of pillars in the water stream. Consider the river hydrology and morphology and shall design the bridge based on 100 years return, highest water level, right angle to the river flow to the extend feasible. The changes in the stream if any made during construction shall be restored to its original level. Precautions shall be made that no Nala or canal is clogged. Following additional measures shall be adopted :

Mitigation Measure

• Substructure construction should be limited to the dry season • The slopes of embankment leading to water bodies shall be modified

suitably to restrict the contaminants entering water bodies. • Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting

sediments before letting them into the water body. Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated.

• Large construction camps shall be avoided along the alignment and located away from inhabited areas and water bodies. Construction labourers shall be preferable from local population. Sewage from labour camps will be treated through septic tanks. No untreated sanitary wastewater shall be discharged into surface water bodies.

• Prior permission from competent authority shall be taken before drawing surface water for construction purpose.

• Water quality shall be monitored as envisaged in the Environmental Monitoring Plan

191. By and large, no impact is anticipated during the operation phase on the surface water bodies. However, regular checks shall be done along the alignment to ensure that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels to avoid their blockade/ choking. Regular monitoring of siltation shall be done.

Operation Stage

192. The diesel locomotive tends to leak used oil which may contaminate the water of the respective canal/water bodies.


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193. Feasibility shall be established of installing collection tray under the canal bridge to prevent canal/water bodies water contamination.

Mitigation Measure

194. Maintain the river training structure and embankment to ensure that water flows is maintained.

4.2. Impact on Biological Environment 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 4.2.1.1 Disturbance to Vegetation

195. There will not be any major impact on the terrestrial vegetation in the forest of the Chhattisgarh and Orissa. The total number tree enumerated within the railway corridor upto 13 m from the edge of the existing track is approximately 11,634. All of them need not to be cleared. The trees along the railway tracks are mostly small to medium girth size and non-fruit bearing in nature. There are several forest areas through which the existing and proposed double line will be passing through. The list of forests along the track and its inference has been tabulated in baseline chapter. The vegetation density in affected forests near the project alignment is quite low. Hence, impact on vegetation loss is anticipated to be medium to low looking at the length of doubling involved.


196. Efforts will be taken to minimise tree cutting. Efforts shall also be made to transplant the trees as much as possible. Special attention shall be taken to avoid cutting of medicinal plants if any. Restriction shall be made to use timber wood as fuel source in construction camps. Compensatory afforestation in 1:3 trees will be done for each no. of trees likely to be cut. Additional plantation will be carried out in station areas, riverbanks and other areas. Trees to be planted will be preferably native in species avoiding the monoculture practices. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department.

Mitigation Measure

197. During the plantation use of the expertise of the local social forestry division is suggested strongly for selection of tree species for plantation, selection of barren forest areas for plantation etc. The suggested plant species favourable for plantation in the area are- Lagerstroemia parviflora Lagerstroemia speciosa, Shorea robusta, Mitragyna parvifolia, , Caryota urens, Terminalia hebula, Anogeisus latifolia, Lannea coromandelica, Diospyros sylvatica, Pterocarpus marsupium, Terminalia alata, Ougenia oojenesis, Papilionaceae Buchanania lanzen, Cassia fistula, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia auriculiformis, Ficus glomerata,Syzygium cuminii, Albizia procera,Trewia nudiflora, Dalbergia sissoo, Vitex penduncularis, Mangifera indica, Listia glutinosa, Acacia catechu, Sterculia villosa, Careya arborea, Bombax ceiba area the economically important plant. Species which absorbs more water from soil like Eucalyptus spp. should


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be avoided for planting. Monoculture like plantation of Shorea robusta, Teak, Lagerstroemia parviflora must be avoided.

198. Permission from forest department for felling of trees shall be obtained.

199. No direct impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management.

Operation Stage

200. Arrangement shall be made to ensure survival of the trees planted with a proper tree management system. Proper water supply in the areas of the tree plantation should be maintained at least during the season of the winter. However the plantation must be done in the pre -monsoon season and the local forest department expertise should be used in the forested areas of both the state of Orissa and Chhatishgarh.

Mitigation Measures

4.2.1.2 Habitat Fragmentation and Destruction

201. No fresh habitat fragmentation is envisaged during construction stage. However, minor increase in the existing fragmentation width is anticipated. This will have less impact on the fauna present in the area due to its low density. Less density of fauna implies lesser use of the railway track for crossing from either side of the already bisecting RFs. Tree cutting should be minimal and canopy breakage or gap should be lowered by not destroying branch of trees present.

Design, Construction and Operation Stage

4.2.1.3 Animal Movement Passage

202. No definite animal passage was observed in the forested areas near the railway track. Though the RF areas of both the state of Orissa & Chhattisgarh have records of elephant presence yet no elephant corridor was found traversing the railway track. However, small mammals like wild boar, primates and cat species found to cross the railway track without following any definite path and moreover the frequency is very low. Most of them were found to cross the track below the railway track through the cross drainage structures over the streams and rivulets as most of the time of the year they remains shallow or dry and is suitable for movement of the animals. Though there was no elephant corridor in the area still their accidental movement is anticipated.


• Plantation should be done on the riparian areas of the streams & rivulets near the over bridge areas starting from 150 meter away from the track on both sides of the streams/rivulets.

Mitigation Measures

• Awareness programme shall be initiated to aware the general mass of the nearby villages about the safe movement of the animals below the cross drainage structures.


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• Optimizing the use of heavy machinery during construction.

203. During the operation phase, the animal may come into conflict with the railway locomotives as a result of increased width of the railway track crossing after the doubling.

Operation Stage

204. During this phase, controlling the speed of the train will be the best option to avoid accidents between train and animals. Special attention shall be given during the active hours of the animal’s movement i.e. between 5 am - 8 am and 3pm-6 pm. The movement of the locomotives must be controlled during this period.

Mitigation Measures

4.2.1.4 Endangered Species

205. No impact is anticipated on the endangered species like Asian elephant, Royal Bengal tiger since their presence nearby the railway track was not found. Further, no impact is envisaged on species like deer, wild boars etc. since they use the deeper portion of the forests. Only five schedule I mammal species, one schedule I avian species were reported in the area, but their habitat is not found near or in project area. The presence of reptilian fauna and the amphibian fauna found is very low to nil near project area and will not be affected during the construction.

• The existing underpasses/cross drainage structures of the rail track may further be improved to give the animal a safe passage.

Mitigation Measures

4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology 4.2.2.1 Effect on Fishing Activities/ Productivity

206. Fishing activities were recorded in the river Mahanadi, Mahanadi main canal and in some pond near the railway track. During the construction phase impact is anticipated increased turbidity in the river water due to construction related activities.


207. Due to increased turbidity level, temporary flushing of the fish species towards the deeper part of the river water or pond water may happen during the construction of bridges or and filling near the rivers, water bodies etc. Wherever the water bodies and rivers have high turbidity, fish species are accustomed to the situation and move to the deeper part of the river/water bodies.

• Adequate provision shall be made in the design to ensure less siltation of water in the areas of water body presence, river or streams.

Mitigation Measures


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• Underground noise level due to pile driving for bridges shall be kept well within sustainable limit for the aquatic life.

208. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed.

Operation Stage

4.2.2.2 Migratory Routes:

209. Local migration of the fish was found there in the river Mahanadi, Mahanadi Canal, Small Rivers which were traversed by the railway track from the Raipur to Titlagarh. Species like Wallago atto, Notopterus chitala use the deeper water like in Mahanadi River. But no major impact on there movement was anticipated as there will not be any permanent blockade of the water flow through these rivers to disrupt the migration of the fishes.

• Care should be taken to avoid the permanent blockade of the river water flow.

Mitigation Measure

• Turbidity must be lowered by adopting best construction practices

4.2.2.3 Effect on Spawning and Breeding Grounds

210. Along the whole stretch of the Raipur- Titlagarh double tracking project there are lots of breeding grounds in the Mahanadi rivers and its tributaries. Species present in the rivers, water bodies crossed by the track at the points of bridges used to breed in those conditions. However in most normal seasons for almost 80 % of the fish species starts breeding from April to August (i.e. during Pre-monsoon & Monsoon season)


• The Avoidance of construction activity during the breeding period in the months of April-August at the breeding sites.

Mitigation Measures

• Turbidity should be lowered by checking siltation.

• Massive erosion in the upstream and downstream from the construction areas should be lowered by planting trees on the bank of the rivers. The riparian area upstream & down stream from the bridges should be planted with local varieties of trees at least 100 meter on the both banks of the rivers in upstream and downstream from the bridge to be constructed. The tree plantation should be in parallel with the construction activities.

211. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed.

Operation Stage


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4.3. Socio-Economic Impact 212. The proposed doubling is objective requirement of social and

economic development of the region. No negative social impact is envisaged except minor land acquisition and establishment loss (for details please refer the Social assessment report). The proposed project will result in increased employment opportunities for local people during construction stage. Immigration of work force during construction phase is likely to vary .The demographic configuration will be largely unchanged since majority of the workers will be from local population. Pedestrian crossings in settlement areas will improve social interaction between communities. Accidents risks to people will be reduced to minimum by converting all unmanned level crossing to manned level crossings.

213. During operation phase of the project significant socio-economic development will take place in the region. The proposed doubling will enhance the traffic scenario by providing high speed, safe and reliable, economical and all weather train service.

214. Project States (Chhattisgarh and Orissa) are one of the richest states in minerals and other natural resources. The present rail section provides an important link to transport minerals and ores like coal, limestone, steel, cement, alumina, Gypsum, Ferro chrome from product locations to Industries and other central distribution locations. The existing single line has capacity constraint in bulk freight transportation. The proposed doubling with enhanced capacity will improve investment environment for industries.

4.4. Accident Risk and Safety

215. Various safety aspects related with the project during design construction phase are (i) safety related with handling of machines, equipments (ii) rail safety at road intersections and (iii) safety to cattles and other wild animals; (iv) unsafe/hazardous traffic conditions due to construction vehicle movement.


• During the construction phase, contractors shall be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Usage of appropriate signage in local language at the construction sites should be displayed generously and visibly to make the travellers aware of the ongoing work. Adequate lighting and fluorescent signage shall be provided at the construction sites.

Mitigation measures

• Pedestrian passageways shall be provided near settlement on both sides.

• Underpasses in forest areas at suitable locations after detail investigation of animal movement path. Forest range officers should be consulted before finalizing the exact location of underpasses.


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• All road crossings where traffic intensity is high shall be grade-separated.

• Distance between railway level crossing and nearby road intersection/level crossing shall be increased.

• Separation of two-way traffic by solid white centre lines or physical medians, and separation of slow and fast road traffic at the railway level crossing.

• Training shall be provided to workers, especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions. Helmet will be required at all construction sites. The contractor will be required to appoint a safety officer who will conduct regular safety inspections at construction sites.

216. Important issues related with safety during operational phase is monitoring of emergencies and establishing procedures to carry out rescues during sudden disasters such as floods, fires, high winds, and accidents.

Operation phase

217. Emergency equipment will be stockpiled in stations along the alignment and personnel will be trained to serve on rescue teams. To further ensure public safety, the entire right-of-way will be fenced. Pedestrian passageways will be constructed under the raised railway embankment to allow people to cross from one side of the track to the other in populated areas. This is particularly required near Raipur city area (km0.00-km 6.0). All road/rail crossings shall be grade-separated. Use of latest railway operational mechanism is recommended to avoid derailment and collisions and other accident risks.

4.5. Impacts due to Construction Camp 218. Poor siting and improper management of construction camp may lead

to several adverse impacts on environment viz. (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodies’ quality (iii) compaction and contamination of soil due to uncontrolled disposal of solid waste (iv) unhealthy condition due to unsafe drinking water supply to labourers and discharge of sewage.

• Construction camp shall be located considering its accessibility to all social and physical infrastructures to utilize the available resources in the region. No productive land should be utilised for setting up of construction camp. All camps should be well drained. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water may get stagnant and become a nuisance. The living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer. All camps

Mitigation measures


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should maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation, water bodies and through traffic route and1000m from forest areas.

219. All construction camps shall be provided sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks. Sewerage drains should be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp if possible shall be attached to existing sewage lines. Drains and ditches should be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered to. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner. LPG cylinders shall be provided as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting/vegetation loss.

220. At every workplace, a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. Workplaces remote and far away from regular hospitals shall have indoor health units with one bed for every 250 workers. Suitable transport will be provided to facilitate taking injured and ill persons to the nearest hospital. At every workplace an ambulance containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff will be provided.

221. At every construction site, provision of a day crèche shall be worked out so as to enable women to leave behind their children. At construction sites where 20 or more women are ordinarily employed, there shall be provided at least a hut for use of children under the age of 6 years belonging to such women.

4.6. Impacts and its mitigation due to Proposed Residential Buildings 222. Altogether 144 quarters are proposed to be constructed to

accommodate approximately 432 persons for the likely additional requirement for staffs during operation phase of the project. The tentative locations are Mahasamund, Raipur, Kantabanji and Titlagrh. All existing facilities are already available at these stations. Since all these quarters are not located at one particular place, incremental stress on existing resources is minimal. All generic impacts have already been discussed in detail considering the construction of these residential structures. Few key issues associated and its mitigations have been discussed in paragraphs below.

223. Water requirement and Sewage discharge: The total water requirement will be approximately 583.2 KLD. The water will be sourced through deep tube wells and rivers. The project area is neither in notified areas nor in areas notified for registration of ground water abstraction structures identified by Central Ground Water Authority. However, due to scanty rainfall pattern in area, depth to water table is depleting continuously. The additional load on groundwater resources shall be augmented by providing rainwater harvesting structures if technically feasible.

224. The total sewage generation will be approximately 466.56 KLD. All sewage will be treated through septic tanks. Also since the water


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requirement and sewage generation is not at a single point the stress will not be intensive. Hence, no impact on water quality is anticipated.

225. Solid waste: Total solid waste likely to be generated is estimated to be 129.6 Kg/day. All domestic waste shall be segregated at source into bio degradable and non-biodegradable and will be disposed of the identified solid waste dumping grounds.

226. Noise and Vibrations: All residential buildings will be safely located not to receive any noise or vibration impact due to train movement. If any such structure is within the impacted zone all such structure shall be vibration prone.

227. Drainage: Adequate drainage facilities will be provided to avoid any water logging within the premises. Storm water will be allowed to rainwater harvesting pits (will be constructed if found technically feasible) and over flow will be drained though existing storm water channels.

4.7. Impact on Existing Common Property Resources/Utilities 228. There are various types of community structures/ facilities/utilities

along the proposed alignment. But very few of them are likely to be impacted. For their ownership, usages and type please refer resettlement plan.

229. Geometric adjustment has been done while finalizing the alignment to minimize the loss to any such facilities. Any such structures even falling within RoW but out of required formation width will be saved. Alternate access has to be provided to these structures during construction stage. All community structures likely to dismantle will be suitably relocated. All community utilities likely to be impacted, such as sources of water, community centres, etc. will be relocated to suitable places.

Mitigation Measures

4.8. Right-of –Way Maintenance 230. Unchecked growth of trees and plants can cover signals, fall onto the

tracks and prevent workers from getting to places of safety when trains are passing. Regular maintenance of rights-of-way to control vegetation may involve the use of mechanical methods (e.g. mowing), manual methods (e.g. hand pruning), and use of herbicides. Vegetation maintenance beyond that which is necessary for safety may remove unnecessary amounts of vegetation, resulting in the continual replacement of succession species and an increased likelihood of the establishment of invasive species. Recommended measures to prevent and control impacts from right-of-way vegetation maintenance include:

• The track area shall be kept completely clear of vegetation. From the edge of the track area to the boundary of the right-of-way, vegetation should be structured with smaller plants near the line and larger trees


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further away from the line to provide habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals.

• Native species shall be planted and invasive plant species removed. • Railways should be designed and maintained to discourage plant

growth in the track area (e.g. providing lateral barriers to plant migration and ensuring rapid drainage of the track area);

• Personnel shall be trained in herbicide application to control fast-growing vegetation within RoW.

4.9. Forest Fires • Uncontrolled vegetation growth and slash from routine maintenance is

left accumulated within RoW, sufficient fuel can accumulate resulting into forest fires. Mitigative measures to prevent and control risk of forest fires include:

• Monitoring of right-of-way vegetation according to fire risk; • Removal of blowdown and other high-hazard fuel accumulations; • Timing of thinning, slashing, and other maintenance activities to avoid

seasons when the risk of forest fires is high; • Removal of maintenance slash or management by controlled burning. • Creating forest lines along the RoW. • Train the maintenance persons for fire control.

4.10. Fuel management 231. Fuel stations above ground storage tanks, piping and filling equipment

with potential for soil and water resource contamination due to leaks and spills. Storm water falling on fuelling areas and secondary containment systems may contain oil residues from incidental releases.

• Storage tanks and components shall meet international standard for structural design to avoid catastrophic failures to prevent fires/explosion.

• Storage tanks shall have appropriate secondary containment. • Secondary Containment in rail fuelling areas should be appropriate

w.r.t size of railcar, level, curbed, sealed and draining to sump connected to spill retention area. The spill retention areas shall be equipped with an oil/water separator to allow the routine discharge of collected rainwater.

4.11. Waste Management (Solid waste, Waste Water and Hazardous Materials) 232. Solid waste are generated from trains and stations from food waste,

packaging materials from retail facilities, paper, news paper and a variety of disposable food containers from train and common


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passenger areas. Uncontrolled disposable of these may cause pollution of land/soil, water etc.

233. Rail operations may generate sanitary wastewater primarily from passenger terminals and from passenger rail service.

234. Washing of trains involves high pressure water wash which may contain residues from transported materials, paint, oil and grease and other contaminants. Hazardous materials like caustic solutions used to remove axles and other metal parts, solvents, coolants, acids and alkalis for locomotives and rolling stock maintenance operation may cause pollution.

• A solid waste recycling program shall be instituted depending on the existence of local facilities.

• Ultra filtration technique shall be employed to extend the life of washing solutions for aqueous parts or use of alternatives to water cleaning viz. dry cleaning by wire brush or bake oven.

• Floor drains if any shall be connected to wastewater collection and treatment system.

• Aqueous detergent and water based paints shall be used.

4.12. Occupational Health and safety

4.12.1. Rail Operation 4.12.1.1 Train/worker accident

235. Railway workers in the vicinity of rail lines are always at risk of accidents due to moving trains. A set of mitigative measures are:

• Training workers in personal track safety procedures • Blocking train traffic on lines where maintenance is occurring. If

blocking is not feasible, use of automatic warning system shall be installed.

4.12.1.2 Noise and Vibrations

236. Crew members are usually exposed to higher noise levels from locomotives, rolling stocks and machinery and repeated mechanical shocks and/or vibration.

• Reduction of internal venting of air brakes to a level that minimizes noise without compromising the crew’s ability to judge brake operation.

• Use of PPE if engineering solutions are not feasible. • Use of dampers at the seat post to reduce the vibration experienced

by the operator. • Installation of active vibration control system for locomotive

suspension, cabs or seat post.


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4.12.1.3 Diesel Exhaust

237. Rail workers, including locomotive crews and workers in station rail yards and locomotive car-shops may be exposed to exhaust from diesel locomotives and other diesel engines.

• Limiting time locomotives shall be allowed to run indoors and use of pusher cars to move it in and out of maintenance shops.

• Provision of adequate ventilation in locomotive shops and other enclosed areas where diesel exhaust may get accumulated.

• Use of PPEs.

4.12.1.4 Fatigue

238. Locomotives engineers and other railway workers are often required to work irregular working hours resulting in fatigue. Fatigue, particularly drivers, signallers, maintenance workers is critical to safe operation of railways which if not given proper attention may pose serious safety risk to workers/passengers and general public.

• Railway operators should schedule rest periods at regular intervals and during night hours, to the extent feasible, to maximize the effectiveness of rest breaks.

4.12.2. Maintenance of Rolling Stock 239. Occupational hazards typically associated with locomotive and railcar

maintenance activities may include physical, chemical, and biological hazards as well as confined space entry hazards. Physical hazards may be associated with work in proximity to moving equipment and machine safety, including work-portable tools, and electrical safety issues. Chemical hazards may include potential exposures to a variety of hazardous materials (e.g. asbestos, PCB, toxic paint, heavy metals, etc). Biological hazards may include potential exposures to pathogens present in sewage storage compartments. Confined spaces may include access to rail tank and grain cars during repair and maintenance.

• Any kind of leakage/slippage should be avoided in the maintenance activities of locomotive and railcar.

Mitigative measures

• Use of personal protective gears (ear muffs, spectacles, hand gloves, masks, plastic shoes etc.).

• Regular checkup of working platform in workshop in order to avoid any slippage due to grease, oil

• Regular maintenance of stocks and documentation • Proper collection, storage and disposal of hazardous waste, if any • Each individuals (drivers, guards, maintenance engineers) should

understand and be fully aware for his responsibilities • Regular assessment of risk presented by wheel sets, as well as

reasonably practicable (ALARP)


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4.12.3. Community Health and safety 240. The impacts associated with community health and safety is (i) general

rail safety, (ii) transport of dangerous goods, (iii) level crossing Safety and (iv) Pedestrian safety. The impacts and mitigative measures of level crossing safety and pedestrian safety have already been discussed in previous sections. The other two have been described in following paragraphs.

4.12.3.1 General Rail Operational Safety

241. Any slippage in operation may cause threat of serious injury or the potential loss of life due to train collision with other trains or road vehicle and derailment. Recommended actions to avoid any such risk are:

• Regular inspection and maintenance of the rail lines and facilities to ensure track stability and integrity in accordance with national and international track-safety standards.

• Implementation of an overall safety management program that is equivalent to in internationally recognized railway safety programs.

4.12.3.2 Transport of Dangerous Goods

242. Transport of dangerous material may cause potential environmental risk due to valve leakage in pressurised and general –service tank cars or other hazardous material containers. Spills and leaks may result from improper packing and resultant load shifting during transport. Additionally, there is potential for the release of diesel during fuelling operations.

• Proper screening, acceptance and transport of dangerous goods conforming to the international standard applicable for packaging, marking and labeling of containers.

• Use of tank cars and other rolling stocks that meets the national and international standard.

• Preparation of spill prevention and control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans based on an analysis of hazards, implementation of prevention and control measures.


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5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

5.1. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 243. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate

effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimise the identified impact associated with design, construction and operation stages of the project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options.

244. The EMP consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during the design, construction and operation stages of the project The EMP also includes the actions needed for implementation of these measures. The major components of the Environmental Management Plan are:

• Mitigation of potentially adverse impacts • Monitoring during project implementation and operation • Institutional Capacity Building and Training

5.1.1. Mitigation of Potentially adverse impacts 245. The environmental management plan highlighting potential impacts,

mitigation measures, legislative requirements, time frame and institutional responsibility are given in Appendix 5.1. It is desirable that RVNL develops an environmental guidelines focusing on effective implementation of mitigation measures suggested. The performance indicators may also be developed for assessing the effectiveness of mitigative measures.

5.1.2. Integration of EMP with Project planning, design, construction and operation

246. RVNL will review the EMP and include the proposed mitigation measures in the project design as required. AGM will ensure that the EMP requirement is included as Bill of Quantity (BoQ) in all bidding documents and operating contracts. In addition a budget of approximately Rs. 17,451,000.00 will be provided by RVNL for compensatory plantation of approximately 34,902 trees at the rate of Rs. 500 per tree.5

5 The final estimate for the compensatory plantation budget will be made based on the final number of trees required for cutting and the plantation rates of the respective Forestry Department.

The bidding document and contractor’s budget will also include a line item for review and up-gradation of EMP. RVNL will be responsible for reviewing, approving the up-gradation of EMP as well, l and ensuring that the contractors comply with the provisions of the EMP during the construction and operation stages. The EMP shall be revised in case of changes in the project component. The revised EMP shall also be sent to ADB for review and endorsement.


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5.1.3. Authorities and Their Responsibilities for Implementation of the EMP 247. The authorities and responsibilities for the implementation of the

environmental management plans shall be tiered based on the activity as shown at fig 5.1.

248. All the policy decisions, including incorporation of the EMP requirements shall be the responsibility of the executing authority (EA) while the RVNL-environmental field officer to be designated shall ensure that the environmental mitigation actions are implemented as per the contract document. He will also oversee the EMP implementation by the contractor. Contractor will also submit monthly compliance report to PMC and field officer. AGM will ensure that the field officer is able to effectively oversee the implementation of EMPs and monitor the progress. The EA will periodically submit the progress report highlighting the EMP implementation status to ADB.

5.1.4. Social development program 249. A separate social impact assessment study has been undertaken and

social development programme is addressed as per SIA. The various social impacts having significant impact on agriculture, community facilities likely to be impacted have been considered under this EMP.

5.1.5. Contingency Response Plan 250. Field study, public consultation, and consultant’s experience reveal that

this project may have only one environmental emergency i.e. accidents of train movements particularly accident of goods train full of hazardous materials (like petroleum, chemicals) etc.

251. Railways have well established response systems to deal with such eventualities. It is suggested that the training, effectiveness, and regular up-gradation of these practices may be documented and included in the environmental guidelines to be developed for ready reference. The project authorities (Indian Railways) should ensure accidental spill management either by developing in-house capabilities or by associating with any competent third party.

5.1.6. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 252. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with aim to monitor

the environmental performance of environmental management plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives:

• To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed

• To assess the change in environmental quality during construction and operation stage with respect to pre project scenario.

• To assess compliance to regulatory requirements

• To monitor the status of corrective action taken in case of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements.


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253. The Environmental Monitoring schedule is prepared based on the environmental components that may be affected during the construction and operation phases of the project and provides monitoring schedule for wildlife, fisheries, cropping pattern, soil erosion, drainage congestion, tree plantation, air quality, noise & vibration. The monitoring plan defining the parameters to be monitored, with sampling locations, frequency of measurements, cost and responsibility for various component of environment is prepared for all stages of project and provided as Appendix 5.3.

254. Tree plantation and its survival will be an important monitoring activity. The 70% survival rate of re-plantation will be monitored on the first year of the operation phase. If the survival rate is found below 70%, survival rate monitoring shall be again taken up after 3 years. This cycle should continue until the 70% survival rate is achieved.

255. The Field Officer (Environment) will be responsible for ensuring timely monitoring of various parameters and compliance with the mitigative measure proposed through PMC and contractor. A resultant database is proposed to be maintained. Management Information Systems is also proposed to be prepared for effective flow of information between various levels and functions within RVNL and Indian Railways.

256. Field officer with the help of PMC will analyse and initiate corrective preventive action if any significant change in environmental quality is observed. He may take help of subject experts (if their help is required) to find out whether the project is responsible for change in respective environmental conditions

5.1.7. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment 257. As part of the feedback mechanism, the Field Officer(Environment) shall

monitor project compliance with the help of PMC with respect to:

• Environmental Management Plan • Applicable laws, rules and regulations

258. PMC will carry out periodic compliance assessment during construction stage and submit quarterly reports to field officer (environment) who will submit the same to AGM after due verification. PMC will also initiate immediate corrective – preventive action in case of any deviation with planned measures. Railways Authorities will be responsible for operation phase compliances. The compliance review shall be carried out once in quarter in first year and twice in six months in subsequent years.

259. Public involvement shall be encouraged and ensured throughout the lifecycle of the project. The field officer (Env) will maintain record of public concern or suggestion and keep higher management updated about the same. If required, PMC in consultation with RVNL will make necessary adjustments in implementation plan and actions to address the public concern


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5.2. Institutional Arrangement 260. RVNL, the executive agency, is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of

GOI having a lean organizational set-up comparing to its mandate. RVNL’s mandate is project development, resource mobilization and undertaking the projects directly or by forming Project Specific Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or any other financing structure, which is found suitable for a particular project. The project after implementation is handed over to MoR for train operation and maintenance.

261. RVNL implements the project through Project Management Consultants (PMC). Chief Project Manager (CPM) is the overall in charge for the project and Additional/Deputy General Manager rank officer is responsible for implementation of the project at site (acts as PIU). As such, RVNL does not have any environmental cells or officials to manage the environmental and social aspect associated with projects. It is therefore desirable to build the environmental capacity of RVNL to effectively address the environmental aspects associated with such a project and implement as well as monitor the environmental management plan.

262. However, the higher officials are conscious of project related environmental impacts and are committed to mitigate them. It is proposed to appoint an Environmental Officer at the corporate level after due training. 5 Environmental Field Officers will be appointed in each of the Project Implementation Units (PIUs) for each sub-projects. These officers will coordinate with PMC for compliance to environmental requirements and will report to Additional General Manager and environment officer at corporate level. If required the environmental officer can take help of subject experts who have to be hired for solving specific problem . The proposed organisation structure is shown at Figure 5.1.


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Chief Project Manger (RVNL)

Additional General Manager (AGM)

PIU

Contractor

Project Management Consultant

Panel of Experts • Terrestrial Flora

& Fauna • Aquatic Flora &

Fauna • Water

Management • Hydro-

Geological • Energy

Laboratory Services

Indian Railways

Field Officer (Environment)

Figure 5.1 Proposed Organisation Structure

5.2.2. Institutional Capacity Building (Training and Awareness) 263. RVNL requires enhancement in its environmental management

capacity. RVNL has a separate ADB TA for its capacity building. The environmental capacity building initiatives will be implemented through this TA itself including those suggested below for this project. To enhance the capacity of the RVNL officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effect, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public, the trainings and awareness programmes is planned and is given as Error! Reference source not found.. Independent subject’s experts/consultants can be hired as resource person to impart trainings. Concerned govt. officials from forest department, pollution control board can also be invited to share their experience under these programmes.

5.3. Grievance Redress Mechanism 264. The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up related

to inappropriate implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve grievance from publicc or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within

Environmental Officer –Corporate


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15-30 days by the concerned PIU in consultation with field officer. In case the PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to the Chief General Manager (projects). The corrective action will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to ADB.


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Table 5.1 : Training and Awareness Programmes S. No. Target

group Subject(s) Method Time Frame

1 All RVNL/PIU project staff and concerned PMC staff

Environmental Overview: Environmental Regulations, sub-project related provisions of various Acts, process and methodology for IEE, EMPs and their use

Lectures cum interaction

Before beginning of the implementation of the sub-project

2 Field Officer (Env),

design team, PMC and

Construction Contractors’

staff

Implementation of EMPs: Basic features of an EMP, Planning, designing and execution of environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, monitoring and evaluation of environmental conditions – during construction and operation

Workshops and Seminars

Before the construction begins

3 Field Officer (Env), design team, PMC and Construction Contractors’ staff

Environmentally Sound Construction Practices: Clean construction technology, alternatives materials and techniques for construction, Waste Management and minimization in construction, pollution control devices and methods for construction sites and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction , restoration of borrow areas and construction camp sites

Workshops and Site visits

Before the construction

4 PIU and PMC staff and community representatives

Monitoring Environmental Performance during Construction: Air, Water, Soil and Noise, tree survival Monitoring requirement and techniques, Evaluation and Review of results, Performance indicators and their applicability, possible corrective actions, reporting requirements and mechanisms

Lectures, Workshop and site visits

During initial phases of construction

5 -do- Long-term Environmental Issues in Project Management: Designing and implementing environmental surveys for ambient air, noise, biological and water quality surveys, data storage, retrieval and analysis, contract documents and environmental clauses, Risk assessment and management, contingency planning and management and value addition

Workshops and seminars

During implementation of the Sub-project


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S. No. Target group

Subject(s) Method Time Frame

6 Public /contractors workers

Awareness programme on environmental protection and measures being implemented by RVNL including wild life protection and their role in sustaining the measures taken

Workshops During construction and initial phase say 1 year of operation


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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Consultation Method Applied

265. The mode of consultation employed during the course of the study was informal consultation. Government officials from different departments that have relevance to the project were consulted. Local people from different socio economic backgrounds, non-Governmental Organizations, passengers, and station managers were also consulted. Public consultations were held during filed visits in the month of May 2008 and August 2008.

6.2. Public Consultation Milestones 266. The different people contacted and consulted during the course of the

project are given below. However, since the consultations were informal and interview based, no questionnaire/ brochures were supplied to the participants.

PARTICIPANTS

Project Proponents

1. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. Dimpy Garg, Director Planning (ME) Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 6/05/08

2. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, Delhi Representatives : Mr. Ranjan Kumar Jain Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 06/05/08

3. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. Ajay Singh, Chief Project Manager Mode of consultation : Telephonic Conversation and Through Email Date : 22/08/08

4. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, Bilaspur Division Representatives : Mr. R.N. Ghosh Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 22/08/08

5. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. Prasad, Asst. Section Engineer, South- Eastern Railways, Raipur Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 26/08/08

6. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. Nirmal Kumar, PWI, South- Eastern Railway, Raipur Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting

Date : 26/08/08


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Government Regulators

7. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Raipur Division , Govt. of Chhattisgarh Representatives : Mr. S. Panday, DFO Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 22/08/08

8. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Bolangir South Division , Govt. of Orissa

Representatives : Mr. R.K.Sahu,DFO Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

9. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Nuapada Division , Govt. of Orissa Representatives : Mr. Patra,DFO Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 28/08/08

10. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Mahasamund Division , Govt. of Chhattisgarh Representatives : Mr. T.Singh,ACF Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 28/08/08

11. Office of State Pollution Control Board, Raipur Regional Office Representatives : Mr M.Rana, Regional Officer Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 29/08/08

12. Office of State Pollution Control Board, Raipur Regional Office Representatives : Dr. B.R. Rathod, Superintendent Engineer Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 29/08/08

13. District Fishery Office, Raipur Region, Chhattisgarh Representatives : Mr. S.K. Das, Asst. Fishery Officer Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 14/08/08

14. Public Works Department, NH-Division, Government of Orissa Representatives : Mr Kaivartya, Asst. Engineer, Bolangir Division Mode of Consultation : Informal Meeting

Date : 27/08/08

15. Public Works Department, NH-Division, Government of Chhattisgarh Representatives : Mr. S.Tyagi, A.E., Raipur Division Mode of Consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 29/08/08

16. Local People, Village, Lakholi, Dist; Raipur Beneficiaries

Representative : Mr Pawan kr. Majhi. Govt. Employee Mr. Nitya Sagaria, Labour


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Mr. Sitaram Sagaria, Labour Mr. Suren Khetki, Labour Mr. Lankeswar Bagarti, Labour Mr. Naren Sagaria, Labour Mr. Parmesh Khetki, Labour Mr. Niranjan Majhi, Labour Mr. Prabodh Narayan, Labour

Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 16/08/08

17. Local People, Village, Mandir Hasund, Dist; Bolangir Representative : Mr. Surender Singh, Businessman

Mr. Jagadish Basfor, Businessman Mr. Jagjit Ram, Farmer Mr. Ramesh Kumar, Farmer Mr. Shankar Majhi, Farmer Mr. Gopal Majhi, Farmer Mr. Pramod Bihari, Farmer Mr. Ashok Bihari, Farmer Mr. Sukhram Ram Sahu., Teacher


18. Local People, Village, Paregoan, Dist; Mahasamund

Representative : Mr. Gobind Singh, Farmer Mr. Umesh Tripathi, Farmer Mr. Mahesh Shankar, Farmer Mr. Briz lal, Farmer Mr. Satyendra Pandit, Farmer Mr. Subhankar Vaidya , Shopkeeper Mr. Dibakar Pandit, Shopkeeper Mr. Mantu Lal, Shopkeeper Mr. Kulesh Dwibedi Teacher Mr. Sanju, Student


19. Local People, Village : Nuapada, Dist; Nuapada Representative : Mr. Brizesh Mahanti, Driver

Mr. Dayanand Das., Electrician Mr. Animesh Biswash, PCO Operator Mr. Shankar Paul, Vendor Mr. Somu Patra, Govt. Employee Mr. Bhushan Majhi, Shopkeeper Mr. Ashok Saha, Shopkeeper Mr. Saurabh Baishya, Shopkeeper Mr. Bhajan Lal, Shop Keeper


20. Various Station Masters Representative : All the Station Masters in Project Sites



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NGO’S

21. Palleswari NGO, Bolangir Representative : Mr. Shrikar Mishra, Chairman


22. Sarvodaya Yuvak Sangha, Sadaipali Bolangir Representative : Mr. D. Mahapatra


23. Parivesh Sewa, Bolangir Representative : Mr. M. Mishra


24. AADARSH-Environmental Protection Group Representative : Mr. Kaustav Rakshit


25. Mahasamund Self Help Group Representative : Mr. Jatin Aggrarwal


26. Kantabanji Development Group, Kantabanji Representative : Mr. Ashish Mehra.


6.3. Information disclosed 267. The discussions were primarily focussed on to receiving maximum inputs

from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the project. To begin with, they were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinion was sought. Environmental issues were discussed in depth with the government officials, NGOs and other organizations/ association representatives. However, during consultation with the villagers, passengers and other users of the existing and proposed railways facility, issues pertaining to them were mainly touched upon.

268. The local people were informed of doubling of the track proposal. Existing and likely air and noise pollution during construction and operation stage of railway line were discussed. They were consulted for the groundwater availability of the region. The location of any nearby sensitive locations like schools, hospitals, historical monuments, religious places and accident scenario including due to track crossing were also inquired from


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them. Impact on the flora and fauna (especially wildlife) was discussed with the villagers and officers of the forest department. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact.

269. Environmental impacts due to the project and clearance requirements were discussed extensively with the officials of different government bodies as State Pollution Control Boards and forest and wildlife authorities. Interactions were held even with officials of National Highway division to know their opinion about its indirect effect on road traffic and pollution.

6.4. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 270. In India, public consultation is mandatory only in case of Category A and

B projects6

271. Public consultation was undertaken as per the ADB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, coordination and engagement into dialogue were incorporated during the task. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected.

in select conditions. As per regulation, no public hearing is required for the proposed doubling project under the environmental law EIA Notification. However, being a category B project as per ADB Environmental Guidelines 2003, consultation was carried out during the early stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan.

6.5. Major Comments Received 272. A large range of people from different administrative, social and economic

backgrounds were consulted. Their concerns and opinions about various environmental issues have been summarized in the following four categories:

6.5.1. Proponents’ Comments: 273. The proponents are of the view that the proposed project activities are not

likely to cause any significant environmental impacts. However, they are appreciative of the possible impacts during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project and have shown their willingness to implement suggested mitigation measures in the IEE. The railway officials of respective sections also provided the technical information about the project with comparison to existing track and proposed doubling of the track. The issues of benefits to the public due to the proposed project were also discussed with them.

6.5.2. Beneficiaries’ Comments 6 As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory. As per this notification railway project does not fall under the said schedule.


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274. Consultation near Raipur Block Hut: The stretch starting from Raipur Block Hut and further up to 4.5 km is inhabited on both sides with encroachment within ROW. Beyond ROW also there are residential and other structures on both sides including school. There is no crossing over facility and hence the school children are always at accident risk. Local people demanded crossing over facility. Families living within ROW were ready to shift but were looking for some support for the rehabilitation.

275. Consultation at Lakholi village: People in general welcomed the decision of track doubling. They were ready to co-operate RVNL for providing land for earth work. Rehabilitation of borrow areas, efforts for minimum vegetation loss, underpass for movement of Jackals were some of the demands emerged during consultation.

276. Consultation at Mandir Hasaud Village: The location is known for important industries like Monnet Ispat Ltd, Jindal Steels Ltd and Hindustan petroleum Corporation Ltd. etc. People showed their concern for Air Pollution and water pollution due to Industrial activity. They suggested transportation and loading/unloading of coal in covered wagon and in covered area.

277. Consultation at Nawapara Village: No specific environmental issues were raised by the participants of consultation. People wanted increase in the frequency of local trains between Raipur to Titlagarh section to enable convenient and fast transportation of the local produce to these important market places

278. Consultation with at Pare Goan Village: All the participants were in support of the project. They suggested that all efforts shall be taken to minimise tree cutting particularly loss of medicinal plants if any, along the track. They demanded a railway station near the village since nearest station on both end i.e. Bhimkhoj and Mahasamund Stations are far away thus presently they are not being fully benefited by the railway services. Moreover, the road connectivity is also not good.

6.5.3. Government Regulators’ Comments 279. Government regulators/officials from both states (Chhattisgarh and

Orissa) were consulted for obtaining relevant information, and their valuable suggestions. Important among them are officials from State Pollution Control Board, forest department and fishery’s department. These officials expressed their views in support of the project and said it is much awaited project. Regional officer, Raipur also suggested that borrow areas must be rehabilitated properly. He was also apprehensive of increase in noise and air pollution levels in the area during construction stage and suggested regular monitoring of these parameters during construction stage. Forest officials of both the states were of common views. They raised concern over the land use change and vegetation loss particularly in the forest areas and stressed that additional plantation wherever possible shall be done besides compensatory afforestation. The Consultation with concerned state government officials indicated that the water quality in some of the project area is not good due to high


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concentrations of iron. When enquired about the fishery activities, the officials confirmed that productive fishing is confined to the area nearby Mahanadi River around Lakholi Station and nearby areas due to presence of Fresh water canals in the area.

6.5.4. Other Stakeholders’ Comments 280. The views given by a prominent local NGO of Bolangir (Pallewasri NGO)

revealed that the proposed project is long overdue and would not have any significant adverse impacts. In fact they expect substantial fuel saving and time saving would result due to the project. They also did not express any concern regarding potential adverse impact on Reserve Forest due to likely increase in noise levels. They also viewed that loss of trees can be overcome by compensatory plantation in the nearby areas.

6.6. Integration of Comments into the IEE 281. During discussions, notes were taken for all the issues raised and

suggestions made. References have been taken from public opinion where no official data were available for understanding of the study area characteristics. Each of the issues were then analysed for practical and scientific basis. The opinions were used for identifying impacts and developing management and monitoring plan, depending on their importance and practicality. For any significant concern, preventive or mitigative measures have been suggested drawing points from all the suggested measures.

6.7. Post IEE Public Participation and Information Disclosure 282. As per ADB procedure this IEE will be disclosed on ADB and EA’s

website.


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7. FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 283. The project involves doubling of railway track along with the existing

alignment. The track would be of standard broad gauge of 1.676m width with the distance of 5.90 m between two tracks. Key project activities involve rail bed formation, bridge constructions, construction & improvement of side drains, construction of residential accommodation and service building.

284. The project is classified as B in accordance with ADB Guidelines 2003 and SPS 09 requiring Initial Environmental Examinations. As per Indian Legislative system, no environmental clearance is required from Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India for railway project. However, other clearances like cutting of trees would be required as applicable.

285. The IEE has been conducted between April to August 2008 in consistent to the ADB‘s environmental assessment guidelines, 2003. The report was updated as per SPS 09 in November 2010. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized for the study supplemented by consultation with all types of stakeholders. Potential Environmental impacts were appraised Vis-à-vis project setting and proposed project activities.

7.1. Findings and Recommendations 286. The findings of IEE indicate that the project is unlikely to cause significant

adverse environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature. Some impacts require design considerations and are suitably addressed.

287. The alignment does not pass through any ecologically sensitive or protected areas. However, it does pass through some of the reserved forests but diversion of forest land is not involved. No archaeological/ protected monument either located in the project vicinity or likely to be affected. The land use pattern around the alignment is primarily agriculture. The impact is primarily due to land cleaning for rail bed formations, cutting of trees, transportation and handling of construction materials. These are broadly briefed in the following paragraph.

• The compensatory afforestation for felling of trees is proposed at the ratio 1:3. Additional plantation will be done at riverbanks and wherever land is available with railways in the station or other areas.

• Accidents risk is involved during both construction and operation phase. Provision of protective devices for workers and maintenance of equipments will help to avoid accident risks during construction. Provision of unmanned level crossing to manned level –crossing and underpasses near habitation and forest areas will reduce the accident risk during operation phase.

• There are no wild life movement corridors in the project area however, speed of the locomotives shall be controlled and


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reflective signage shall be posted in forest areas where accidental movement is anticipated.

• The project section is cutting across several water bodies including rivers. Design considerations have taken into account the highest flood level of bridges and culverts. Regular checks of existing surface drainage/streams/channels shall be made to avoid any water logging/seepage to rail bed.

• Soil erosion along embankment slope, cutting sections passing through loose & unconsolidated material will be prevented through turfing and pitching of embankment slopes.

• Large quantity of earth is required for the project. This will be mainly borrowed from nearby Government. wasteland. The guidelines for borrowing of earth and its rehabilitation has been included as part of mitigation measures and management plan.

• Predominant landuse along the project alignment is agricultural/open area which helps in adequate dispersion of air emission. Baseline air quality is also good. Further, the project implementation will reduce energy consumption due to shift of transport mode for bulk traffic and passenger remarkably from road to rail thereby reducing the GHG emission as well. Hence, the air quality in the area will improve in long term.

• Noise levels exceed the permissible limits during movement of train. This is for a very short duration. Noise sensitive locations shall be provided with multilayered plantation to reduce the impact. Provision of sand pockets and compaction of embankment in Vibration prone areas will reduce the vibration to acceptable limit.

• Groundwater abstraction is required for water during construction in some sections and for residential colonies during operation stage. This will have some stress on already diminishing groundwater resources. Measures like water harvesting shall be taken to conserve and augment the groundwater resources.

288. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually by implementing and updating the Environmental Management plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan.

289. The project received support and consent from most of local people. The local people did not perceive any adverse impact due to the proposed project. Environmental awareness and likewise concern were found generally low. NGO’s have welcomed it for the overall development of the area and has expressed that this is a much needed development for passenger movement and overall development of the area especially when the western part of the state of Orrisa is considered by them is comparatively less developed.


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290. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, ground water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts.

7.2. Conclusions 291. The project activity does not cause any significant adverse environmental

impact. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. However, the institutional and capacity strengthening measures shall be implemented for the same. All attempts shall be made to minimise cutting of the trees in the forest areas. The timely actions shall be needed for obtaining the permissions for cutting of trees. Contractor shall obtain all necessary permissions/NOC/Clearances as identified. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

292. Any major changes during detailed design or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities, if any clearance is involved. It shall also have to be sent to ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. Moreover, the executing agencies have to submit the detailed engineering designs to ADB, which will reviewed by them and examine whether major changes or major additional works have been included.


IV

APPENDIX 2.1 : Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

ROADS AND HIGHWAYS

(Suitably modified for the use of railway Project)

RAIPUR-TITLAGARH Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Instructions: • This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be

attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

• This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.

• This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation and (v) gender and development.

• Answer the questions assuming the without mitigation case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country / Project Title: IND: TA 4998 Sector Division: INRM – RAILWAY SECTOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Project Siting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?

Review is based on Reconnaissance site visit

• Cultural heritage site

• Protected area

Few portions of rail section is passing through the reserved forests They are Tumgaon RF, Khalari RF, Raintal RF, Ganjander RF and Bender-II RF. Other reserved forests located nearby are hathigarh RF, meratal RF, Chandil RF, Ramor RF and Lamthota RF. But no land acquisition is involved in the forest areas.

• Wetland

• Mangrove

• Estuarine


V

• Buffer zone of protected area None. • Special area for protecting biodiversity

Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause …

• Encroachment on historical / cultural area; disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries?

There are abundant quarries available in the nearby areas. No new quarry needs to be open for the project for ballast requirement. Morrum to be used in embankment is also available in abundance. Earth shall be borrowed from non-agricultural waste upland.

• Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)?

Although the project section passes through some reserve forest areas but neither acquisition of additional land nor any encroachment is envisaged due to the project

• Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by railways, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?

The proposed alignment is crossing through various rivers/rivulets. Important among them are Mahanadi and its tributaries. However no alternation of water hydrology is envisaged. All measures shall be taken so that watercourses is not affected, and temporary soil and rock stockpiles will be designed so that runoff will not induce sedimentation of waterways.

• Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction?

The adequate measures for sanitary waste and silt runoff shall be taken to prevent any such condition.

• Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, cutting and filling works, and chemicals from asphalt processing?

Local air pollution level is likely to be increased for short duration during construction period. Appropriate distance from settlement area and wind direction may be taken into account to locate air polluting facility like stone crushing unit etc.

• Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

Blasting is involved at few locations (near Turukela and Harishankar road, Kantabanji) the proposed alignment will pass through hard rock terrain. However, most of the blasting locations are away from inhabited areas. Likely increase in underwater noise level due to bridge construction (pile driving) especially on Mahanadi and Jonk river is expected to be below


VI

the sound pressure level that could cause fish injury and death.

• Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

R&R issues apparently of low-medium magnitude. No. of likely to be displaced persons may be confirmed by RP.

• Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in the project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and stress?

Only occur during the construction phase.

• Hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre-existing roads?

Transport routes for construction vehicle shall be decided considering this aspect to avoid any hazardous driving condition. The transportation mostly will happen through existing roads.

• Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction camps and work sites, and possible transmission of communicable diseases from workers to local populations?

Appropriate waste management shall be adopted.

• Creation of temporary breeding habitats for mosquito vectors of disease? No such condition is anticipated

• Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people living in right-of-way?

Dislocation is envisaged at few locations particularly near Raipur city (Km 0.02- Km 6.20) area. Number of likely to be displaced families to be confirmed by RP.

• Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials and loss of life?

Temporarily during construction Stage. Adequate measures will be provided to prevent them.

• Increased noise and air pollution resulting from traffic volume?

Temporarily during construction phase. Increase in emission level due to rise in frequency of trains after doubling will be minor.

• Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road?

Temporarily during construction phase. Adequate preventive measures will take to prevent such risks.

The Project is categorized as B. As per MOEF latest EIA notification, no Environmental Clearance is required for this subproject. However, permissions for tree cutting will be required.


VII

Appendix 3.1 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

The finding[As Notified on 18th November 2009 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 16(2)(h) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981)].

*

Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104

** 24-horly / 8-hourly values should be met 98% of the time in the year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval.

Note 1:

• National Ambient Air Quality Standard: The levels of air quality necessary with an adequate margin of safety, to protect the public health, vegetation and property.

• Whenever and wherever two consecutive values exceed the limit specified above for the respective category, it would be considered adequate reason to institute regular/continuous monitoring and further investigation.

• The State Government/State Board shall notify the sensitive and other areas in the respective States within a period of six months from the date of Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

• The SPM standard has been dropped in the above standards. Instead PM2.5 standard has been added.

Pollutant Time-Weighted

Concentration µg/m3 in Ambient Air

Average Industrial, residential, Rural and

other areas

Ecologically Sensitive ( notified by

central Government)

SO2 Annual*

24 hours**

50

80

20

80

NOx Annual*

24 hours**

40

80

30

80

RSPM (PM10 ) Annual*

24 hours**

60

100

60

100

RSPM (PM2.5 ) Annual*

24 hours**

40

60

40

60

Lead Annual*

24 hours**

1

1.5

0.75 1

CO 8 Hours* 10000 4000 1 Hour** 5000 2000


VIII

Appendix 3.2 SOURCE: ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION RULES, 1986, SCHEDULE VII: NOISE LEVEL LIMITS OF GOI (IN LEQ DB(A))

Area/Class Day Time (6:00 AM to 9:00 PM)

Night Time (9:00 PM to 6:00 am)

Standard Standard

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40 Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule III


IX

Appendix 3.3 Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991)

S. No. Parameters Prescribed limits Probable effects Desirable Permissible 1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination.

5 pH 6.5 8.5 Affects taste, corrodes supply system.

6 HARDNESS, as CaCO3, mg/l 300 600

Causes scaling, excessive soap consumption, calcification of arteries.

7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 Causes staining of laundry and porcelain. In traces it is essential for nutrition.

8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000

May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. Taste, indigestion, corrosion & palatability are affected.

9 RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only when Water is chlorinated

0.20 - Excessive chlorination causes asthma, colitis & eczema

10 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS, mg/l 500 2000

May cause gastro-intestinal irritation, corrosion and laxative effect to new users.

11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200

Excessive Cause incrustation, deficiency causes rickets, essential for nervous, muscular, cardiac functions and in coagulation of blood.

12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100

Its salts are cathartics and diuretic. Excessive may cause laxative effect; deficiency causes structural and functional changes. It is activator of many enzyme systems.

13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50

Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency results in nutritional anemia in infants. Large amounts may result in liver damage, causes central nervous system irritation & depression. Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply systems.

14 SULPHATE, as SO4, mg/l 200 400

Causes gastro-intestinal irritation. Along with Mg or Na can have a cathartic effect Concentration more than 750 mg/l may have laxative effect.

15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100 Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very


X

S. No. Parameters Prescribed limits Probable effects Desirable Permissible

high concentration causes gastric cancer and effects central nervous & cardiovascular system.

16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 Reduces dental carries, very high concentration may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis.

17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation

Acute toxicity may be associated with renal, arterial hypertension, itai-itai (bone disease). Cd salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting & diarrhea.

18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation

Burning in mouth, severe inflammation of gastro-intestinal tract with vomiting and diarrhea. Chronic toxicity produces nausea, severe abdominal pain, paralysis, mental confusion, visual disturbances, and anemia etc.

19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 Essential & beneficial in human metabolism. Imparts astringent taste to water.

20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Cr6+ produces lung tumors, coetaneous and nasal mucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis.

21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Causes skin damage, circulatory problems, increases risk of skin cancer.

22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation Raises blood cholesterol, lowers blood sugar.

23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic

26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Causes nerve damage, thyroid problem.

27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation

Neurological and renal disturbances. Excess causes gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and disturbs the cholesterol metabolism.

28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30

Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems and metabolism processes. Excessive causes change in appetite and reduction in metabolism of iron to form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste and stains plumbing fixtures and laundry.

29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation Leads to hair, finger loss, and numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems.

30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 Affects central nervous system,


XI

S. No. Parameters Prescribed limits Probable effects Desirable Permissible

salts may cause nausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc.

31 ALKALINITY, as CaCO3, mg/l 200 600

Imparts unpleasant taste, deleterious to humans in presence of high pH, hardness and TDS.

32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001

Imparts toxicity, accumulates in different organs of body, affects immune and nervous systems. Carcinogenic.

33 PHOSPHATE, as PO4, mg/l No guideline

High concentration causes vomiting & diarrhea stimulates secondary hyperthyroidism and bone loss.

34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline Harmful to persons suffering from cardiac, renal & circulatory diseases.

35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline Essential nutrition element but excessive amounts are cathartic.

36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline

Non-toxic element but may be carcinogenic in animals, can react with DNA resulting in DNA damage in animals.

37

PATHOGENS a)TOTAL COLIFORM No/dl b)FAECAL COLIFORM No/dl

1 10

Causes water borne diseases like coliform jaundice; Typhoid, Cholera etc. produces infections involving skin mucous membrane of eyes, ears and throat.

38

RADIOACTIVITY: -BETA PARTICLES -ALPHA PARTICLES -RADIUM

0-4 millirem/year

0-15 picocuries/year 0-05 Pico curies/year

Increases risk of cancer.


XII

Appendix 3.4 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR FRESHWATER

CLASSIFICATION (CPCB, 1979)

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), mg/L, Min

6 5 4 4 -

Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, mg/L, max

2 3 3 - -

Total Coliform organism **, MPN/100ml, Max

50 500 5000 - -

pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 – 9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Free Ammonia (as N), mg/L, Max

- - - 1.2 -

Electrical Conductivity, µmhos/cm, max

- - - - 2250

Sodium absorption Ratio

- - - - 26

Boron, mg/L, Max - - - - 2 A) Drinking water sources without conventional treatment but after disinfecting B) Outdoor Bathing (organized) C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfecting D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal


XIII

Appendix 3.5 LIST OF MAMMALS

Sl. No English Name Scientific name 1 Short nosed fruitbat Cynopterus sphinx 2 Flying fox bat Pterosus quiganteus 3 Tiger Panthera tigris 4 Pangolin Manis crassicaudata 5 Wild dog Cuon alpinus 6 Jungle Cat Felis chaus affinus 7 Wild Boar Sus scrofa cristatus 8 Malayan Giant squirel Ratufa biclolor 9 Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus

10 Jackal Canis aures 11 The four horned antelope Tetracerus guadricornis 12 Leopard cat Felis bengalensis 13 Beared sheath tailed bat Taphozous melanopogon 14 Leopard Panthera pardus 15 Spotted Deer Axis axis 16 Grey musk shrew Suncus murinus 17 Ratel Mellivora capensis 18 Bison Bos gaurus 19 Three striped palm squirrel Funambulus palmanum 20 Five striped palm Squirrel Funambulus pennanti 21 Mouse Deer Tragulus meminna 22 Elephant Elephas maximus 23 Haeyna Hayaena hyaena 24 Porcupine Hystrix indica 25 Hare Lepus nigricicollis 26 Fox Vulpes bengalensis 27 Barking deer Muntiacus muntijack 28 Rhesus macaque Macaca mullata 29 Honuman Langur Presbytis entellus 30 Rat Rattus rattus 31 White tailed wood rat R. blanfordii 32 Small Indian mangoose Heypestes edwardsi 33 Blue bull Boselaphus tragocamelus


XIV

Appendix 3.6 :LIST OF REPTILES

A. Lizards:

Sr. No English Name Scientific Name Family

1 House Lizard Hemidactylus brooki gray Gekkonidae

2 ------------------ Cyrtodactylus nebulosus Gekkonidae

3 Rock Gecko Hemidactylus macularus Gekkonidae

4 Hemidactylus faviviridis Gekkonidae 5 Land Monitor Lizard Varanus bengalensis Varanidae 6 Land Monitor Lizard Varanus flavescens Varanidae 7 Water Monitor Lizard Varanus salvator Varanidae

B. Snakes:

Sr. No English Name Scientific Name Family

1 Common Blind Snake Ramphotyphlops braminus Typhlopidae

2 Indian Python Python molurus molurus Boidae 3 Russels Earthboa Eryx conicus Boidae 4 ------------------- Enhydris enhydis Colubridae 5 ------------------- Enhydris sieboldi Colubridae 6 Copper Head Elephe helena Colubridae 7 Rat Snake Elephe radiata Colubridae 8 Checkeered Keelback Ptyas mucosus Colubridae 9 ------------------- Xenochorphis piscator Colubridae

10 King Cobra Naja naja naja Elapidae 11 Cobra Naja kauthia Elapidae 12 Russel viper Ophiophagus hannah Elapidae 13 Saw scale viper Viper russeli Viperidae

Appendix 3.7 :LIST OF AMPHIBIANS

Sl No English Name Scientific Name Family

1 Common Indian Toad Bufo melanostictus Bufonidae

2 Marbled Toad Bufo stomaticus Microhylidae

3 Marbled Baloon Frog Uperodon systoma Microhylidae


XV

4 Baloon Frog Uperodon globulosus Microhylidae

5 Ornale Microhylid Microhyla ornata Microhylidae

6 Variable Ramanella Ramanella variegate -------------

7 Skipping Frog Rana cyanophylyctis Ranidae

8 Leaping Frog Rana erytharaea Ranidae

9 Indian Bull Frog Rana tigrina Ranidae

10 Jerdon's Bull Frog Rana Crassa Ranidae

11 Fungoid Frog Rana malabarica Ranidae

12 Gunther's Warty Frog Rana keralensis Ranidae

13 Paddy- Field Frog Rana limnocharis Ranidae

14 Bowing Frog Tamopterna breviceps Ranidae

15 Tree Frog Polypedates maculatus Ranidae


XVI

Appendix 3.8 List of Birds (in forests of Orissa)

Sr. No English Name Scientific Name


1 Common myna Acridotheres tristis 54 White throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis

2 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus 55 Crested Tree Swift

Hemiprocne coronata

3 Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula 56 Cinnamon bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus

4 Brown Cheeked Fulvetta Alcippe poioicephala 57 Great grey shrike Lanius excubitor

5 White Breasted Waterhen

Amauronis phoenicurus 58 Pallas's Gull Larus icthyaetus

6 Asian Openbill Stork Anastomus oseitans 59 Blackheaded Gull Lrus ridibundus

7 Darter Anhinga melanogaster 60 Black Headed Munia

Lonchura malacca

8 Little cormorant Phalacrocorax niger 61 Munia Lonchura punctulata

9 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis 62 Coppersmith Barbet

Megalaima haemacephala

10 Malawar Pied Hornbill Anthrococeros coronatus 63 Brownheaded barbet

Megalaima zeylenica

11 House Swift Apus affinis 64 Green bee eater Merops orientalis

12 Grey heron Ardea cinerea 65 Blue tailed bee eater Merops phillipinus

13 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola cinerea 66 Black Kite Milvus migrans 14 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum 67 Rufous Winged Bushlark Mirafra assamica

15 Spotted Owlet Athene brama 68 Asian Brown flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica

16 Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis 69 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo

17 Spotted bellied eagle owlet Bubo nipalensis 70 Purple sunbird

Nectarinia astatica

18 Eurasian Thick Knee Burhinus oedicnemus 71 Black Crowned night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax

19 Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus 72 Black headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus

20 Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus 73 Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius

21 Lesser Coucal Cencetropus bengalensis 74 Eurasian scops owl Otus scoops

22 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis 75 House Sparrow Passer domesticus

23 Pied Kingfisher Cerlyle rudis 76 Indian Peefowl Pavo cristatus

24 Goldenfronted leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons 77 Puff throated Babbler

Pellorneum ruficeps

25 Blue Winged leafbird Chloropsis cochinchinensis 78 Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica

26 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus 79 Grey headed woodpacker Picus canus


XVII



27 Chestnut Winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus 80 Pacific Golden Plover

Ploceus phillipinus

28 Rock Pigeon Columba livia 81 Little Grebe Podiceps ruficollis

29 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis 82 Rufescent Prinia Prinia rufuscens

30 White Rumped Shan Copsychus malabaricus 83 Grey breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii

31 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis 84 Rufous fronted Prinia Prinia buchanani

32 Malabar Trogon Harpactes fasciatus 85 Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria

33 Large-Billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos 86 Roseringed Parakeet

Psittacula krameri

34 House crow Corvus splendens 87 White Browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus

35 White Browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola 88 Red Whishered Bulbul pyononotus jacosus

36 Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius 89 red Vented Bulbul Pyononotus cafer

37 Indian cuckoo Cuculus micropterus 90 Red headed vulture Sacrocogyps calvus

38 Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocyhna javanica 91 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela

39 Fulvus Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor 92 Changeable Hawk Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus

40 Black drongo Dicrusus macrocercus 93 Spotted dove Stereptopelia chinensis

41 White bellied drongo Dicrusus caerulescens 94 Eurasian collared dove

Stereptopelia decaocto

42 Greater Racket tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus 95 Woodsandpiper Tringa glareola

43 Spangled Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus 96 Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus 44 Lttle egret Egetta garzetta 97 Common green Shank Tringa guttifer

45 Red headed bunting Emberiza bruniceps 98 Common babbler Turdoides caudatus

46 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea 99 Rufous Babbler

Turdoides subrufus

47 Black frankolin Francolinus francolinus 100 Large grey babbler

Turdoies malcolmi

48 Common snipe Gallinago gallinago 101 Barn owl Tyto alba 49 Painted Spurfowl Galloperodix lunulata 102 Common hoopoe Upupa epops 50 Redjungle fowl Gallus gallus 103 Red Wattled Lapwing Venellus indicus 51 Grey jungle fowl Gallus sonneratii 104 Orange headed thrush Zoothera citrina 52 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus 105 Little stint Calidris minuta

53 Hill Myna Gracula religiosa 106 Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii


XVIII

Appendix 3.9 LIST OF FLORA

A. Trees: Sl. No. Scientific Name Family

Sl. No. Scientific Name Family

1 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae 41 Grewia tiliofolia Tiliaceae 2 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 42 Gradenia latiofolia Rubiaceae 3 Spondias pinnata Anacardiaceae 43 Gradenia tiliofolia Rubiaceae 4 Bahinia malbarica Caesalpiniace 44 Ehretia laevis Boraginaceae 5 Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae 45 Holoptelia integrifolia Ulmaceae

6 Alanginium salviifolium Alangiaceae 46 Plectronia didyum Rubiaceae

7 Emlica officianalis Euphorbiaceae 47 Albizzia procea Mimosaceae 8 Terminalia arjuna Combreataceae 48 Dalbergia paniculata Papilionaceae 9 Terminalia alata Combreataceae 49 Ficus glomerata Moraceae

10 Saraca asoca Caesalpiniace 50 Eucalyptus spp. Mytraceae 11 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 51 Dimorphocalyx glabellus Euphorbiaceae 12 Terminalia belerica Combreataceae 52 Gmelina arborea Verbanaceae 13 Ougenia oojenesis Papilionaceae 53 Milliusa velutina Annonaceae 14 Kydia caycina Malvaceae 54 Cochlospermum religiosum Bixaceae 15 Acacia nilotica Papilionaceae 55 Albizzia oderatisima Mimosaceae 16 Erythrina suberosa Malvaceae 56 Zizyphus glaberrima Rhamnaceae 17 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 57 Zizyphus xylopyna Rhamnaceae 18 Bauhinia purpurea Moraceae 58 Albizia chinensis Mimosaceae 19 Zizyphus mauritiana Capparidaceae 59 Ailanhus excelsa Simarubaceae 20 Crateva religiosa 60 Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleaceae 21 Melia composita Meliaceae 61 Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae 22 Hespenthusa alata Rutaceae 62 Pterocarpus xylocarpum Sterculiaceae 23 Naringi crenulata Rutaceae 63 Acacia leucopholia Mimosaceae 24 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 64 Gardenia gummiflora Rubiaceae 25 Casearia tomentosa Samybaceae 65 Diospytos montana Ebenaceae

26 Semecarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae 66 Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae

27 Chloroxylon sweitenia Meliaceae 67 Licuala peltata Palmaceae

28 Pterocarpus marsupium Papilionaceae 68 Terminalia hebula Combreataceae

29 Buchanania lanzen Anacardiaceae 69 Barringtonia acutangla Barringtoniaceae 30 Vitex penduncularis Verbenaceae 70 Syzygium cuminii Myrtaceae 31 Santalum album Santalaceaeh 71 Eugenia jambulana 32 Elaedendron glaucum Celastraceae 72 Listia glutinosa Lauraceae 33 Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae 73 Ficus infectoria Myrtaceae


XIX

B. SHRUBS:

Sl No. Scientific Name Family Sl No. Scientific Name Family

1 Blepharis madseraspatensia 40 Crotalaria spectabilis Papilionaceae

2 Eranthemuym purpurascens 41 Streblus taxoides Moraceae

3 Premna hamiltoni 42 Terenna asiatica Rubiaceae 4 Permna calycina 43 Strobilanthes scaber Acanthaceae

5 Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae 44 Glochidion lanceolarium

Euphorbiaceae

6 Vernonia aspera Asteraceae 45 Murraya paniculata Rutaceae 7 Carissa opaca Apoocynaceae 46 Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae 8 Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae 47 Ficus tinctoria Moraceae 9 Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 48 Manikara hexandra Sapotaceae

10 Cycas circinalis Cycadaceae 49 Mimosa himalayana Mimosaceae 11 Capparis hrevispina Capparaceae 50 Pavetta crassiculis Rubiaceae

12 Eupatorium odoratum Asteraceae 51 Clerodendron viscosum Verbenaceae

13 Anona squamosa Asteraceae 52 Holarrhena pubescens

Apoocynaceae

14 Symphorema polyandum Verbenaceae 53 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae 15 Tragia involucrate Euphorbiaceae 54 Lantana camara Verbenaceae

16 Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae 55 Dendropthoe falcate Loranthanceae

17 Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae 56 Antidesmum acidum Euphorbiaceae

18 Jasmunum arborescens Oleaceae 57 Helicteres isora Steruculiaceae

19 Fioria vitifolia Malvaceae 58 Cipadessa baccifera Meliaceae 20 Leea asiatica Vitaceae 59 Ardisia salanaceae Myrsinaceae 21 Phoenix acaulis Arecaceae 60 Atalantia monophylla Rutaceae

22 Kisticia adhatoda Acanthaceae 61 Rauvolfia serpentina Apoocynaceae

23 Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 62 Oroxylum indicum Bignoniaceae

24 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 63 Catunaregam malabarica Rubiaceae

25 Spatholoburghii Leguminoceae 64 Catunaregam nutans Rubiaceae

26 Casia obtusiflia Ceasalpiniaceae 65

Desmodiremo tringulare Papilionaceae

34 Cassia siamea Caesalpiniace 74 Arthocephalus lacucha Myrtaceae 35 Michelia Champaca Magnoliaceae 75 Citrus medica Myrtaceae 36 Cassine glauca Verbenaceae 76 Anthocephalus chinensis Rubiaceae

37 Glycosmis pentaphylla Rutaceae 77 Limonia acidissima Rutaceae

38 Stereospermum angustifolum Bignonioceae 78 Garuga pinnata Burseraceae

39 Ctex peduncularis Verbenaceae 79 Glochidion lanceolarium Euphorbiaceae 40 Anogeisus latifolia Cobretaceae 80 Mallotus phillippensis Euphorbiaceae


XX

Sl No. Scientific Name Family Sl No. Scientific Name Family

27 Crotolaria junceae Papilionaceae 66 Flemingia chappar Papilionaceae

28 Canthium dicoccum Rubiaceae 67 Zanthoxylum armatum Rutaceae

29 Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae 68 Colocasia esculenta Araceae

30 Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 69 Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae

31 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae 70 Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbiaceae

32 Nyctanthes arbortristics Oleaceae 71 Grewia helicterifolia Tilliaceae 33 Clerodendron infortunatum Verbenaceae 72 Ixora pavetta Rubiaceae 34 Indigofera cassioldes Fabaceae 73 Wndlandia tectoria Rubiaceae

35 Diospyos ferrea Ebenaceae 74 Catunarengam ulilginosa Rubiaceae

36 Gardenia gummiferra Rubiaceae 75 Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae 37 Pogostemon benghasensis Lamiaceae 76 Bambusa mutans

38 Phulanthus reticularis Euphorbiaceae 77 Gigantchloa hasskarliana

39 Schefflera venulosa Araliaceae 78 Dendrocalamus strictus

C. CLIMBERS:

Sr. No. Scientific Name Family Sr. No. Scientific Name Family

1 Cissampelos pareira Menispermaceae 22 Pueraria tuberosa Papilionaceae 2 Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae 23 Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscoreaceae 3 Combretum decandrum Combretaceae 24 Calamus guruba Arecaceae

4 Milletia extensa Papilionaceae 25 Ventilago madraspatana Rhamnaceae

5 Capparis zeylancia Capparaceae 26 Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae 6 Argyreia setosa Convolvulaceae 27 Calycopteris floribunda Combretaceae 7 Bauhinia roxburghiana Caesalpinaceae 28 Zizyphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae 8 Mucuna pruiens Papilionaceae 29 Dioscorea belophyla Dioscoreaceae 9 Dioscorea hispada Dioscoreaceae 30 Dioscorea puber Dioscoreaceae

10 Trichosanthes cucumerina Cucurbitaceae 31 Butea superba Papilionaceae

11 Atylosia scarabaeoides Papilionaceae 32 Hiptagebenghalensis Melpighiacerae 12 Opilia amentacea Opiliaceae 33 Canavalia gladiata Papilionaceae

13 Tragia involurata Euphoribiaceae 34 Trichosanthes tricuspidata Cucurbitaceae

14 Butea monosperma Papilionaceae 35 Gnetum ula Gnetaceae 15 Acacia sinuata Mimosaceae 36 Smilax zeylanica Smilaceae 16 Entada rheedii Mimosaceae 37 Butea parviflora Papilionaceae 17 Milletia ariculata Papilionaceae 38 Dioscorea oppositifolia Dioscoreaceae 18 Marsdenia tenacissima Asclepiadaceae 39 Pergularia docmia Asclepiadaceae 19 Caesalpinia bigyna Caesalpinaceae 40 Calamus viminalis Arecaceae


XXI

Sr. No. Scientific Name Family Sr. No. Scientific Name Family

20 Cryptolepis buchanani Periplocaceae 41 Cissus assamica Vitaceae 21 Gymnema sylvestre Asclapidaceae D. HERBS:

Sl. No Scientific Name Family

Sl. No Scientific Name Family

1 Achyranthes bidentata Amaranthaceae 21 Desmodium gangeticum Fabaceae

2 Ageratum conyzoides Astreraceae 22 Elephantopus scaber Astreraceae 3 Allmania nodiflora Amaranthaceae 23 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae 4 Alysicarpus hamosus Amaranthaceae 24 Indigofera trita Fabaceae 5 Amberboa ramosa Astreraceae 25 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae 6 Ammanla baccifera Lythraceae 26 Kalanchoe pinnata Crassulaceae 7 Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae 27 Dalzellia zeyianica Pedostemaceae

8 Anisomeles indica Lamiaceae 28 Lapidagathis fasciculata Acanthaceae

9 Argemone mexicana Papoveraceae 29 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae 10 Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae 30 Musa ornata Musaceae

11 Curcuma angustifolia Zingiberaceae 31 Peucedanum nagpurenrse Apiaceae

12 Curcuma aromaticca Zingiberaceae 32 Piper longum Piperaceae 13 Canscora decussta Gentianaceae 33 Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae 14 Celosia argenteae Amaranthaceae 34 Solanum virginianum Solanaceae

15 Chlorophytum arudinaceum Liliaceae 35

Strachytarpheta jamaicensis Verbenaceae

16 Costus speciosus Zingiberaceae 36 Sansevieria roxburghiana Agavaceae

17 Crotolaria epunctata Fabaceae 37 Tridax procumbens Astreraceae 18 Cassia obtusifolia Caesalpinaceae 38 Triumfetta rhomboidea Tiliaceae 19 Commelina benghalensis Commelinaceae 39 Zingiber purpureum Zingiberaceae 20 Centella asiatiaca Apiaceae

E. PTERIDOPHYTES/FERNS

Sr. No Scientific Name Family


1 Adiantum caudatum Adiantaceae 21 Dryopteris Cochleata Dryopteridaceae

2 Actinopteris radiatama Aciniopteridaceae 22 Eqsuisetum rammossissimum Equisetaceae

3 Adiantum philippense Adiantaceae 23 Heminotis arifolia Hemion tidaceae 4 Angiopteris evecta Angiopteridaceae 24 Lygodium flexcuosum Lygodiaceae

5 Alsophila gigantean Cytheaceae 25 Macrothelyptris torresiana Thelypteridaceae


XXII



6 Alsophila spinulosa Cytheaceae 26 Marsilea quadrifolia Marsileaceae 7 Asplenium perakense Aspleniaceae 27 Microlepia speluncae Dennstaedtiaceae

8 Athyrium hohenackerianum Athyriaceae 28

Ophioglossum reticulatum Ophioglossaceae

9 Athyrium falcatum Athyriaceae 29 Paraleptochilus decurrens Polypodiceae

10 Athyrium parasnathense Athyriaceae 30 Pneumatopteris truncata Thelypteridaceae

11 Azolla pinnata Azollaceae 31 Pronephirum nudatum Thelypteridaceae 12 Blechnum orientale Blechnaceae 32 Pteris biaurita Pteridaceae 13 Bilbitis costata Lomariopsidaceae 33 Pteridium aquilinum Dennstaedtiaceae 14 Bolbitis contaminans Lomariopsidaceae 34 Pyrrosia mollis Polypodiceae 15 Ceratopteris thalictroides Parkeriaceae 35 Selaginella nairii Salaginellaceae 16 Chielanthes tenuifolia Cheilanthaceae 36 Selaginella indica Salaginellaceae 17 Christella parasitica Thelypteridaceae 37 Sphenomeris chinensis Lindsaeaceae 18 Diplazium esculentum Anthyriaceae 38 Tecteria citutaria Aspidiaceae 19 Drynaria quefolia Drynariaceae 39 Nephrolipis brisesrata Nephrolepidaceae 20 Dryopteris sparsa Dryopteridaceae


XXIII

APPENDIX 4.1: GREEN HOUSE GASES EMISSION CALCULATIONS

Reduction in GHGs Emission 1. In case, if no doubling of section takes place it will raise the pressure on

the existing section which is already running more than capacity. Then road transportation will be used for movements of freights instead of rail. The incremental CO2 emission from trucks in case of movement via road traffic is calculated. A comparison has been done of CO2 emission as presented in a) GHGs Emissions if traffic moved via Trucks and b) GHGs Emissions if traffic moved via freight trains

a) GHGs Emissions if traffic moved via Trucks

2. The CO2 emission for “ Raipur to Tiltagarh” section was indicatively calculated based on the traffic volume transmitted through Trucks via Highways i.e. National Highways, State Highways with the following conditions:

A total traffic of 5 Million Tonne Per Annum has been assessed to move on this line from the year 2010-11 (1st year of operation) as per information available thorough Railway Board, Delhi.

The shortest distance between Raipur to Tiltagarh considered as 250.8 kms will move via NH- 6 (from Raipur- Arang) and NH 217 (Arang to Titlagarh).

Each truck can move with the total load of 25 tonne.

Estimated fuel efficiency for all trucks is 3.10 km/l.

b) GHGs Emissions if traffic moved via freight trains 3. The CO2 emission for the “Raipur to Tiltagarh” section was indicatively

calculated based on the traffic volume transmitted through freight trains with the following conditions:

A total traffic of 5 million Tonne Per Annum has been assessed to move on this line from the year 2010-11( 1st year of operation) as per information available thorough Railway Board, Delhi.

Distance travelled between Raipur to Titlagarh via train is 202 kms.

After comparison of both a and b conditions; as conclusive evidence it can be seen that there will be total saving of 97.59 tonnes of CO2

in a day after doubling of the tracks. Benefits are generated not only for cargo, but also for passengers. Furthermore, positives benefits extend beyond freight to common man commuter


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a) GHGs Emissions if traffic moved via Trucks

S.No

Total Load

(tonnes)

Trailing load per trucks (tones)

Number of trucks per

year

Numbers of

trucks per day

Fuel efficiency (liters/km)

Fuel consumption (liters)

Conversion Ratio

(GJ Calorie)

Diesel(GJ)

Conversion Ratio (kg/GJ)

CO2 Mass (kg)

CO2 mass (tonnes

per annum)

CO2 mass (tonnes per day)

5,000,000

25 200000 547.9452 3.1 12,838,709.68 0.0387 496,858.06

74.1 36,817,182.58

36,817.18 100.87

Diesel energy conversion:0.3870 GJ/litre, CO2 Emissions: 74.1 kgCO2/GJ(IPCC data)

Fuel efficiency: Japan Ministry of National Transport

b) GHGs Emissions if traffic moved via freight trains

S.No.

Total Load

(tonnes)

Trailing load per

train (tonnes)

Number of trains per

year

Number of trains per day

fuel efficiency of diesel

locomotive (liter/km)

Fuel consumption (liters)

Conversion Ratio

(GJ Calorie)

Diesel(GJ) Conversion

Ration (kg/GJ)

CO2 Mass (kg)

CO2 generation per km per day

1 5,000,000 4524 1105.2166 3.027991 2.65 230.81 0.0387 8.93 74.1 661.90 3.28


XXV

APPENDIX 4.2: GUIDE LINES FOR BORROW AREAS MANAGEMENT

1. SELECTION OF BORROW AREAS Borrow areas shall be finalized either form the list of locations identified during IEE, recommended by DPR consultants or new areas identified by contractor. The finalization of locations identified DPR consultant depends upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor. Agreement is not reached between the contractor and landowners for the identified borrow areas sites. In such cases arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor.

The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations.

(1) The borrow area should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available.

(2) The borrow pits should not be located along the roads.

(3) The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum.

(4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum.

(5) Sufficient quality of soil is available.

(6) The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available.

2. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILTY The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing program approved by the Engineer. It shall be ensured that the sub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following;

(1) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction plants is operating at the place of deposition.

(2) No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the Contract shall be removed from the site. Contractor should be permitted to remove acceptable material from the site to suit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from.

(3) Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un-acceptable materials, the Contractor shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent


XXVI

works without contamination by the un-acceptable materials. The acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately.

(4) The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavation or fills by the methods of stockpiling materials, use of plants or siting of temporary buildings or structures.

3. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile.

(ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal).

(iii) Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5m from the existing ground level.

(iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding

300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate

drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical:

Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15

cm topsoil aside.

B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands



(iii) At location where private owners desire their fields to be leveled, the borrowing shall be done to a depth of not more than 1.5m or up to the level of surrounding fields

C. Borrow Areas near River side



(iii) Borrow area near to any surface water body will be at least at a distance of 15m from the toe of the bank or high flood level, whichever is greater.

D. Borrow Areas near Settlements


XXVII



(iii) Borrow pit location will be located at least 0.75 km from villages and settlements. If un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 cm and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage.

(iv) Borrow pits located in such location will be re-developed immediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a layers of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect MOEF/PPCB guidelines.

4. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits in a stable condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level. Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following;

• Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original round surface.

• Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. In that case, such borrow area will be photographed after their post use restoration and Environment Expert of Supervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment.

The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre-project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.


XXVIII

APPENDIX 5.1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Issue/ Component

Remedial Measure Reference to laws and Contract

Documents

Approximate Location

Time Frame

Mitigation Cost

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

A. Design and Construction Stage 1. Alignment

Constricted Sections along

the proposed alignment

• Minimize interference to, human settlements,

• Avoidance to sensitive location • Avoid dismantling • Inadequate land width/RoW. • Avoid cutting of Steep hill slopes • Sharp Curve improvement •

Design requirement

Switch over of alignment km 28.29, km 96.63 km 126.5 km 136.5 km 150.3

During the design stage

Project preparation cost

Design Consultant

RVNL, PMC

2. Climate

Localise Climatic Conditions

• Minimize tree cutting by geometric improvement.

• Compensatory Tree plantation (1:3) • Addition plantation on river banks,

station areas and wherever additional suitable land is available with Railway.

Kyoto protocol, Forest Conservation Act of India

Through out the project section

During design and Construction Stage

Compensatory tree Plantation Through forest department as per cost determined by Forest department. Additional tree plantation within ROW or spare Railway land, for which cost would be paid as per BOQ.

RVNL and Forests Department, Contractor,

RVNL, PMC

3. Natural Hazard


XXIX



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision Flooding/Water logging

• Provision of adequate cross drainage structures.

• Improved drainage to restrict the flooding due to poor drainage.

• Compaction of embankment near flood prone areas.

Design requirement

Throughout the stretch especially near water crossings

Flood prone areas viz. Mandir Hasaud, -Lakholi section and near Muri Bahal Station (km 185 – km 186)

Design Stage

Project preparation Cost

Design Consultant

RVNL, PMC

4. Air Quality

Dust Generation due construction activities, and transport, Storage and handling of construction materials

• Transport of loose and fine materials through covered vehicles.

• Loading and unloading of construction materials in covered areas or provision of water fogging around these areas to arrest the dust generation.

• Approach roads shall be paved and widened.

• Storage areas to be located downwind of the habitation area.

• Water spraying on earthworks, unpaved haulage roads, other dust prone areas and construction yard.

• Controlled blasting in hill cutting areas. • Provision of PPEs to workers.

Environmental Protection Act, 1986; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof

Throughout project corridor, Construction sites, Loading areas, storage areas, Transport route, and hill cutting in loose-soil areas

During the Construction stage

Included in construction cost

Contractor RVNL, PMC

Emission from vehicle, equipments and machinery.

• Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment.

• Mixing plants and asphalt to be sited at least 1 Km in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement.

• Hotmix plant to be fitted with adequate stack height as prescribed by SPCB.

• Obtain prior consent ( no objection

Environmental Protection Act, 1986; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof

Asphalt mixing plants, DG sets locations





XXX



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision certificate) from state pollution control board for installation and operation of above equipments

• DG sets to be fitted with stacks of adequate height as per regulations (Height of stack = height of the building + 0.2 √ KVA and low sulphur diesel to be used in DG sets as well as machineries.

• Monitoring of air quality as per EMoP.

Included in monitoring cost

5. Noise and Vibration

Noise from construction vehicle, equipment and machinery.

• All equipment to be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its operational noise.

• Construction equipment and machinery to be fitted with silencers and maintained properly.

• Provision of temporary noise barrier at sensitive locations. Time regulation near residential and other sensitive areas.

• Construction timings to be regulated near inhabited and sensitive locations.

• Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines.

• Speed control shall be enforced in forest areas.

• Noise monitoring as per EMoP.

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereof

Throughout project section especially at construction sites, major bridge locations and probable blasting locations. Provision of temporary noise barrier along settlement areas between km 0.00 – km 6.000)


Included in construction Cost. Monitoring Cost as indicated In EMoP.

Contractor

RVNL, PMC

Noise and vibration due to blasting and loose

• Blasting if required shall be restricted to daytime hours.

• Blasting schedules shall be publicly

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules,

Cutting sections viz. Harishanker Road-Turukela-



Contractor


XXXI



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision soil posted in areas where residents may be

affected by the noise. 2000 and its amendments

Kantabanji sections where blasting may be required.

6. Land and Soil Land use Change

and Loss of productive/top soil

• Agricultural areas not to be used as borrow areas unless requested by the landowner for making ponds or for lowering the land for making it cultivable.

• Top soil shall be preserved and laid over either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion or spread over in the proposed plantation areas. or spread over borrow areas for its rehabilitation.

Design requirement

Through out the project section

During construction Stage



Slop protection and Soil erosion due to construction activities, earthwork, and cut & fill etc.

• Construction schedule for bridges preferably during non-monsoon season.

• Scouring protection structures shall be built at river bank slopes. If banks are damaged, the same shall be repaired immediately after completion of construction activity.

• Adequate provision of cross drainage structure to maintain the natural drainage pattern.

• Provision of side drain to guide the water to natural outfalls.

• Provision of stone pitching wherever necessary.

• Ballast/earth available from cutting shall be used for filling, as construction of access road, stations and embankments.

• Soil shall be is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be

Design requirement

Throughout the stretch especially at all major river bridges and hill cutting areas.

Design and construction stage

Project Preparation and construction cost

Design Consultant and Contractor,

RVNL, PMC


XXXII



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision Land Sliding

buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. • Turfing of embankment slopes shall be

done along the stretch. Provision shall be made for slope protection frames, dry stone pitching, and masonry retaining walls as may be required.

• All steep cuts both in hard rock areas and unconsolidated soil shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted immediately in loose soil area.

• Periodic visual checking of soil erosion on slopes and high embankment areas along rail and implementation of suitable soil erosion prevention measures like bio turfing

• Adequate engineering measures such as retaining walls shall be taken to avoid any accident anticipated at landslide vulnerable location. As a secondary prevention measures construction of barricades to restrict the boulders fall on the railway lines

Soil erosion at earth stockpiles

• The earth stockpiles to be provided with gentle slopes to prevent soil erosion.

Design requirement

At earth stockpiles construction stage

construction cost


Borrow areas and quarries ( erosion, loss of productive land, land degradation, air pollution)

• Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner.

• Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to lower the level of the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level.

• No private/fertile land acquisition shall

IRC Guidelines on borrow areas and for quarries (Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; Water Act, Air Act)

All Identified Borrow sites and quarries location.

During construction




XXXIII



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision be done for borrow areas. Borrow pits shall not be selected nearby the settlement.

• Priority shall be given to the borrowing from humps/upland/mounds and lowering of agricultural fields above the general ground level. However, lowering of the agricultural fields shall be with the consent of farmer.

• The depths in borrow pits to be regulated so that the sides shall not be steeper than 25%,

• Borrow pits shall be centrally located to serve more than one site. The haulage distance from site should not be too far.

• Borrow area shall be rehabilitated. The rehabilitation option may include converting it into fish pond or any other use to be decided in consultation with land owner or community.

• Topsoil to be stockpiled and protected for use at the rehabilitation stage.

• Quarry material ( ballast) will be sourced only from licensed quarries and having valid consent from pollution control board.

Compaction of soil due to movement of vehicles and equipments

• Construction vehicles, machinery, and equipment to be stationed in the designated ROW to avoid compaction.

• Approach roads/haulage roads shall be designed along the barren and consolidated soil area to reduce the compaction.

Design requirement

Parking areas, Haulage roads and construction yards.

Just before commencement of construction



Contamination of soil due to leakage/spillage

• Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle

Design requirement

Fuelling stations, construction sites, and construction camps and

Just before commencement of construction


Contractor; RVNL, PMC


XXXIV



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision of oil, bituminous and non bituminous debris

slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils.

• All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labeled containers (Labeled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners.

• To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route.

• Approach roads shall be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction induced impact on soil.

• The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity.

• Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non biodegradable waste. The non biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Bio degradable waste shall be compacted in mechanised and movable composter. Non biodegradable and non saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in

disposal location.


XXXV



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision a secured manner.

• Unusable debris shall be either reused or sent for land filling.

• 7. Water Resources

Depletion of Groundwater resources due to unregulated abstraction for construction purpose

• Contractor will arrange and ensure maximize use of surface water. The ground water extraction shall be made with due permission.

• Maximize available surface water resources in the project area.

• No abstraction from all ready depleted aquifers.

• Water intensive activities preferably not to be undertaken during summer period (April, May June)

• Augmentation through incorporating water harvesting structures at all the stations in technically feasible.

Design requirement Groundwater authority and irrigation department

Throughout the Project section

During Construction stage


Contractor, RVNL, PMC

Alteration in surface water hydrology due to embankment

• Existing drainage system to be maintained and further enhanced.

• Provision of adequate size and number of cross drainage structures.

•

Design requirement

Near all drainage channels, river crossings etc.




Siltation in water bodies due to construction activities/

earthwork

• Bridge construction preferably to be limited to the dry season or during low water flow period.

• Embankment slopes to be modified suitably to restrict the soil debris entering water bodies.

• Undertake adequate measures to prevent siltation of water bodies due to construction activities/storage of construction materials

Design requirement

Near all river water bodies where embankment slopes


Included in construction Cost



XXXVI



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision • Construction waste /debris should be

collected and stockpiled for possible reuse for land filling or slop protection. Earthworks and stone works to be prevented from impeding natural flow of rivers, streams and water canals or existing drainage system.

Deterioration in Surface water quality due to leakage from vehicles and equipments.

• Vehicles and equipment to be properly maintained and refueled at dedicated locations and not near surface water bodies.

• Oil and grease traps to be provided at re-fuelling locations.

• Construction camp to be sited away from water bodies.

• Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approve disposal site only.

• Water quality shall be monitored periodically.

The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof.

Water bodies, refueling stations, construction camps,

During Construction Stage

Included in construction costs Monitoring cost as indicated EMoP


8. Flora and Fauna Vegetation loss

due to site preparation and construction activities

• Suitable modifications in design to minimize tree cutting especially Medicinal and other important trees.

• Rail side trees to be removed with prior approval of DFO.

• Compensatory plantation at 1:3 basis • Provision of LPG in construction camp

as fuel source to avoid tree cutting.

Legal Requirement Forest

Throughout project corridor especially in forest areas

During the design and Construction stage

Included in construction Cost. Tree plantation costs indicated above

RVNL through DFO or contractor

RVNL, PMC

Impact on fishing activity (production,

• Siltation and water contamination shall be prevented to reduce turbidity.

• Restricting construction activity during

State Govt. Fisheries Department

Mainly at river Mahanadi and Jonk

During Construction Stage

Included in construction cost.



XXXVII



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision spawning and breeding grounds)

the breeding period in the months of April-August.

• Plantation In the riparian area of the rivers, to reduce erosion.

guidelines and Best practices

9. Construction Camps Impact associated

with location • All camps should maintain minimum

distance of 500 m from habitation, water bodies and through traffic route and1000m from forest areas.

Design Requirement

All construction camps


Included in Engineering/construction cost

Contractor in consultation with PMC

RVNL, PMC

worker’s Health in construction camp

• Adequate sanitation facilities to be provided at construction camps by means of septic tanks soak pits, etc.

• Proper drainage to be maintained around the sites to avoid water logging leading to disease.

• Preventive medical care to be provided to workers.

• Disposal of solid waste on regular basis at identified locations.

• Provision of day crèche for children

The Building and Other Construction workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996 and Cess Act of 1996 and The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof.

All construction camps

During construction stage

Included in Engineering/ construction Cost

Contractor. RVNL, PMC

10. Accident and Safety Risks Pedestrians,

animal and Vehicular movement,

• Pedestrian passageways shall be provided near settlement on both sides.

• Underpasses in forest areas at suitable locations and as feasible.

• All road crossings where traffic intensity is high shall preferably to be grade-

Design requirement

Near habitation on both sides near Raipur, level crossings, construction sites, haulage roads,

Included in Construction cost.

Contractor as per design

RVNL, PMC


XXXVIII



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision separated.

• Separation of two-way traffic by solid white centre lines or physical medians,

• Safe traffic circulation during construction.

• Temporary access and diversion will be provided wherever necessary, with proper drainage facilities.

diversion sites

Accident risk from construction activities

• Contractors to adopt and maintain safe working practices.

• Usage of fluorescent signage, in local language at the construction sites

• Training shall be provided to workers, especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions.

• The contractors to appoint a safety officer mandatory.

• At every work place, a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, a mode of transport (ambulance), nursing staff, and doctor to be provided.

Central Motor and Vehicle Act 1988 Noise Rules 2002

Construction sites Construction period

Included in project cost.


9. Shifting of Common Property Resources and other Utilities Shifting of community properties

• Geometric adjustment while finalizing the alignment to minimize the loss to any such facilities.

• Relocation of all water sources viz. wells, hand pumps at suitable locations.

Project requirement

Throughout the corridor

Before Construction

Cost of Loss of structures as per R&R Cost.

RVNL, NGO and R&R Unit or agency nominated by RVNL

RVNL, PMC

Shifting of other utilities

• All telephone and electrical poles/wires and underground cables should be shifted with all care to avoid any such hazard

Project requirement


Before Construction


Contractor or any other agency nominated by RVNL

B. Operation Stage 1. Climate


XXXIX



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision Global Warming

Effect • Monitoring for survival of

compensatory plantation • Existing locomotives shall be

maintained for increased fuel efficiency and new locomotives should be more fuel efficient

Kyoto Protocol Throughout the corridor

During Operation

Part of railway operation and maintenance costs

South- Eastern Central Railways (Raipur Division), Sambhalpur Division of East Coast Railway

2. Air quality Emission from

locomotives • Use of ultra-low sulfur diesel and

energy efficient locomotives. • Optimizing the running time with

efficient operation modules.

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof.

Through out the project route.

During whole operation period



Fugitive emission due to loading/ unloading and transport of iron ore/coal

• Specific guidelines shall be formulated for material handling practices (particularly for loading and unloading) of the materials. Instruction defining precautions like:

o Avoid practices of throwing of the bags while unloading from racks and loading to trucks.

o The spillover material shall be collected immediately after unloading and efforts shall be made for its recycle / reuse.

o Use of enclosed cars or covering of open cars used to carry minerals and grains to reduce fugitive dust emissions.

• The unloading area shall be paved. Feasibility of mechanical sweeper and loading and unloading option may also be explored. Thick plantation shall be carried out around unloading areas to prevent spread of fugitive dusts.

• The workers shall be provided with

Mandir Hasaud


XL



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision face masks and other Personal protective equipments (PPEs)

• Air pollution due

to traffic congestion near level crossings

• Traffic regulation to prevent traffic blockade.

At congested level crossings

3. Noise and Vibration

Noise due to movement of trains

• Maintenance and tree plantation near sensitive locations like hospitals, schools

• Speed limitation and restriction on horn in noise sensitive locations.

•

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereof

Noise sensitive and forest areas

During Whole Operation Period



Vibration • Provision of sand pockets near vibration prone areas and speed limitation near bridge approaches.

Project requirement

Vibration Prone areas


4. Land and Soil Soil erosion at

embankment during heavy rain fall.

• Periodic checking to be carried to assess the effectiveness of the stabilization measures viz. turfing, stone pitching etc.

Project requirement

At probable landslide locations and other soil erosion prone areas.

Through out operation period



Soil erosion at borrow areas

• Monitoring of borrow areas rehabilitation plan

-do-

Soil Contamination due to Handling/storage and transportation of iron ores

• Periodic monitoring as per EMoP. • The loading/unloading and storage

area for iron ores shall be on paved surface to avoid soil contamination.

• Fine particles of iron ores may be collected and recycled.

-Do- Mandir Hasuad During Operation for first 1 yrs.

Monitoring cost as indicated in EMOP


5. Water Resources


XLI



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision Scarce condition

due to abstraction in residential colonies

• Maintenance of water harvesting structures.

Project Requirement

Proposed residential colonies


Contamination of surface water quality due to leakage of used oil

• Collection tray to be installed under the canal bridge to prevent canal/water bodies water contamination.

• Monitoring of surface water bodies as per EMoP

Near surface Water bodies

Siltation • Periodic monitoring of siltation. Water logging

due to blockade of streams

• Regular checks shall be done along the alignment to ensure that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels/streams.


6. Flora and Fauna Vegetation • Planted trees, shrubs, and grasses to

be properly maintained. • The tree survival audit to be conducted

at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness

Forest Conservation Act 1980

Throughout project section

During 1st year of operation period

Indicated in Monitoring cost in EMoP


Accident risks to elephants

• Speed of train reduced preferably to 10 km/hour between April and June specifically during night time when running in Elephant corridor.

Forest Conservation Act 1980 and Wild Life Protection Act 1972

Forest areas falling in Bolangir Division.

During whole operation period.



8. Accident Risk and Safety Emergency

conditions viz. flood, operational failures etc.

• Emergency equipment to be stockpiled in stations personnel to be trained to serve on rescue teams in case of flood, fire, accidents etc.

• Use of latest railway operational mechanism to avoid derailment, collisions and other accident risks.

Project requirement

Throughout the Project route

During whole operation stage




XLII



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision Accident risk

during crossing of railway track by pedestrians

• Right-of-way shall be fenced near habitation and other sensitive locations.

• Provision of underpasses

Project requirement

Throughout the Project route particularly the habitated areas near Raipur (km 0.00-Km6.0)

9. Impact due to Proposed Residential Buildings Land /water

contamination by uncontrolled discharge of sewage

• Provision of septic tanks for treatment of sewage.

The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof ) and project requirement

Near Raipur, Mahasamund, Titlagarh and Katabanji station

During Operation stage



Water logging due to inadequate storm water drainage

• Adequate drainage facilities

Solid waste disposal

• Disposal of solid waste after segregation into biodegradable and non-biodegradable material.

• Provision of small bio-composter. 10. Flooding/ Track inundation

Track inundation due to choking of drainage channels

• Regular cleaning of drains/channels in the vicinity.

• Drains on both sides in cutting sections should be cleaned regularly.

• Maintaining good drainage systems in yards/station

Project Requirement

Throughout the stretch particularly near flood prone major crossings viz. Bridge No. 305

During whole operation period

Overall Operation cost


11. Right-of-Way Maintenance Accident Risk due

to uncontrolled growth of vegetation

• The track area shall be kept completely clear of vegetation.

• Smaller plants shall be planted near the line and larger trees further.

• Invasive plant not to be planted near the track.

• Controlled use of herbicide application

Project requirement

Throughout the Project route

During whole operation period.




XLIII



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision to control fast-growing vegetation within RoW.

12. Fuel Management Land and water

pollution and fire/explosion risks due to poor fuel management

• Storage tanks and components shall meet international standard for structural design to avoid catastrophic failures to prevent fires/explosion.

• Storage tanks shall have appropriate secondary containment

Project requirement

Fuelling Stations and Storage Tanks

Whole Operation period



13. Waste Management during Rail Operation& Maintenance Land and water pollution prevention and control

• Floor drains if any shall be connected to wastewater collection and treatment system.

• Aqueous detergent and water based

paints shall be used.

Project requirement

Throughout the stretch mainly train washing area/yards

Whole operation period

Part of railway operation and maintenance costs.


C. Occupational Health And Safety Train worker

Accidents • Training to workers in personal track

safety procedures. • Blocking train traffic during

maintenance of tracks or use of automatic warning system.

Compliance to Occupational Health and safety management Systems & Best Practices

Throughout the rail corridor

During operation stage



Noise and Vibration impact to train crew members

• Use of PPEs by crew members. • Engines to be fitted with active

vibration control sytems for locomotives suspensions cabs or seat posts

Inside Trains

Exposure to diesel exhaust to rail operating and maintenance staffs

• Provision of adequate ventilation in locomotive shops and other enclosed areas where diesel exhaust may get accumulated.

• • Use of PPE

Train Crew Cabin, Locomotive shops

Fatigue to crew • Railway operators shall schedule rest Trains


XLIV



Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision members periods at regular intervals and during

night hours. Maintenance of

Rolling -Stocks • use of PPEs by workers during

maintenance activities • Regular checkup of working platform in

workshop to avoid any slippage due to grease & oil.

• Proper collection, storage and disposal of hazardous waste like waste oil and grease , lead acid batteries

• Regular assessment of risk s presented by wheel sets

At workshops/yards and maintenance locations



Transport of Dangerous Goods

• Proper screening, acceptance and transport of dangerous goods conforming to the international standard applicable for packaging, marking and labeling of containers.

• Preparation of spill prevention control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans based on an analysis of hazards, implementation of prevention and control measures.

-do- Throughout the project stretch



EMP costs are largely part of BOQ except in cases where it is specified

Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Raipur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

XLV

APPENDIX 5.2: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Environmental Component

Project Stage Parameters Location Frequency Standards Approximate cost (Rs)


Air Quality Construction stage

SPM, RPM, NOx, CO Hot mix plant, concrete mixing plant/stone crushers at construction sites (4)

24 hourly sampling once in four months for construction period

National Ambient Air quality standard

275,000 Contractor through Independent Environmental Laboratories approved by SPCB/ MoEF

RVNL,PMC

Operation stage

SPM, RPM, NOx, CO, SO2 Only at Mandir Hasund Station (near loading /unloding of coals/petroleum products)

( Air monitoring is already being carried out on regular basis by the industries along the Project

section)

24 hourly sampling twice a week, for one week, once in winter and Summer for first year of operation

National Ambient Air quality standard

1,10,000 Contractor through Independent Environmental Laboratories approved by SPCB/ MoEF

RVNL or Zonal Railway , RVNL, PMC

Water Quality Construction stage

As Water quality standards (IS: 10500)

Drinking water to made available to Construction Camps

Thrice every year of construction period

As per IS code 10500


RVNL, PMC

Operation stage

As Water quality standards (IS: 10500)

Ground water at 2 locations where sampling has been conducted during IEE and At proposed

residential colonies (Raipur, Kantabanji, Mandir samud and Titlagarh)

Note: railways PHC department do the regular drinking water quality test at all stations

Thrice every year for 1 year

As per IS code 10500


RVNL or Zonal Railwayand PMC

Siltation in water bodies

Construction Stage

Construction stage All major water Bodies Once during rainy seasons of the construction period.

As per CWC/WRD guidelines

Part of routine action

of engineering

team

Support from Contractor through his team

RVNL, PMC


XLVI




Operation stage

Operation stage All major water bodies Once during operation of 1st year

As per CWC/WRD guidelines

Part of routine action

of engineering

team

Support from CWC/State Govt. irrigation Department

RVNL or Zonal Railway

Noise levels Construction stage

As per National Ambient Noise Standard as per Environmental Protection Act, 1986 amended 2002

Construction sites and habitated locations and sensitive areas

Note: Noise level at various locations are already being monitored by SPCB and industries located along the stretch.

Day and Night levels once in four months for construction period

National Ambient air quality standard with respect to Noise

45,000 Contractor through Independent monitoring agency

RVNL, PMC

Operation stage

As per National Ambient Noise Standard as per Environmental Protection Act, 1986 amended 2002

Raipur city area, Railway colony near ch. Km 35.6, settlement areas near Mahasamund Railway Station, near Ch. Km 52.5, near

Baghbahara Station, Kahriar Road, Harishankar road and Rehenbehta.

During the air quality monitoring period of 1 year

-do- 30,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency

RVNL or Zonal Railway, PMC

Soil Erosion Construction Stage

Visual check for Soil erosion and siltation

River banks, cutting sections especially in unconsolidated soil.

After first precipitation

Visual Checks Part of routine action

of engineering

team

Contractor through his team

RVNL, PMC

Operation Stage

Visual check for Soil erosion and siltation

River banks, cutting sections especially in unconsolidated soil.

Once during operation of 1st year

Visual Checks Part of routine action

of engineering

team

Engineering Team Railways (


Soil Quality Operation stage

Heavy Metals

3 locations First year of operation (one sample) --------------

15,000 Contractor through Approved monitoring agency


Terrestrial fauna Construction stage

Surveillance Audit to assess the disturbances to forest fauna their movement

Near Forest Areas particularly in the deep forest areas with consultation with forest

peoples

First two years of construction

None Specific as per expert’s assessment about changes if any

60,000 Contractor through Independent Expert

RVNL, PMC

Operation stage

Checking the effectiveness of Underpass/fencing to be provided along deep forest ares

All forest areas where railway tracks crossing on passing through

First year of operation period.

None specific, as per Expert’s assessment and visual check about changes if any

150,000 Contractor through Independent expert



XLVII




Aquatic fauna including fisheries

Construction stage

Disturbance to aquatic fauna due to increased siltation

Mahanadi River, Jonk river, Kulhan nala and Mahanadi river canal

Once in a year

None specific, as per expert’s assessment about changes if any


RVNL, PMC

Operation Impact on fish productivity , breeding and spawning

Mahanadi River, Jonk river, kulhan nala and Mahanadi river canal

End of First year of operation

None specific, as per expert assessment about changes if any



Accident and Fatality Rate

Operation Record of Accidents Accounting of Lost Work time, different level of disabilities/fatalities.

Throught out the Project Section periodic-

none specific

Part of regular

operation and Maintenance

cost

East Coast Railways


Occupational Health and Safety

Construction and Operation

Monitoring to be Designed and Implemented by East Coast Railways through its Medical and Safety officers

Tree Plantation Construction Stage

Surveillance monitoring of trees felling

Through out the Project Section During site clearance in construction phase

As laid out in the detailed design for project


RVNL

Operation stage

Audit for survival rate of trees plantation

Through out the Project Section Once in a year for 1 years

Considering the 70% survival rate

150,000 Railways Sectional PWIs

Zonal Railway

RVNL= Rail Vikash Nigam Ltd., PMC= Project Management Consultant, NOx - Nitrogen Oxide; Pb - Lead; PIU - Project Implementation Unit; RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter; SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide; SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter, RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter Monitoring Costs: A) Construction Phase: Rs. 970,000 or 0.97 Million B) Operation Phase: Rs. 625000 or 0.625 Million

Grand Total (A+B) = Rs 1, 595,000 or Rs 1.595 million