initial environmental examination (draft) – part 3 · 2019. 11. 6. · initial environmental...

Initial Environmental Examination (DRAFT) – Part 3

Project Number: 51423–002 November 2019

Mongolia: Vegetable Production and Irrigated Agriculture Project

Prepared by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light Industry for the Asian Development Bank

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 22 October 2019)

Currency Unit - Tugrik (MNT) MNT 1.00 = US$ 0.0004 US$ 1.00 = MNT 2,687.61

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank IPASS - Institute of Plant and Agriculture Science CS-EMP - Construction Site EMP IPP - Institute for Plant Protection CSC - Construction supervision company LAR - Land Acquisition and Resettlement EA - Executing Agency LIC - Loan implementation consultant EBA - Environmental Baseline Assessment MET - Ministry of Environment and Tourism EHS - Environmental, health and safety MOFA - Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light Industry EIA - Environment Impact Assessment OPF - Operators of project facility EMA - Environmental monitoring agency PIC - Project Implementation Consultant EMP - Environmental management plan PIU - Project Implementation Unit FSR - Feasibility Study Report PMO - Project Management Office GAP - Gender action plan RT - Refrigerating ton GDP - Gross Domestic Product SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement GHG - Greenhouse Gas TOR - Terms of Reference GRM - Grievance redress mechanism TRTA - Transaction Technical Assistance IA - Implementing Agency WHO - World Health Organization IEE - Initial environmental examination

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

°C degree centigrade m2 square meter dB(A) A-weighted sound pressure level in decibels m3/a cubic meter per annum cm centimeter m3 cubic meter g gram m3/d cubic meter per day ha hectare kg kilogram m3/s cubic meter per second km kilometer mg/l milligram per liter km2 square kilometer mg/m3 milligram per cubic meter kW kilowatt mm millimeter L liter t metric ton LAeq Equivalent continuous A-weighted sound t/d metric ton per day MW megawatt t/a ton per annum m meter m3 cubic meter

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ I A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ I

B. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. I

C. PROJECT COMPONENTS.................................................................................. II

D. ENVIRONMENT BASELINE ............................................................................. XIV

E. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................ XV

F. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ................... XVIII

G. CLIMATE CHANGE ....................................................................................... XVIII

H. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................... XIX

I. RISKS AND KEY ASSURANCES ...................................................................... XIX

J. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................. XIX

II. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 A. PROJECT RATIONALE ...................................................................................... 1

B. PROPOSED PROJECT ...................................................................................... 2

C. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS ....................................................................... 2

III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ....................................... 3 A. OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................... 3

B. MONGOLIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................... 3 C. ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ......................................................................... 7

D. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS .......................................... 11

E. ADB SAFEGUARD POLICY STATEMENT .......................................................... 12

IV. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................... 14 A. IMPACT, OUTCOME AND OUTPUTS ................................................................. 14

B. DESIGN SCHEME AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS ........................................... 15

1. OUTPUT 1 .................................................................................................... 16

2. OUTPUT 2 .................................................................................................... 48

C. ASSOCIATED AND EXISTING FACILITIES .......................................................... 50

V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE) .......................................... 56 A. NATURAL ZONES OF MONGOLIA ..................................................................... 56

B. ECOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 56

C. GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY .................................................................... 57

D. GEOLOGY AND SOILS .................................................................................... 57

E. CLIMATE ...................................................................................................... 58

F. RIVER BASINS .............................................................................................. 60

G. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AND NOISE LEVELS ....................................................... 61

H. PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES .................................................................. 62

I. LAND USE AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS........................................................ 62

J. SUBPROJECT 1 – TSAKHIR IRRIGATION SCHEME ............................................. 63 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................... 63

2. SOILS .......................................................................................................... 63

3. CLIMATE ...................................................................................................... 65

4. HYDROLOGY – WATER RESOURCES .............................................................. 66 5. WATER QUALITY ........................................................................................... 67

6. SITE VEGETATION AND HABITATS .................................................................. 68

K. SUBPROJECT 2 – YOLTON IRRIGATION SCHEME .............................................. 70 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................... 70

2. SOILS .......................................................................................................... 70

3. CLIMATE ...................................................................................................... 71

4. HYDROLOGY - WATER RESOURCES ............................................................... 73

5. WATER QUALITY ........................................................................................... 74


D. SUBPROJECT 3 – ERDENEBUREN IRRIGATION SCHEME ................................... 76 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................... 76

2. SOILS .......................................................................................................... 76

3. CLIMATE ...................................................................................................... 78



E. SUBPROJECT 4 – BOOMIIN AM IRRIGATION SCHEME ....................................... 83 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................... 83

2. SOILS .......................................................................................................... 83

3. CLIMATE ...................................................................................................... 85

4. HYDROLOGY - WATER RESOURCES ............................................................... 86

5. WATER QUALITY ........................................................................................... 87


F. SUBPROJECT 5 – TSUL-ULAAN IRRIGATION SCHEME ....................................... 89 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................... 89

2. SOILS .......................................................................................................... 90

3. CLIMATE ...................................................................................................... 91



G. SUBPROJECT 6 – ULAANDEL IRRIGATION SCHEME .......................................... 96 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................... 96

2. SOILS .......................................................................................................... 97

3. CLIMATE ...................................................................................................... 98

4. HYDROLOGY – WATER RESOURCES .............................................................. 99 5. WATER QUALITY ......................................................................................... 100

6. SITE VEGETATION AND HABITATS ................................................................ 101

H. SUBPROJECT 7 – KHUREN TAL IRRIGATION SCHEME ..................................... 103 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................. 103

2. SOILS ........................................................................................................ 103

3. CLIMATE .................................................................................................... 105

4. HYDROLOGY - WATER RESOURCES ............................................................. 106

5. WATER QUALITY ......................................................................................... 107


I. SUBPROJECT 8 – NOGOON KHASHAA IRRIGATION SCHEME ........................... 109

1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................. 109

2. SOILS ........................................................................................................ 109

3. CLIMATE .................................................................................................... 111

4. HYDROLOGY – WATER RESOURCES ............................................................ 112 5. WATER QUALITY ......................................................................................... 113


J. SUBPROJECT 9 – IVEN GOL IRRIGATION SCHEME.......................................... 116 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................. 116

2. SOILS ........................................................................................................ 116

3. CLIMATE .................................................................................................... 117


5. WATER QUALITY ......................................................................................... 120


K. SUBPROJECT 10 – OKHINDIIN TAL IRRIGATION SCHEME ................................ 121 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................. 121

2. SOILS ........................................................................................................ 121

3. CLIMATE .................................................................................................... 123


5. SITE VEGETATION AND HABITATS ................................................................. 126

L. SUBPROJECT 11 – SUGNUGUR IRRIGATION SCHEME ..................................... 129 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................. 129

2. SOILS ........................................................................................................ 129

3. CLIMATE .................................................................................................... 131



M. SUBPROJECT 12 – DULAANII TAL IRRIGATION SCHEME .................................. 135 1. LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY ................................................. 135

2. SOILS ........................................................................................................ 135

3. CLIMATE .................................................................................................... 136



VI. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................. 141 A. APPROACH ................................................................................................. 141

B. PROJECT AREAS OF INFLUENCE AND SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ........................ 141

C. ANTICIPATED PROJECT BENEFITS AND POSITIVE IMPACTS ............................. 142

D. PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE ....................................................................... 142

E. CONSTRUCTION PHASE ............................................................................... 143

F. OPERATION PHASE ..................................................................................... 156

G. CLIMATE CHANGE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ................................. 164

H. INDIRECT, INDUCED, AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ........................................... 171

VII. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .......................................................................... 174 A. NO PROJECT ALTERNATIVE ......................................................................... 174

B. CHOICE OF CROPS TO PROMOTE .................................................................. 174

C. AGRICULTURAL AND IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES ADOPTED ............................ 174

D. OWNERSHIP OPTIONS ................................................................................. 175

E. ALTERNATIVE SUBPROJECTS ....................................................................... 175

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 176

A. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................... 176

B. FEEDBACK FROM PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ................................................... 176

C. FUTURE CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE ................................................. 181

IX. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ................................................................ 183 X. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................... 184 XI. PROJECT ASSURANCES .................................................................................... 185 XII. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 187 APPENDIX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................ 189 APPENDIX 2: DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCE ............................................................. 219 APPENDIX 3: MINUTES OF MEETINGS FOR IRRIGATION SUBPROJECTS ................. 229 APPENDIX 4: QUESTIONNAIRES FOR THE IRRIGATION SUBPROJECTS .................. 263 APPENDIX 5: WATER ALLOCATION VOLUMES FOR AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS FOR EACH SUBPROJECT .................................................. 275

82

Table V-12 Native fish species of the Khar Lake-Khovd Basin

Species Upstream of Khovd

River

Downstream of Khovd and Chonokharaikh Rivers, Khar-Us

and Khar Lakes

Mongolian grayling (Thymallus brevirostris) + +

83

Siberian grayling (Thymallus arcticus arcticus) + -

Stone loach (Barbatula toni) (See note below) + +

Source: Baasanjav, G. and Tsendayush, Y. 2001. Fishes of Mongolia. ADMON, Ulaanbaatar

• Mongolian grayling (Thymallus brevirostris) is vulnerable regionally (in Mongolia) and on a global level. The main threats are (in order) from habitat degradation (mainly sedimentation from mining), fishing and pollution.

• Siberian grayling (Thymallus arcticus arcticus) is near threatened regionally (in Mongolia) and not assessed on a global level. The main threats are illegal fishing (commercial), habitat degradation due to pollution from gold mining, and habitat loss caused by gold mining and falling river levels.

• Stone loach (Barbatula toni) is not threatened (least concern) regionally (in Mongolia) and not assessed on a global level. However, desk top research shows that this species is more likely to occur in the Pacific (Amur) watershed in the western region and the Selenge River Basin in the central region, and if often misidentified in the western region.

E. Subproject 4 – Boomiin Am Irrigation Scheme

1. Location, Geography and Topography

2. Soils

84

Figure V-8: Boomiin Am Irrigation Subproject Soil Map

Source: Institute of Geography and Geo-ecology

Table V-13. Soil Profile of Boomiin Am Command Area

85

Soil horizon

Depth, m Characteristic

1 A 0.0-0.3 Sandy loam, yellow brown soil. Gravel more than 2 mm = 10 %, High carbonate content

Source: Integrated agricultural laboratory

3. Climate

Table V-14: Mean Monthly Climate Data in the Boomiin Am Irrigation Subproject Area

Source: Hydro-Us Co. Ltd

Month Mean Temperature

(oC) Maximum

Temperature (oC) Minimum

Temperature (oC) Humidity

(%) Wind speed

(m/s) Precipitation

(mm)

January -25.41 -3.78 -30.44 60.5 0.73 1.09

February -19.03 -0.17 -34.58 53.8 1.16 0.64

March -4.85 15.1 -24.98 44.7 2.03 2.28

April 5.5 22.33 -12.3 36.44 2.65 1.51

May 10.87 25.69 -5.86 34.5 2.88 7.59

June 17.03 29.68 2.99 36.89 2.29 25.77

July 19.44 31.9 6.97 37.63 1.94 13.98

August 17.13 30.9 3.63 39.8 2.34 17.99

September 10.49 26.1 -5.51 38.7 2.37 5.61

October 2.06 18.73 -14.45 41.7 1.89 4.80

November -9.66 8.91 -25.47 49.2 1.49 0.36

December -20.4 -1.99 -33.95 58.4 0.86 0.93

86

4. Hydrology - Water Resources

Figure V-9: Bodonch River Basin, Hydrological Gauging Station

Source: Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment

Table V-15: Water Resources in the Bodonch River at Boomiin Am Irrigation Scheme

Month Mean Maximum

Discharge (m3/s)

Mean Minimum Discharge

(m3/s)

Mean Discharge (m3/s)

% of Annual Discharge

April 4.77 0.14 1.23 7.92

May 7.77 0.44 2.28 14.7

June 12.1 0.29 2.79 18.0

87

Month Mean Maximum

Discharge (m3/s)


(m3/s)


% of Annual Discharge

July 14.3 0.49 2.91 18.8

August 10.4 0.20 2.34 15.1

September 13.2 0.21 1.87 12.1

October 13.0 0.16 1.33 8.62

November 4.80 0.05 0.51 3.33

December 1.58 0.00 0.09 0.60

January 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

February 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01

March 0.50 0.00 0.12 0.77

Source: National Agency for Meteorology and Environment Monitoring.

5. Water Quality

Figure V-10: Water Chemistry of Bodonch River

Source: Central Laboratory for Environment and Metrology

88

Figure V-11: Suspended Solids in Bodonch River at Boomiin Am Irrigation Scheme


6. Site Vegetation and Habitats

89

F. Subproject 5 – Tsul-Ulaan Irrigation Scheme


18 Kottelat, M. 2006. Fishes of Mongolia. Washington: The World Bank.

90

Figure V-12: Location of Tsul-Ulaan Irrigation Scheme

Source: TA Consultants based on Google Map

2. Soils

Figure V-13: Soil Map for Tsul-Ulaan Irrigation Scheme


91

Table V-16: Soil Profile and Analysis

Soil horizon


1 O 0 to 0.1 Grass Root zone with slightly decomposed organic matter. Silty clay soil and surface littered with stones. Surface highly susceptible to wind erosion

2 A 0.1 to 0.35 Grey brown soil, with less stone and gravel. High calcic soil. Silty clay

3 E 0.35 to 0.5 Ferrous red soils have accumulated have in this layer, where 5 to 10 cm diameter gravel is found, and because of water erosion, clay particle sediment lies in this layer between sand and gravel.

4 B 0.5 to 0.7 Sand and gravel.

5 C > 0.7 Fully saturated sandy clay soil with gravel


3. Climate

Table V-17: Mean Monthly Climate Data in the Tsul-Ulaan Subproject Area

Average Temperature

(oC)

Absolute Maximum

Temperature (oC)

Absolute Minimum

Temperature (oC)

Humidity (%)

Wind speed (m/s)

Precipitation (mm)

January -23.7 3.2 -45.1 73.9 0.5 1

February -17.6 12.9 -44.5 67.6 0.8 0.8

92

March -5.4 19.4 -37.0 54.2 1.8 1.8

April 5.9 29.6 -19 42.5 2.7 5

May 13.2 32.0 -9.5 41.9 2.9 7.6

June 18.8 34.8 -0.5 46.2 2.4 21

July 20.5 36.9 3.2 50.7 2.1 27.4

August 18.0 34.3 -2.4 52.3 1.7 20.6

September 11.3 32.0 -8.2 50.1 1.7 3.9

October 2.2 24.0 -27.8 51.5 1.4 2.8

November -9.1 15.6 -35.5 63.7 1.1 1.7

December -18.9 9.2 -44.6 72.7 0.7 1.5

Average 1.3 36.9 -45.1 55.4 1.7 95.0 Source: National Agency for Meteorology and Environment Monitoring

4. Hydrology – Water Resources

93

Figure V-14: Khovd River Basin – Location of Hydrological Gauging Stations and Tsul-Ulaan

Irrigation Scheme Source: TA Consultant based on National Atlas

Table V-18: Water Resources of the Khovd River at Tsul-Ulaan Subproject Area

Month

Mean Maximum Discharge

m3/s


m3/s

Mean Discharge

m3/s

% of Annual

Discharge

April 50.1 14.7 28.6 3.78

May 109.3 30.4 65.5 8.65

June 272.2 53.9 146.2 19.3

July 358.3 63.4 183.1 24.2

August 237.5 51.1 131.5 17.37

September 117.0 31.2 71.2 9.41

October 66.3 26.4 45.0 5.94

November 38.7 17.5 27.9 3.68

December 26.9 7.0 18.7 2.47

January 22.8 4.2 14.1 1.86

February 30.1 3.7 12.1 1.60

March 32.1 3.3 13.1 1.72 Source: National Agency for Meteorology and Environment Monitoring

5. Water Quality

94

Figure V-15: Water Chemistry of the Khovd River


Figure V-16: Suspended solids in the Khovd river water


19 Ministry of Nature and Environment, 1998. Water quality monitoring guidelines.

95



Species Upstream of Khovd

River

Downstream of Khovd and Chonokharaikh rivers, Khar-Us and

Khar Lakes



Stone loach (Barbatula toni) (See note below) + + Source: Baasanjav, G. and Tsendayush, Y. 2001. Fishes of Mongolia. ADMON, Ulaanbaatar

96




G. Subproject 6 – Ulaandel Irrigation Scheme


97

Figure V-17: Location of Ulaandel Irrigation Scheme Source: TA Consultants based on Google Map

2. Soils

Figure V-18: Soil Map of Ulaandel Irrigation Scheme


Table V-20: Soil Profile of Ulaandel Irrigation Scheme

98

Soil horizon

Depth, m

Characteristic

1 A 0.0-0.25 Grey brown soil. > 2mm Stone and gravel around 30 % of soil. High calcic soil. Sandy loam

2 E 0.25-0.5 5-10 cm diameter gravel occurs and by the water erosion affected to clay particle sediment to down layer between sand and gravel.

3 B 0.5-0.7 Sand and gravel.


3. Climate

Table V-21: Mean Monthly Climate Data in the Ulaandel Irrigation Subproject Area

Month Average Temperature

(oC)

Maximum Temperature

(oC)

Minimum Temperature

(oC)

Humidity (%)

Wind speed (m/s)

Precipitation (mm)

January -21.9 3.2 -46.1 55.0 2.5 0.6

February -16.5 5.1 -42.7 49.2 2.7 0.5

March -7.7 17.1 -34.3 40.4 3.7 1.4

April 1.9 24.1 -21.0 36.5 4.2 4.1

May 9.1 28.9 -10.9 36.5 4.2 9.9

June 14.8 31.3 -2.3 41.1 3.4 20.4

July 16.7 34.6 0.0 43.8 3.2 26.1

August 14.5 30.6 -2.4 45.2 2.9 21.2

September 8.0 32.8 -11.1 43.4 2.9 5.7

October -0.4 20.1 -22.8 45.3 3.3 2.6

November -10.9 12.5 -33.0 49.7 3.3 1.3

December -18.2 7.0 -39.7 53.6 2.8 1.0 Average -0.9 34.6 -46.1 45.0 3.3 94.7

Source: National Agency for Meteorology and Environment Monitoring

99


Figure V-19: Khar-Us Lake-Khovd River Basin Showing Ulaandel Irrigation Scheme,

Hydrological Gauging Stations and Meteorological Observation Stations Source: TA Consultants based on National Atlas

100

Table V-22: Water Resources of the Sagsai River at Ulaandel Subproject Area

Month Maximum Discharge

(m3/s) Minimum Discharge

(m3/s) Mean Discharge

(m3/s) % of Annual Discharge

April 20.0 0.06 6.87 3.79

May 59.8 8.11 24.5 13.5

June 112.0 11.40 39.7 21.9

July 94.6 16.54 41.5 22.9

August 71.1 9.74 27.9 15.4

September 33.7 3.59 16.0 8.81

October 24.7 0.02 9.44 5.21

November 13.5 0.02 5.30 2.92

December 9.3 0.04 3.23 1.78

January 7.2 0.01 2.33 1.28

February 6.5 0.01 1.84 1.02


5. Water Quality

Figure V-20: Water Chemistry of the Sagsai River


20 MNS-ISO-16075-1:2018 Guidelines for treated wastewater use for irrigation projects: The basis of a project for irrigation

101

Figure V-21: Suspended solids in the Sagsai river water



102


Species Upstream of Khovd River

Downstream of Khovd and Chonokharaikh Rivers, Khar-Us and

Khar Lakes



Stone loach (Barbatula toni) (See note below) + + Source: Baasanjav, G. and Tsendayush, Y. 2001. Fishes of Mongolia. ADMON, Ulaanbaatar




103

H. Subproject 7 – Khuren Tal Irrigation Scheme


Figure V-22. The location of Khuren Tal Irrigation Scheme

Source: TA Consultant based on Google Map

2. Soils

104

Figure V-23. Soil Map – Khuren tal Irrigation Scheme


Table V-24. Soil profile

Soil horizon

Depth, m

Characteristic

1 A 0-0.3 Grass Root zone with slightly decomposed organic matter. Sandy loam soil and surface filled with small gravel.

2 E 0.3-0.4 Grey brown soil. Less stone and gravel. Low calcic soil. Sandy loam

3 B 0.4-0.6 Sandy loam, low calcic layer.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/percolating

105

4 C >0.6 Fully saturated sandy clay soil with gravel


3. Climate

Table V-25. Mean monthly climate data in the Khurental irrigation subproject area

Average Temperature

oC

Maximum Temperature

oC

Minimum Temperature

oC

Humidity %

Wind speed, m/s

Precipitation mm

January -22.4 -0.2 -42.1 70.4 0.9 3.0

February -18.6 8.0 -42.3 66.7 1.0 2.6

March -10.1 15.3 -37.2 58.7 1.5 4.3

April 1.5 23.9 -24.4 47.1 2.1 7.9

May 9.0 29.2 -12.4 43.3 2.4 17.3

June 14.4 32.7 -3.8 47.6 2.2 34.8

July 16.5 35.8 0.1 52.0 2.0 58.9

August 14.0 32.0 -3.2 55.3 1.8 49.0

September 7.8 27.2 -13.5 52.4 1.8 24.0

October -0.7 21 -29.5 55.2 1.5 8.9

November -12.4 10.5 -36.7 65.2 1.2 5.3

December -19.7 4 -39.8 69.8 1.0 3.9

Average -1.7 35.8 -42.3 57.0 1.6 219.8 Source: National Agency for Meteorology and Environment Monitoring

106


Figure V-24. Ider River Basin – Location of Khurental irrigation scheme, Hydrological Gauging

Stations and Meteorological observation stations Source: TA Consultant based on National Map

Table V-26. Water resources of the Ider river at Khuren tal subproject area


m3/s Minimum Discharge

m3/s Mean Discharge

m3/s % of Annual Discharge

April 8.8 0.00 2.24 3.70

May 24.3 1.01 9.57 15.8

107

June 32.1 0.60 9.79 16.1

July 36.2 0.15 11.24 18.5

August 48.9 1.22 13.63 22.5

September 21.0 1.25 9.00 14.8

October 18.4 0.64 3.95 6.52

November 2.2 0.00 0.59 0.98

December 1.7 0.00 0.19 0.31

January 1.2 0.00 0.11 0.19

February 1.3 0.00 0.11 0.19


5. Water Quality

Figure V-25: Water chemistry of the Ider River


Figure V-26: Suspended solids in the Ider River water

108



Figure V-27: Current Situation for Khuren Tal Irrigation Scheme (Upper: head work/intake;

lower: main canal and cropland)

109

I. Subproject 8 – Nogoon Khashaa Irrigation Scheme


Figure V-28: The location of Nogoon Khashaa Irrigation Scheme

Source: Based on Google Maps.

2. Soils

110

Figure V-29. Soil Map of Nogoon Khashaa Subproject Area


Table V-27: Soil Profile of Nogoon Khashaa Subproject Area

111

Soil horizon

Depth, m

Characteristic

1 A 0.0-0.3 Silty clay loam, High organic matter, dark brown color. High carbonate content

2 E 0.3-0.6 Light color soil. loamy clay. High carbonate content, less organic matter than upper layer.

3 B >0.6 Silty clay. High carbonate content

4 C >0.9 Gravel and sandy loam.


3. Climate

Table V-28: Mean Monthly Climate Data in the Nogoon Khashaa Irrigation Subproject Area


(oC)

Absolute Maximum

Temperature (oC)

Absolute Minimum

Temperature (oC)

Humidity (%)

Wind speed, (m/s)

Precipitation, (mm)

January -22.4 -0.2 -42.1 70.4 0.9 3.0

February -18.6 8.0 -42.3 66.7 1.0 2.6

March -10.1 15.3 -37.2 58.7 1.5 4.3

April 1.5 23.9 -24.4 47.1 2.1 7.9

May 9.0 29.2 -12.4 43.3 2.4 17.3

June 14.4 32.7 -3.8 47.6 2.2 34.8

July 16.5 35.8 0.1 52.0 2.0 58.9

August 14.0 32.0 -3.2 55.3 1.8 49.0

September 7.8 27.2 -13.5 52.4 1.8 24.0

October -0.7 21 -29.5 55.2 1.5 8.9

November -12.4 10.5 -36.7 65.2 1.2 5.3

December -19.7 4 -39.8 69.8 1.0 3.9 Average -1.7 35.8 -42.3 57.0 1.6 219.8


112


Figure V-30: Khyargas Lake-Zavkhan River Basin

Source: TA consultant based on National atlas

Table V-29: Water Resources of the Sagsai River at Nogoon Khashaa Subproject Area

113


(m3/s) Minimum Discharge

(m3/s) Mean Discharge


April 23.1 0.17 4.87 10.44

May 26.7 0.95 9.17 19.7

June 20.8 0.60 6.41 13.7

July 24.0 0.64 7.08 15.2

August 45.4 0.28 7.53 16.2

September 19.2 0.25 5.35 11.5

October 12.7 0.39 2.90 6.21

November 4.56 0.26 1.23 2.64

December 1.66 0.04 0.57 1.23

January 1.64 0.00 0.42 0.90

February 1.77 0.00 0.42 0.89


5. Water Quality

Figure V-31: Water Chemistry of the Chigestei River

Source: Central Laboratory of Environment and Metrology

114

Figure V-32: Suspended Solids in Chigestei River Water

Source: Central Laboratory of Environment and Metrology


115

Figure V-33: Current Situation for Nogoon Khashaa Irrigation Scheme (Upper: head

work/intake; lower: main canal and cropland)

Species Rivers Lakes


Stone loach (Barbatula toni) (see note below) + +

Potanini`s osman (Oreoleuciscus potanini Kessler) + +

Source: Baasanjav, G. and Tsendayush, Y. 2001. Fishes of Mongolia. ADMON, Ulaanbaatar

116

J. Subproject 9 – Iven Gol Irrigation Scheme


Figure V-34: Location of Iven Gol Irrigation Scheme on the North Side of Iven River Valley

Source: TA Consultant based on Google Map

2. Soils

Figure V-35: Soil Map of Iven Gol Irrigation Scheme


117

Table V-30: Soil profile

Soil horizon


1 A 0.0-0.3 Silty clay loam, High organic matter, dark brown color. High carbonate content

2 E 0.3-0.6 Light color soil. loamy clay. High carbonate content, less organic matter than upper layer.

3 B >0.6 Silty clay. High carbonate content

4 C >0.9 Gravel and sandy loam.


3. Climate

Table V-31: Mean Monthly Climate Data at Iven Gol Irrigation Subproject


(oC)

Absolute Maximum

Temperature (oC)

Absolute Minimum

Temperature (oC)

Humidity (%)

Wind speed (m/s)

Precipitation (m)

January -25.0 1.5 -48.5 76.0 0.6 2.7

February -19.7 8.1 -42.5 75.6 0.8 2.4

118

March -7.7 22.9 -36.0 66.9 1.9 2.8

April 3.8 30.0 -23.3 48.9 2.9 6.4

May 11.6 35.6 -12.2 48.2 2.8 20.4

June 17.3 39.8 -5.0 54.7 2.4 55.4

July 19.7 43.0 -1.1 62.8 1.9 72.0

August 17.1 39.1 -0.3 67.2 1.7 72.7

September 10.1 33.0 -9.4 63.3 1.9 32.3

October 1.3 28.3 -25.1 64.9 1.6 8.7

November -11.0 19.1 -36.5 73.8 1.0 5.2

December -20.7 10.4 -44.0 77.1 0.6 4.0



119

Figure V-36: Iven Gol River Basin with Location of Irrigation Scheme, Gauging Station and

Meteorological Station Source: TA consultants based on National Atlas

Figure V-37: Iven Gol River Flow Control Measurement

Source: TA consultants’ field survey

Table V-32: Control Discharge Measurement, Iven Gol River (2019.06.11) River

Location Coordinates Hm F

m2 B m

V m/sec

h m

Q m3/sec

Remarks

Iven Gol Sant Soum

49o 16’ 15.7” 105o 16’ 49.3” 789 1.48 5.20 0.15 0.28 0.23

Water is clear, no smell, no odor, pH=8.8 EC-124 μS/m

Source: TA consultants

120

Table V-33: Water Resources in Iven Gol River for Iven Gol Subproject Area

Month Mean Discharge


April 0.60 8.27

May 0.90 8.88

June 0.92 11.60

July 1.11 17.80

August 1.18 19.71

September 0.98 17.23

October 0.55 11.52

November 0.17 2.65

December 0.02 0.37

January 0.02 0.33

February 0.02 0.25

March 0.09 1.46 a Derived with reference to the available data for flow estimation in the overall inclusive Orkhon River Basin Source: TA consultants

5. Water Quality


21 MET, 2015, Surface water regime and water resource of Mongolia, [Editor G.Davaa]. Ulaanbaatar. P.

121

Table V-34: Threatened fish species believed to be present in the Orkhon River

Mongolian

name

English name Latin name

International

status

Regional

status

Fish

1 Shiver khilem Siberian

Sturgeon

Acipenser baerii Endangered Critically

Endangered

2 Tul Siberian

Taimen

Hucho taimen Vulnerable Endangered

3 Zevge Sharp-snouted

Lenok

Brachymystax Lenox Not Rated Vulnerable

4 Shiwer khadran Artic Grayling Thymallus arcticus Least Concern Near

threatened Source: Baasanjav, G. and Tsendayush, Y. 2001. Fishes of Mongolia. ADMON, Ulaanbaatar

K. Subproject 10 – Okhindiin Tal Irrigation Scheme


Figure V.x: Location of Okhindiin Tal Irrigation Scheme

2. Soils

122

Figure V.x. Okhindiin tal Irrigation Subproject Soil Map


Table V.x: Soil Profile

Soil horizon

Depth, m

Characteristic

1 O 0.0-0.3 Sandy and silt loam, High organic matter, dark brown color. High carbonate content

2 A 0.3-0.6 Dark color soil. loamy clay. High carbonate content, less organic matter than upper layer.

3 E >0.6 Silty loam. High carbonate content


123

3. Climate

Table V.x: Mean Monthly Climate Data in the Okhindiin Tal Irrigation Subproject Area Average

Temperature, oC

Absolute Maximum

Temperature, oC

Absolute Minimum

Temperature, oC

Humidity % Wind speed,

m/s

Precipitation, mm

January -22.9 -18.3 -27.8 74.2 1.4 3.1

February -18.2 -11.4 -24 71.6 1.5 2.4

March -6.6 1.2 -12.8 61.9 2.2 3.1

April 3.9 12.8 -2.2 48 2.9 9.7

May 11.5 20.2 4.4 48.4 3.1 22

June 17.7 26.8 11.6 56.3 2.6 49.6

July 19.9 28.2 14.7 64.1 2.1 71.3

August 17.4 25.3 12 68.6 2.1 73.3

September 10.3 10.3 4.8 65.3 2.1 36

October 1.5 1.5 -3.7 65.1 1.9 11

November -9.9 -9.9 -14.8 71.7 1.7 5.8

December -19.3 -19.3 -24.1 74.6 1.5 3.9

Average 0.4 7.7 -5.2 64.1 2.1 291.2

124


Figure V.x: Confluence of the Selenge and Orkhon Rivers

Source: Gidrocom Co.Ltd

Table V.x: Selenge River Water Resources for Okhindiin Tal Subproject Area

Month Mean

Maximum Discharge (m3/s)


(m3/s)


April 379.0 50.7 191.8

May 728.0 176.0 346.1

June 737.9 125.0 331.8

125

July 1252.0 160.7 442.7

August 2465.0 135.0 544.9

September 1465.0 114.0 458.3

October 751.0 110.0 288.4

November 309.0 43.9 137.2

December 118.0 22.5 55.1

January 95.5 11.3 37.7

February 113.0 11.3 31.7

March 152.0 17.5 42.8


Figure V.x: Water Chemistry of the Selenge River


126

Figure V.x: Suspended Solids in Selenge River Water


5. Site vegetation and Habitats

Figure V.X: Land Cover of Pasture Grasses on the Subproject Site.

127

Figure V.x: important bird area MN054 (left) and the subproject site’s location within the IBBA (right). Source: IBAT query, October 2019.

22 BirdLife International. 2019. Important Bird Areas factsheet: Delta of Orkhon and Selenge Rivers. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/10/2019.

http://www.birdlife.org/

128

Table V.x: Threatened fish species are believed to be present in the Selenge River

Common name Scientific name Global Regional status

Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii Endangered Not Rated

Siberian Taimen Hucho taimen Vulnerable Not Rated

Sharp-snouted Lenok Brachymystax lenox Not Rated Vulnerable

23 https://www.ramsar.org/document/the-ramsar-sites-criteria

129

L. Subproject 11 – Sugnugur Irrigation Scheme


Figure V-38: Sugnugur Irrigation Scheme Plan and Overview

Source: TA consultants based on Google Map

2. Soils

130

Figure V-39: Soil Map of the Sugnugur Subproject Area


Table V-35: Soil Profile

Soil horizon

Depth (m)

Characteristic

1 A 0.0-0.6 Silt loam, High organic matter, dark brown color. less carbonate content

2 E 0.6-0.8 Loamy soils.

3 B >0.8 Loamy. Medium react with carbonate content

131

4 C >1.2 Gravel and sandy loam


3. Climate

Table V-36: Mean Monthly Climate Data for Sugnugur Irrigation Subproject


(oC)

Maximum Temperature

(oC)

Minimum Temperature

(oC)

Humidity (%)

Wind speed (m/s)

Precipitation (mm)

January -26.0 -2.2 -46.5 70.2 2.1 2.4

February -21.3 5.9 -46.0 66.3 2.5 2.4

March -10.1 19.4 -36.9 61.0 3.3 2.8

April 1.5 27.9 -24.7 48.1 4.2 6.4

May 9.1 29.5 -18.9 47.4 4.3 21.6

June 15.2 27.9 -3.5 54.1 3.7 36.3

July 17.8 31.0 0.5 62.4 3.1 56.6

August 15.4 29.3 -1.5 64.3 3.1 70.8

September 8.1 21.0 -14.0 59.0 3.4 25.3

October -0.6 23.2 -21.6 58.5 3.2 7.5

November -13.2 14.2 -35.0 65.9 2.7 4.0

December -22.0 3.0 -41.7 70.1 2.3 4.1


132


Figure V-40: Sugnugur River Basin with Sugnugur Irrigation Scheme and Gauging Station

Source: Consultant based on National atlas

initial environmental examination (draft) – part 3 · 2019. 11. 6. · initial environmental...

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