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C7_BD_Curso_INGLES_YONNE_2021.qxp 30/06/2021 11:09 Página 1

Breaking down barriers

Shuffling feet and the general buzz of conversation made lectures a trial for Gemma Long duringher first degree. She suffers from sensory overload connected to her autism, which was onlydiagnosed after she graduated. But when she started a teacher-training course years later, shereceived access to software to help her cope with dyslexia and found it transformative.

“I struggled to understand the point of lectures until I got that software,” recalls Long. “I didn’trealise how much useful information was in them. As someone who is hypersensitive to noise Ispend most of my time in lectures trying to filter out the background noise, which means I miss muchof what the lecturer is saying. Being able to audio record the lectures and listen back to them in asilent room meant I was finally able to digest the content.”

Technology is breaking down barriers faced by students with disabilities. Online journal articlesnow mean that those with visual impairments can zoom in to read printed text or convert it to easier-to-read formats such as braille. Universities are also increasingly recording lectures which studentscan replay at their own pace, which benefits students with dyslexia or attention deficit disorder too.

According to Alistair McNaught, a digital learning consultant, universities are increasingly trackinghow students learn, and then directing them to the accessible resources most suited to their personalneeds. McNaught appreciates the way assistive technologies can help all students — whether theyhave a disability or not — but stresses that it’s important for universities to get the basics right first.

“Universities just need to get better at promoting the support that’s already there,” says GemmaLong. “Making specialist software and training generally available, rather than confining it to disabledstudents, makes it more widely known, as well as removes stigma.” For someone like her, whoreceived her diagnoses late, it would have been particularly helpful.

Universities are slowly tackling the barriers for disabled students. There’s more yet to come: theprospect of virtual reality – particularly when it comes to fieldwork. “It can be incredibly difficult for adisabled student to get a wheelchair on to a salt marsh,” says Piers Wilkinson, a researcher in thearea. “But if the learning aims are being immersed in an environment, and making discoveries, virtualreality can achieve that.”

(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

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MÓDULO 55 Text

Ingi

mag

e/Fo

toar

ena


I. Turn the title of the text into Portuguese.

Quebrando (demolindo) barreiras.

Other collocations:

1. This is the second time my computer breaks down this month.

quebra

2. John and Tom arrived very late for the wedding because their carsuffered a breakdown on the road and they were forced to call amechanic.

problema, pane

3. When Jane’s husband told her he was leaving her, she broke downand cried.

não se conteve, desmoronou

4. No one can work under so much pressure without breaking down.Why don’t you look for another job?

ter um colapso nervoso

5. The firefighter broke down the door to get inside and save the peopletrapped in the burning building.

derrubou

6. The accountant broke down the figures so that we could understandwhat he was talking about.

detalhou

II. Match the columns.

III. Turn into Portuguese.

1. It’s been a real trial having my mother staying with us these pastfew days.

Tem sido um verdadeiro problema (suplício) ter minha mãe

hospedada conosco nesses poucos dias.

2. His lectures are increasingly useful.

Suas palestras são cada vez mais úteis.

3. Schoolchildren should be allowed to work at their own pace.

Os alunos deveriam poder trabalhar em seu próprio ritmo.

IV. Fill in the sentences with these verbs from the text.

struggling1. She was really ___________________to stay awake during the movie.

cope with2. Counseling has helped me _________________ my disappontment.

am able to recall3. I ________________________ many happy events from my childhood.

realised4. Anne _____________________ the importance of the situation.

mean5. Did you ____________________ that I should stay home?

suffering from6. Mary is _________________________ a toothache.

digest7. Before I form my opinion, let me _____________ your arguments.

1. lecture ( b ) a) problema, tortura

2. trial ( a ) b) palestra

3. degree ( c ) c) ano

4. overload ( h ) d) deficiência

5. useful ( i ) e) distúrbio

6. background ( j ) f) ritmo, passo

7. disability / impairment ( d ) g) cada vez mais

8. increasingly ( g ) h) sobrecarga

9. pace ( f ) i) útil

10.disorder ( e ) j) de fundo

TO SUFFER FROM – TO COPE WITH – TO STRUGGLE

TO RECALL – TO REALISE – TO MEAN

TO BE ABLE TO – TO DIGEST

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V.

1. Don’t shuffle your feet like that! Walk normally.

arraste

2. When I asked him where he’d been, he just looked at the groundand shuffled his feet.

balançou

3. It’s your turn to shuffle the cards.

embaralhar

VI. Match the columns.

VII. Fill in these sentences with expressions from the previous exercise.

aim1. John’s ____________ was to give a lively talk.

wheelchairs2. A ramp was built next to the stairs for people in ________________.

confine3. The judge ordered the witness to ________________ her testimonyto the case being tried.

rather than4. The problem was psychological __________________ physiological.

supported5. Bill’s friends ____________________ his decision to find a new job.

as well as6. I think I’d like to stay at home watching TV ________________ Tom.

available7. The hotel is ________________ for the wedding reception next week.

environments8. For preschoolers, the most stimulating _____________________ arebright , airy, and offer daily outdoor activities.

VIII.

• as a noum

1. I heard a buzz and then saw the plane in the distance.

ruídobuzz = _____________________________________________________

2. This noise seems the buzz of the bees.

zumbidobuzz = _____________________________________________________

3. We’ll give him a buzz when we get there.

dar um telefonemato give a buzz =_____________________________________________

IX.

• We can’t solve all these problems at a stroke.

de uma vez, de imediato

X. Find out the meanings of the underlined expressions.

1. We are trying to track every activity as carefully as possible.

acompanhar, rastrear

2. Television cameras zoomed in on the fans cheering in the stadium.

deram um zoom de aproximação.

3. I stressed that this was our policy.

ressaltei

4. These plants are better suited to a warm climate.

adequadas a

5. We ought to think about new ways to tackle (=to face) crime.

enfrentar

6. Coastal Georgia has miles of lovely rivers, estuaries and salt marsh.

salina, pântano salgado, mangue

TO SHUFFLE

1. support ( d ) a) disponível

2. available ( a ) b) meio ambiente

3. rather than ( f ) c) meta

4. to confine ( h ) d) apoio

5. as well as ( g ) e) cadeira de rodas

6. wheelchair ( e ) f) em vez de

7. aim ( c ) g) bem como

8. environment ( b ) h) limitar

BUZZ

AT A STROKE

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1. (SANTA CASA) – In the context of the first paragraph, theexpression “made lectures a trial” means thata) Gemma Long had been experimenting with new technologies to

cope with her learning difficulties.b) Gemma Long felt she was constantly being judged for her disabilities

and limitations.c) Gemma Long’s extreme susceptibility to sounds made her following

classes a very demanding task.d) Gemma Long’s undiagnosed autism prevented her from achieving

her first degree.e) the conversations in the classrooms activated all of Gemma Long’s

autism-like symptoms.

Resposta: C

2. (SANTA CASA) – In the fragment from the second paragraph“which means I miss much of what the lecturer is saying”, theunderlined word refers toa) Gemma’s struggle to understand the point of the lectures she

attended.b) all the information Gemma had to digest in one single lecture.c) Gemma’s difficulty in dealing with the new software available to her.d) the background noise that prevented Gemma from following her

lessons.e) the time Gemma wasted dismissing the unwanted sounds around

her.

Resposta: E

3. (SANTA CASA) – According to the third and fourth paragraphs, inorder to assist students facing learning difficulties universities area) investigating students’ learning styles and offering the basics to

those with greater difficulties.b) following students on the way they learn and supplying learning

resources accordingly.c) creating special and easier-to-read material in braille for the visually

impaired.d) providing personalized lessons that students can follow at their own

pace at home.e) producing online articles which can be easily accessed by both the

disabled and the non-disabled.

Resposta: B

4. (SANTA CASA) – In the fragment from the fifth paragraph “ratherthan confining it to disabled students”, the underlined expression can bereplaced, without any change in the meaning of the sentence, bya) as opposed to.b) more than.c) in spite of.d) together with.e) apart from.

Resposta: A

5. (SANTA CASA) – The term “tackling”, in the first sentence of thelast paragraph, meansa) raising.b) testing.c) questioning.d) confronting.e) identifying.

Resposta: D

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D___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ANOTAÇÕES


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MÓDULO 56 Technical Vocabulary

Complete:

1. This toothpaste accounts for 75% of our sales: it’s our ____________

warhorse_____________________________.

red tape2. You’ll find ____________________________ both in private companies and in governmental enterprises.

stake3. They decided to buy a _____________ of that well-known company.

purchasing power4. Brazilians’ ________________________________ is generally too low to buy goods considered unnecessary.

budget5. Our ______________ for the forthcoming year is X, not a penny more!

merging1. These two companies are thinking of __________________________ in a very near future.

hard currency2. Economists say that the “yen” isn’t a ___________________________ as it used to be.

seed money3. All we need is _________________________ of about $35,000 to start business.

sponsored4. The band’s tour will be ___________________________ by Pepsi.

5. As it’s impossible for us to buy new machinery, the only way out is

to outsource_____________________________________.

surplus1. There’s a __________________________ of staff in some departmentsof the company.

IOU2. We dont’t accept ______________________: no cash, no goods!

3. Since the company is growing fast, it intends to add 100

payrollemployees to its ______________________________.

revenue4. Taxes provide most of the government’s _______________________.

windfall5. I had an unexpected ______________________ last week – an uncle died and left me a thousand pounds.

poder aquisitivoa) purchasing power ⎯→ _______________________________

burocraciab) red tape ⎯→ _______________________________

participação; parte; parcelac) stake ⎯→ _______________________________

orçamentod) budget ⎯→ _______________________________

carro-chefee) warhorse ⎯→ _______________________________

moeda fortea) hard currency ⎯→ __________________________________

juntar-se; fundir-seb) to merge ⎯→ __________________________________

terceirizarc) to outsource ⎯→ __________________________________

patrocinard) to sponsor ⎯→ __________________________________

capital iniciale) seed money ⎯→ __________________________________

receitaa) revenue ⎯→ ________________________________________

I owe you = “Eu devo a você” (vale)b) IOU ⎯→ ________________________________________

superávitc) surplus ⎯→ ________________________________________

“coisa caída do céu” (dinheiro); d) windfall ⎯→ ________________________________________

ganho inesperado________________________________________

folha de pagamentoe) payroll ⎯→ ________________________________________


downpayment1. I’ve made a ____________________________________ on a new TV and video.

assets2. A company’s ___________________ can consist of cash, investments, buildings, machinery or specialist knowledge.

default3. Any ____________________________ on your mortgage repayments may mean you will lose your house.

Stockholders4. _________________________________ will be voting on the proposedmerger of the companies next week.

supplier5. I’ll contact the ________________ and see if I can get the lawnmoweryou want by Friday.

1. Mr. Smith can’t afford to buy a brand-new car: after all, he’s only a(n)

wage earner ____________________________ like most of us.

market share2. If you believe in statistics and figures, our _______________________ _______________ is good, about 30%.

3. If you’re planning to sell the same product for half the price, it will

unfair competitioncertainly be a(n) ___________________________________.

bear market4. Since the town is a(n) ______________________________ we expectto sell only 10,000 items there.

unemployment rate5. The _______________________________ in that country is beginning to worry governors and economists alike, since its peak reached nearly 10% last year.

invoice1. Will you _________________________ me, or do I have to pay now?

liabilities2. The business has ____________________________ of $ 2 million.

Assembly-line3. __________________________ workers need regular breaks to relieve

boredom and keep them alert.

working overtime4. They’re __________________________________________ to get the job finished on time.

workday5. An eight-hour _____________________ is still typical for many people.

ativoa) assets ⎯→ __________________________________

fornecedorb) supplier ⎯→ __________________________________

falta de pagamento; inadimplênciac) default ⎯→ __________________________________

entradad) downpayment ⎯→ __________________________________

acionistae) stockholder ⎯→ __________________________________

competição injustaa) unfair competition ⎯→ _______________________________

taxa de desempregob) unemployment rate ⎯→ _______________________________

mercado em baixac) bear market ⎯→ _______________________________

assalariadod) wage earner ⎯→ _______________________________

parcela do mercadoe) market share ⎯→ _______________________________

passivo, dívidasa) liabilities ⎯→ __________________________________

expedienteb) workday ⎯→ __________________________________

fazer hora extrac) to work overtime ⎯→ __________________________________

linha de montagemd) assembly-line ⎯→ __________________________________

faturare) to invoice ⎯→ __________________________________

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MÓDULO 57 Text

Plastic bags may smell like food

to hungry sea turtles, a new study says

A loggerhead* turtle swims in an experimental arena.

Although sea turtles have been chomping down on plastic bags for years, scientists didn't know why– until now. Plastic bags may smell like a tasty treat because of the bacteria and algae that accumulateon them.

In a new study published on Monday in the journal Current Biology, scientists presented captive seaturtles with multiple different smells.

The turtles responded almost identically to the smell of their food as they did to the smell of a plasticbag that had been soaked in water, according to Matthew Savoca, one of the study’s authors.

In fact, the turtles kept their noses out of the water three times as long to smell the plastic bagscompared to control smells.

Nick Mallos, senior director of Ocean Conservancy's Trash Free Seas program, says this studyprovides alarming new information about why turtles eat plastic.

Until now, there were just theories that sea turtles may have accidentally gotten entangled in theplastic, or perhaps they mistook plastic bags for juicy jellyfish.

Savoca states that the problem is more complex than a simple mistake by curious sea creatures. Hetheorizes that turtles have evolved to pursue certain smells that signal food, and ___________instinctively move towards the smell of the algae and bacteria when they accumulate on plastic in theocean.

“The ocean is not this large grocery store where there's food everywhere, so these animals have tobecome hyper-specialized to survive,” he says.

This issue is a concern for other animals, too. Past research suggests that sea birds and somespecies of fish may also be tricked by their instincts into eating plastic, says Savoca.

Nonetheless, Mallos says that sea turtles' habit of eating plastic is especially concerning because allseven species of sea turtles are endangered.

Sea turtles are threatened in multiple ways by the 8 million tons of plastic that enter ocean watersannually, according to Mallos.

When they fill up their stomachs with plastic, their bodies are tricked into thinking they are full,causing them to slowly starve to death.

In other instances, harder pieces of plastic puncture the turtles as they try to swallow, or get caughtin their throats.

Luckily, Mallos said there is a very simple solution: reducing plastic consumption and recycling.

*loggerhead = cabeçuda (CNN. Adapted.)


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I. Turn the title of the text into Portuguese.

Sacolas plásticas podem ter o cheiro de comida para tartarugas

famintas, diz um novo estudo.


III. Complete the sentences below with some of the expressions above.

Although1. ____________ he hurried, the shop was closed when he got there.

tasty2. Room rates also include a ______________ American-style buffet breakfast.

presented3. He _______________ the report to his colleagues at the meeting.

captive4. Most aquariums get their sharks from _______________ breeding (=de reprodução) programs.

soaked5. The carpet was _____________ in blood.

Turn the following sentences into English.

1. Até agora eles não comeram nada.

Until now they haven’t eaten anything.

2. Eu não conversei com eles até agora.

I haven’t talked to them until now.

• Do you remember a synonym for until now?

So far

IV.

Watch the different meanings of smell.

1. I must say, you have a remarkable sense of smell.

olfato

2. They hunt by taste and smell.

cheiro

3. This parfum doesn’t smell so good.

não cheira, não tem o cheiro

4. I can still smell his scent on his clothes.

sentir

5. Frankly, I can smell danger a mile away.

pressentir

V. Match the columns.

ENGLISH PORTUGUESE

1. sea turtle 1 e a) até agora

2. although 2 c b) apresentar

3. until now 3 a c) embora

4. tasty 4 h d) bactérias

5. bacteria 5 d e) tartaruga marinha

6. to present 6 b f) embebida

7. captive 7 g g) em cativeiro

8. soaked 8 f h) saborosa

SMELL

ENGLISH PORTUGUESE

1. to keep 1 a a) manter

2. compared to 2 d b) evoluir

3. perhaps 3 h c) em direção a

4. mistake 4 j d) comparado com

5. juicy 5 i e) supermercado

6. to evolve 6 b f) sinalizar

7. to signal 7 f g) buscar, seguir

8. to pursue 8 g h) talvez

9. towards 9 c i) suculenta

10. grocery store 10 e j) erro


Using the vocabulary already studied, turn the sentences below intoPortuguese.

1. She was starving to death. Therefore she went to a snack bar andordered a juicy hamburger.

Ela estava morrendo de fome. Portanto ela foi a uma lanchonete

e pediu um suculento hambúrguer.

2. He walked towards the grocery store in order to buy some fruit.

Ele caminhou em direção ao supermercado para comprar

algumas frutas.

VI. Guess the meanings of the underlined expressions.

1. Paul was chomping down on a bar of chocolate.

mastigando ruidosamente

2. I’d like to give the children a treat. They are behaving very well.

guloseima

3. The child was stung by a jellyfish. It’s a kind of sea animal with ajelly-like body.

água-viva

4. The Court heard how Dean had tricked the old lady into giving him800 pounds, claiming that he would invest it for her.

tinha enganado

VII. Match the columns.

Insert the previous vocabulary into the sentences below.

survive1. Few birds managed to _________________ the bad winter.

issue2. The question of pay is not an important ____________________at the moment.

concerning3. The increase in crime in the area is very ___________________ .

throat4. I swallowed a fish bone and it got stuck in my _______________.

VIII. Guess the meanings of the underlined expressions.

1. There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel thisis a good time to return.

entretanto

2. As a social worker, he saw many instances of extreme poverty.

exemplos

3. The new tires are made of a stronger rubber so that they punctureless easily.

furam

4. I mistook you for my brother in this bad light.

confundi

IX. Turn these excerpts from the text into Portuguese.

1. “... causing them to slowly starve to death.”

... fazendo com que elas lentamente morram de fome.

2. “... harder pieces of plastic puncture the turtles ...”

... pedaços de plástico mais duros furam as tartarugas...

ENGLISH PORTUGUESE

1. to become 1 b a) garganta

2. to survive 2 g b) tornar-se

3. issue 3 c c) assunto

4. concerning 4 d d) preocupante

5. endangered =threatened

5 e e) ameaçadas

6. to fill up 6 h f) mais duros

7. harder 7 f g) sobreviver

8. throat 8 a h) encher, preencher

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1. (MODELO ENEM) – De acordo com o texto:a) os cientistas ainda não sabem porque as tartarugas marinhas comem

plástico.b) as tartarugas mencionadas no texto foram pesquisadas em seu

habitat natural.c) no estudo, as tartarugas não responderam aos cheiros de plástico

sujo e de comida de tartaruga da mesma forma.d) no estudo, as tartarugas marinhas confundiram sacolas plásticas

com água-viva.e) as tartarugas são seduzidas pelo cheiro de plástico sujo, geralmente

coberto de bactérias e algas, em superfícies molhadas.

Resposta: E

2. In: “Nonetheless, Mallos says that sea turtles’ habit of eating plasticis especially concerning because...”, the underlined word is closest inmeaning to:a) relatingb) trouble-freec) worryingd) in regard toe) cozy

Resposta: C

3. Nonetheless in: “Nonetheless, Mallos says that sea turtles’ habit ...”conveys an idea ofa) consequence.b) addition.c) concession.d) contrast.e) doubt.

Resposta: D

4. The word missing in the 7th paragraph is:a) althoughb) thereforec) insteadd) otherwisee) however

Resposta: B

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ANOTAÇÕES


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MÓDULO 58 Text

Online EducationA new kind of online school wants to teach nursing, and more

“I have been this close to buying a nursing school.” This is not a sentence you expect to hearfrom a startup founder. Nursing seems a world away from the high-tech innovation of Silicon Valley.Austen Allred, boss of Lambda School, sees things differently. His two-year-old firm matcheslabour supply and demand by providing fast, efficient training to potential employees. It offers fiveonline courses that prepare candidates to write software at technology firms. Training nurses, moreof which are sorely needed to care for America’s ageing population, is not an illogical next step.

Instead of responding to the threat of joblessness posed by automation with a universal basicincome, Mr Allred wants to help people to switch jobs faster. Unlike most online courses, Lambdadoes not charge students up front to attend (though admissions are competitive) and online tuitionis live and interactive, not recorded. Full-time students attend for nine months, Monday to Friday,8am to 5pm San Francisco time. Latecomers risk falling behind. In most recent classes, 85% ofstudents who began a course finished it.

The school only starts getting paid back for its services after its students have landed a jobwhich pays them more than $50,000 a year, something Lambda expends significant energy to helpthem do. Around 70% of those enrolled do so within six months of graduation. Lambda then getsa cut of about a sixth of their income for the next two years, until they have paid about $30,000.(Or they can pay $20,000 up front.)

(The Economist)


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I. is the job of being a nurse.

Ex.: She studied nursing at Garfield Hospital.

enfermagem

II. Read the sentences below and turn the underlined expressions intoPortuguese.

1. He found an injured cat and carefully nursed it.

cuidou de

2. He nursed the crying child on his lap.

acalentou

3. Pregnant and nursing mothers are advised to eat plenty of leafygreen vegetables.

que estão amamentando

4. Their two children have been going to a nursery since they weresmall babies.

creche, “escolinha”

III. Turn into Portuguese.

“I have been this close to buying a nursing school.”

“Estive muito perto de comprar uma escola de enfermagem.”

IV. Complete the sentences with verbs from the box.

teach1. We have a shortage of people who can ______________ Physics.

expect2. We ______________ to see you next Tuesday.

seemed3. The children _____________ as if they were very tired.

heard4. She _________________ a noise outside.

see5. He couldn’t _________________ what difference it made to comeon Thursday instead of Friday.

V. gentil / tipo

Turn into English.

1. Ela é uma pessoa muito gentil.

She is a very kind person.

2. Eu geralmente não gosto deste tipo de filme.

I don’t usually like this kind of movie.

VI. Match the columns.

VII. Turn into Portuguese.

1. We are talking here of a specific employer – employee relationship.

Estamos falando aqui de um relacionamento patrão –

empregado específico.

2. She can’t go out to work because she has to stay at home to carefor her children.

Ela não pode sair para trabalhar porque tem que ficar em casa

para cuidar dos filhos.

VIII.

Translate the underlined expressions.

1. The demand for skilled labour in the building industry is high.

mão de obra qualificada*skilled labour = _______________________________________

NURSING

TO TEACH – TO EXPECT – TO HEAR – TO SEEM – TO SEE

KIND

ENGLISH PORTUGUESE

1. founder 1 g a) cuidar de

2. easily 2 b b) facilmente

3. differently 3 e c) muito longe

4. employee 4 d d) empregado

5. to care for 5 a e) diferentemente

6. ageing 6 h f) medida

7. step 7 f g) fundador

8. a world away 8 c h) que está envelhecendo

LABOUR


2. She went into labour early this morning.

trabalho de parto*labour = ________________________________________

3. People doing jobs that involve manual labour use up a lot of energy.

trabalho*labour = _____________________________________________

IX. How would you say in English?

1. A minha cunhada tem dezenove anos.

My sister-in-law is nineteen years old.

2. Joanne é a minha filha de treze anos.

Joanne is my thirteen-year-old daughter.

X.

Supply is an amount or quantity of something that is available to use.Ex.: The falling leaves provide a good supply of nutrients to the soil.

suprimento

Demand is the amount of a product or service that people want.Ex.: 318,400 new houses will be needed by 2030 to cope with thedemand.

demanda, procura

Supply and demand is the relationship between how much of aparticular product is available and how much of it people want andespecially the way that this affects the level of prices.

oferta e procura

XI. Match the columns.

Use part of the previous vocabulary to fill in the sentences.

instead of1. Can’t we deal with this now ___________________ waiting untiltomorrow?

switching2. Once you have learned the basics of word processing, __________________________between different programs is quite easy.

attended3. Born in India, he _______________________ high school and medical school in Madras.

threat4. She is not viewed as a _________________ by her former employer.

live5. We found a bar that has _________________ music on Friday nights.

unlike6. The festival has been a great success, __________________ last year,when it rained non-stop.

XII. Find out the meanings of the underlined expressions.

1. We offer a discount to customers who pay up front.

antecipadamente

2. Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to other road users.

representam uma ameaça

3. Most children in the UK remain in full-time education until they areat least 16 years old.

período integral

4. A latecomer is a person who arrives late.

retardatário

5. He was hoping to land a job on a permanent basis.

conseguir / arrumar um emprego

6. You expend so much energy in such a search.

gasta

7. We have enrolled eighty children in this day-care program.

matriculamos

8. I was sorely tempted to say exactly what I thought of his offer.

extremamente, muito

SUPPLY AND DEMAND

ENGLISH PORTUGUESE

1. to provide 1 b a) ao vivo

2. instead of 2 e b) fornecer

3. threat 3 c c) ameaça

4. joblessness 4 h d) cobrar

5. income 5 j e) em vez de

6. to switch 6 f f) trocar, mudar

7. unlike 7 i g) frequentar (aulas)

8. to charge 8 d h) desemprego

9. to attend 9 g i) ao contrário de

10. live 10 a j) renda

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XIII.

Tuition is teaching, especially when given to a small group or oneperson, such as in a college or university.Ex.: All students receive tuition in logic and metaphysics.

ensino

Tuition (fees) is also the money paid to a university for this type ofteaching.Ex.: Few can afford the tuition of $ 12,000 a semester.

taxas, despesas escolares

XIV. Write in English.

1. Em vez de cobrar uma taxa para frequentar o curso, ofereça-ogratuitamente.

Instead of charging a fee to attend the course, offer it for free.

2. O desemprego está alto no país, mas, mesmo assim, se eu fossevocê, mudaria de emprego.

Joblessness is high in the country but, even so, if I were you,

I would switch jobs.

TUITION

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Responda em português.

1. Quem é Austen Allred? O que é a Lambda School?

Austen Allred é o proprietário da Lambda School, uma empresa de dois anos que combina oferta e procura de mão de obra, fornecendo

um treinamento rápido e eficiente para possíveis empregados. A empresa oferece cinco cursos online que preparam os candidatos a

criarem software em firmas de tecnologia.

2. Qual a duração dos cursos, quanto custam e qual a forma de pagamento?

Alunos em período integral participam dos cursos durante nove meses das 8 da manhã às 5 da tarde, de segunda à sexta. Os candidatos

só começarão a pagar quando conseguirem um emprego em que recebam mais de 50 mil dólares por ano (cerca de 70% o conseguem

em 6 meses de formados). A partir daí, Lambda recebe 1/6 da renda dos alunos durante o período de dois anos até o pagamento de cerca

de 30 mil dólares (ou 20 mil antecipadamente).


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MÓDULO 59 Text

Britain’s Green Party Proposes A Three-Day Weekend

With the prospect of two bank holidays on the horizon, Britons have an embarrassment of longweekends to savour. For Caroline Lucas, the joint leader of the Green Party, that is not enough: shewants three-day weekends every week. In March she announced at her party’s conference that theGreens were exploring such a policy, which could go in their manifesto soon.

The Greens reckon that lopping a day off the working week would begin to redress the inequalitiesbetween men and women, since both paid and unpaid work might then be shared more evenly. Peoplecould do more of what they love and would be less stressed. It would reduce Britain’s carbon footprint.And it could even boost the country’s productivity.

Some evidence supports this. A paper published in 2014 by Stanford University shows that reducingworking hours can be good for productivity. Between 2007 and 2011 the American state of Utahadjusted the working week for state employees, with longer days from Monday to Thursday, and Fridayoff. In ten months the shift saved the state $1,8m in energy costs.

But the Greens would go further than simply redistributing working hours over four days: theysuggest that people could work fewer hours overall. Since not everyone can afford to take a 20% paycut, “wages must go up correspondingly” – courtesy of employers and the state – “to ensure no oneloses out”. The 26m employed Britons earn on average £90 ($112) a day. Covering the shortfall wouldcost around £120bn a year, equivalent to the budget of the National Health Service.

The Greens’ proposals encounter two problems. First, the theory. They argue that the reduced hoursworked by some could be redistributed to others in order to lower underemployment. They thus fall preyto the notion that there is a fixed amount of work to be done which can be shared out in different waysto create fewer or more jobs. In fact, if people worked fewer hours, demand would drop, and so fewerworking hours would be on offer.

Second, the cost. Increased productivity could cover some of the costs of paying a five-day wagefor a four-day week, suggests Saray Lyall of the New Economics Foundation, a think-tank. She points toa Glasgow marketing company that did just that, and experienced a 30% leap in productivity. But thatis an astonishing increase to expect in every area.

The Greens say they are in the early stages of exploring the idea and have not yet produced firmcostings. It might be useful to do so before next local elections. That leaves little time – but presumablythe party’s policymakers will raise their productivity accordingly.

(The Economist, adapted)


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I. Translate the title of the text.

O Partido Verde da Grã-Bretanha propõe um fim de semana de

três dias.


III. Match the columns.

IV.

Translate the underlined expressions.

1. The police are appealing to the public for any information about thekiller.

polícia (+ verb in the plural)* police = _____________________________________________

2. It’s not company policy to sell goods to persons under the age of 18.

política, diretriz, norma* policy = _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

estrategista político / econômico; * policymaker = ________________________________________

legislador

3. You should check your policy to see if you are covered for tornadoes.

apólice* policy = _____________________________________________

4. A lot of young people just don’t seem interested in politics.

política (ciência política)* politics = ____________________________________________

V. Use the verbs from the box to complete the sentences, payingattention to the verb tenses.

adjust1. Turn the little knob (= botão) to _______________ the volume.

2. The area has recently become very fashionable and house prices

going upare ___________________________________________________

share3. She’s very possessive about her toys and finds it hard to ________.

saved4. Thanks for your help – it _______________ me a lot of work.

announced5. The president has _______________ that public spending will be

increased next year.

supports6. The mass of people _______________ the government’s reforms.

afford7. I don’t know how he can ____________ a new car on his salary.

VI.

A group of experts providing advice and ideas on specific political oreconomic problems.

equipe de especialistas* think tank = __________________________________________

VII. Complete the sentences by using the verbs from the box. Payattention to the verb tenses.

expecting1. We are ______________ a lot of applicants for the job.

lower2. Please _____________ your voice! I’m not deaf!

cover3. Would 50 dollars _____________ your expenses?

ENGLISH PORTUGUESE

1. holidays 1 c a) documento

2. inequalities 2 e b)além

3. paper 3 a c) feriados

4. state employees 4 g d) redução de salário

5. further 5 b e)desigualdades

6. overall 6 f f) em geral

7. pay cut 7 d g) funcionários públicos

ENGLISH PORTUGUESE

1. proposal 1 c a) quantidade

2. unemployment 2 f b)surpreendente

3. amount 3 a c) proposta

4. demand 4 g d)etapa

5. astonishing 5 b e)orçamento, custos

6. stage 6 d f) desemprego

7. costings 7 e g)demanda

POLICE – POLICY – POLITICS

TO ANNOUNCE – TO SHARE – TO SUPPORT

TO ADJUST – TO SAVE – TO AFFORD – TO GO UP

THINK TANK

TO EARN – TO COVER – TO ENCOUNTER –

TO ARGUE – TO LOWER – TO POINT – TO EXPECT


argue4. Environmentalists _____________ that more goods should betransported by rail.

5. Many people are more interested in job satisfaction than in

earning _____________ large amounts of money.

6. Environmental problems they found in the area were among the

encountered worst they __________________.

point7. Economic conditions _____________ to further inflation.

VIII.

TO FALL PREY TO something means “to become a victim of”Translate the sentence.

On the flight from Paris to Nice she fell prey to panic.

No voo de Paris a Nice ela foi vítima de pânico (ela entrou em

pânico).

IX.Translate the underlined expressions in the following sentences.

1. Is there any prospect of the weather improving?

possibilidade* prospect = ___________________________________________

2. The art gallery has an embarassment of treasures, with nowhere toput most of them.

excesso* embarassment = _______________________________________

3. Profits are evenly distributed among the directors at the end of theyear.

igualmente* evenly = _____________________________________________

4. The 1990s saw a shift to democratic governments in eastern Europe.

mudança* shift = _______________________________________________

5. The workers were struggling to get better wages.

salário(s)* wage(s) = ____________________________________________

6. If you need 100 barrels of grain and you produce only 40, this is anexample of shortfall.

“rombo”, deficit* shortfall = ___________________________________________

7. The school budget is going to be cut again this year.

orçamento* budget = _____________________________________________

8. There has been a huge leap in the price of fuel.

aumento, salto* leap = _______________________________________________

ano bissexto* LEAP YEAR = _______________________________________

X. Look at the definitions of the following verbs and translate them.

1. to savour = to enjoy or to appreciate something

apreciar, saborear, curtir= ____________________________________________________

2. to reckon = to think; to believe

achar, acreditar= ____________________________________________________

3. to lop off = to reduce

reduzir= ____________________________________________________

4. to redress = to correct something that is unfair

corrigir= ____________________________________________________

5. to boost = to increase or improve something

aumentar, melhorar, impulsionar= ____________________________________________________

6. to ensure = to make something certain to happen

assegurar= ____________________________________________________

7. to lose out = to suffer a disadvantage

perder, ser prejudicado= ____________________________________________________

Now, complete the sentences.

1. There’s something about French villages that make you want to

savour______________ every moment.

boost2. Prices will be reduced in order to _____________ sales.

lose out3. If we don’t act quickly, we’ll _____________ to another company.

reckon4. I _____________ it’s going to rain tonight.

ensure5. We must _______________ that tourism develops in harmony withenvironment.

lop off6. Would you like to __________ a day _________ the working week?

redress7. It’s time to _____________ the injustices of the past.

XI.

Your carbon footprint is the sum of all emissions of CO2 (carbondioxide) that your activities produce.

emissão de carbono, pegada de carbono*carbon footprint = _________________________________________

TO FALL PREY TO

CARBON FOOTPRINT

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XII. Synonym Match

Responder em português.

1. Quais as justificativas apresentadas pelo Partido Verde da Inglaterrapara a implantação do fim de semana de três dias?

Os Verdes acreditam que a proposta começaria a corrigir as

desigualdades entre os sexos, já que homens e mulheres

poderiam dividir igualmente as tarefas pagas e não pagas;

haveria redução de emissões de carbono; as pessoas teriam

tempo de fazer o que gostam e seriam menos estressadas; a

produtividade aumentaria no país.

2. Quais os dois problemas que poderiam advir da implantação daproposta mencionada no texto?

Se as pessoas trabalhassem menos, a demanda cairia e,

consequentemente, haveria menos oferta de horas de trabalho.

Uma produtividade maior cobriria apenas parte do custo de um

salário de cinco dias para uma semana de quatro dias.

ENGLISH ENGLISH

1. prospect 1 g a) change

2. embarassment 2 b b)excess

3. evenly 3 i c) surprising

4. to support 4 d d) to sustain

5. shift 5 a e)deficit

6. to afford 6 h f) to increase

7. shortfall 7 e g)possibility

8. leap 8 j h) to have the means for

9. astonishing 9 c i) equally

10. to raise 10 f j) jump

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MÓDULO 60 Text

Burger King’s owner tries

to regain its sizzle

Fast food does not automatically equal fast growth

The owner of Burger King had a less than royal2019. After a sizzling start to the year RestaurantBrands International (RBI) shed a fifth of itsmarket value between August and December.Although it earns 58% of revenues from a capital-light franchise business, a bigger slice thanMcDonald’s, its return on invested capital islower, partly owing to a string of priceyacquisitions (see chart). On February 10thinvestors once again digested disappointingquarterly results from Tim Hortons, a Canadiandoughnut chain which accounts for 60% of RBI’ssales. The group’s overall earnings beat forecaststhanks to Popeyes, another of its chains. RBIneeds more spinach to catch up with rivals suchas Yum Brands (owner of KFC, Pizza Hut andTaco Bell) and Starbucks—let alone McDonald’s,whose market value and net income are roughlythat of the other three firms combined.

(The Economist)


I.

1. In Mathematics, EQUALS can be written as the symbol (=).10 +10 = 20 means ten plus ten equals twenty.

So, turn into Portuguese.Fast food does not automatically equal fast growth.

Fast food (comida rápida) não é automaticamente igual a

crescimento rápido.

2. TO SIZZLE means to make a sound like food cooking in hot fat.Ex.: The sausages are sizzling in the pan.

Chiando, fritando (barulho)


Insert some expressions from the previous exercise into thesentences.

pricey1. A car like that is too ____________________ for me.

regained2. The government has ________________________ control of thecapital from rebel forces.

digest3. Certain people find that they can’t _______________ meat easily.

A fifth4. ______________ is the same as 20%.

try5. Of course the exercises are difficult, but you must _____________to do them.

earning6. Now that you’re __________________ how about taking me outto dinner?

III. = Once more.

once againIf you say that ______________. I’m going to leave.

Other expressions with ONCE.

Insert the expressions above into the sentences below.

For oncea) _________________ I think I have good news for him.

Onceb) ___________ I find somewhere to live, I’ll send you my address.

EQUALS AND TO SIZZLE

ENGLISH PORTUGUESE

1. owner 1 h a) valor de mercado

2. to try 2 i b) caras

3. to regain 3 g c) ganhar

4. a fifth 4 j d) menor

5. market value 5 a e) mais uma vez

6. to earn 6 c f) digerir

7. lower 7 d g) recuperar

8. pricey 8 b h) dono

9. once again 9 e i) tentar

10. to digest 10 f j) um quinto

ONCE AGAIN

1. once = ______________________________________________

2. once in a lifetime = ____________________________________

3. once and for all = _____________________________________

4. once in a while = ______________________________________

5. once more = __________________________________________

6. once upon a time = ____________________________________

7. at once = ____________________________________________

8. all at once = __________________________________________

9. for once = ___________________________________________

uma vez, outrora, assim que

uma vez na vida

de uma vez por todas

de vez em quando

mais uma vez

era uma vez

imediatamente

de repente

até que enfim, desta vez

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oncec) Louise bought the house where her grandparents had __________lived.

onced) I only met him ___________. They’ve been here once before.

once and for alle) I’m warning you ___________________________ to talk to himabout these problems before it’s too late.

at oncef) Bake for 35 minutes and then serve _____________________.

once in a lifetimeg) An opportunity as good as this arises _____________________.

once in a whileh) Make sure you take a break _____________________________.

All at oncej) ___________________ the door opened.

IV. Find out the meanings of the underlined expressions.

1. A lot of trees shed leaves in the autumn.

perdem (folhas, cabelo, pelo etc.)

2. She walked home by herself, although she knew it was dangerous.

embora

3. Revenue is the income that a government or company receivesregularly.

receita

4. Would you like another slice of cake?

fatia

V. Match the columns.

Turn into Portuguese using the expressions from the columns.

1. The news beat the forecast thanks to the overall cooperation ofpeople.

A notícia foi melhor que a previsão graças à cooperação total

das pessoas.

2. It was an old house whose owner had died owing to pneumonia.

Era uma casa velha cujo proprietário tinha morrido devido à

pneumonia.

ENGLISH PORTUGUESE

1. partly 1 f a) bater, ser melhor que

2. owing to 2 h b) total, geral

3. overall 3 b c) renda líquida

4. chain 4 d d) rede, cadeia

5. to beat-beat-beaten 5 a e) previsão

6. forecast 6 e f) em parte

7. thanks to 7 l g) cujo

8. spinach 8 j h) devido a

9. whose 9 g i) graças a

10. net income 10 c j) espinafre

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VI. Turn the sentences into English.

1. A situação geral é boa graças à ajuda de todos.

The overall situation is good thanks to everyone’s help.

2. As previsões foram decepcionantes devido à falta de chuva.

The forecasts were disappointing owing to the lack of rain.

VI. Match the expressions with their synonyms below.

1. ( c ) string2. ( b ) quarterly3. ( a ) to account for4. ( d ) to catch up with5. ( f ) let alone6. ( e ) roughly

a) to represent.b) four times a year.c) seriesd) to achievee) approximatelyf) used after a negative statement to emphasize how unlikely a

situation is because something much more likely has neverhappened.

Turn these sentences into Portuguese.

1. Some people never even read a newspaper, let alone a book.

Algumas pessoas nem mesmo leem um jornal que dirá um livro.

/ muito menos um livro.

2. What do you think of the recent string of political scandals?

O que você acha da recente série de escândalos políticos?

3. High-tech companies account for 32% of the value of the payrolls.

Empresas de alta tecnologia representam 32% do valor total

das folhas de pagamento.

1. (MODELO ENEM) – Qual motivo o texto apresenta para a posiçãoda RBI no gráfico de retorno sobre o capital investido?a) A aquisicão da franquia Popeyes.b) Bons resultados da empresa Tim Hortons.c) Suas receitas de franquias serem maiores do que as do McDonald’s.d) Uma série de aquisições dispendiosas.e) Diminuição no mercado de carnes.

Resposta: D

2. (MODELO ENEM) – No texto: “RBI needs more spinach to catchup with rivals such as Yum Brands...”.

A expressão grifada exerce uma ideia dea) ultrapassagem dos concorrentes.b) limite de receitas.c) extrapolação de necessidades.d) excesso de confiança.e) alcance de igualdade.

Resposta: E

3. No texto: “Although it earns 58% of revenues from..”

O conectivo sublinhado pode ser substituido, sem perda de significado,pora) however.b) albeit.c) because of.d) nevertheless.e) inasmuch as.

Resposta: B

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UNIFESP

INSTRUÇÃO: As questões de números 1 a 6 referem-se ao textoseguinte.

1. The human braina) is employed about 10% of the time in its full capacity.b) could use 90% of its energy in future, after additional research.c) may be used at only 10% of its full potential in certain situations.

d) is highly demanded by people who have an extraordinary memory fornumbers.

e) was much more active in scientists like Albert Einstein and WilliamJames.

2. Segundo o neurologista Barry Gordon,a) a relação entre o peso e a energia consumida pelo cérebro é

semelhante à dos outros órgãos.b) o cérebro é um músculo que deve ser exercitado sem interrupção.c) a energia consumida pelo cérebro varia de 10% a 90%, dependendo

do peso do cérebro.d) William James estava correto em associar Einstein à maior utilização

da potencialidade cerebral.e) grande parte do cérebro fica ativa quase o tempo todo.

3. The statement by William James — “We are making use of only asmall part of our possible mental and physical resources.” —a) agrees with Einstein’s theories.b) supports the 10 percent myth.c) confirms Barry Gordon’s ideas.d) is an argument against the complexity of the brain.e) demonstrates that the brain is a God’s mystery.

4. No trecho do último parágrafo — like the body’s muscles, —, apalavra like indicaa) semelhança.b) exemplificação.c) generalização.d) probabilidade.e) contraste.

5. No trecho do segundo parágrafo — they too could become savantswho remember π to the twenty-thousandth decimal place or perhapseven have telekinetic powers. —, a palavra perhaps significa, emportuguês,a) exceto.b) até.c) portanto.d) talvez.e) certamente.

6. No trecho do terceiro parágrafo — It’s also been associated withAlbert Einstein, who supposedly used it to explain his cosmic toweringintellect. —, a letra s em It’s indica a forma verbala) is.b) were.c) has.d) was.e) had.

DO PEOPLE ONLY USE 10 PERCENT OF THEIR BRAINS?

By Robynne Boyd

The human brain is complex. Along with performing millionsof mundane acts, it composes concertos, issues manifestos andcomes up with elegant solutions to equations. It’s the wellspringof all human feelings, behaviors, experiences as well as therepository of memory and self-awareness. So it’s no surprise thatthe brain remains a mystery unto itself.

Adding to that mystery is the contention that humans “only”employ 10 percent of their brain. If only regular folk could tap thatother 90 percent, they too could become savants who rememberπ to the twenty-thousandth decimal place or perhaps even havetelekinetic powers.

Though an alluring idea, the “10 percent myth” is so wrongit is almost laughable, says neurologist Barry Gordon at JohnsHopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore. Although there’s nodefinitive culprit to pin the blame on for starting this legend, thenotion has been linked to the American psychologist and authorWilliam James, who argued in The Energies of Men that “Weare making use of only a small part of our possible mental andphysical resources.” It’s also been associated with AlbertEinstein, who supposedly used it to explain his cosmic toweringintellect.

The myth’s durability, Gordon says, stems from people’sconceptions about their own brains: they see their ownshortcomings as evidence of the existence of untapped graymatter. This is a false assumption. What is correct, however, isthat at certain moments in anyone’s life, such as when we aresimply at rest and thinking, we may be using only 10 percent ofour brains.

“It turns out though, that we use virtually every part of thebrain, and that most of the brain is active almost all the time,”Gordon adds. “Let’s put it this way: the brain represents threepercent of the body’s weight and uses 20 percent of the body’senergy.”

Although it’s true that at any given moment all of the brain’sregions are not concurrently firing, brain researchers usingimaging technology have shown that, like the body’s muscles,most are continually active over a 24-hour period.

(www.sciam.com/article. Adaptado.)


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Texto para as questões 7 e 8.

7. De acordo com o texto, a energia vinda do Sol:a) representa 1/3 do consumo de energia deste planeta.b) não pode ser usada, pois é toda absorvida pela atmosfera da Terra.c) reflete-se na superfície da Terra e se perde em seu espaço interior.d) é muito maior que o consumo humano de energia.e) seria 35.000 vezes maior sem a interferência do efeito estufa.

8. O texto afirma que:a) a energia solar está sendo empregada em larga escala pelo homem.b) as plantas se beneficiam do poder da energia solar.c) o uso doméstico da energia solar está ocorrendo em pequena escala.d) o carro movido a energia solar está sendo produzido em grande

escala.e) as naves espaciais de hoje empregam a energia solar.

Texto para questão 9.

9. A publicidade feita pela TV, atualmente:a) não é bem vista pelo autor do parágrafo e por muita gente.b) procura abordar fatos do domínio público.c) irrita todo mundo, sem exceção.d) deve ser mais agressiva.e) é um entretenimento para o telespectador.

ENEM

10.

No que diz respeito à tragédia ocorrida em Burkesville, a autora da cartaenviada ao The New York Times buscaa) reconhecer o acidente noticiado como um fato isolado.b) responsabilizar o irmão da vítima pelo incidente ocorrido.c) apresentar versão diferente da notícia publicada pelo jornal.d) expor sua indignação com a negligência de portadores de armas.e) reforçar a necessidade de proibição do uso de armas por crianças.

11.

Disponível em: http://brukota-zinic.com.

A campanha desse pôster, direcionada aos croatas, tem como propósitoa) alertar os cidadãos sobre a lei em vigor contra a discriminação.b) conscientizar sobre as consequências do preconceito na sociedade.c) reduzir os prejuízos causados por motoristas alcoolizadas.d) fazer uma crítica à falta de habilidade das mulheres ao volante.e) evitar os acidentes de trânsito envolvendo mulheres.

Solar energy is one of the most resourceful sources of energyfor the future. One of the reasons for this is that the total energywe receive each year from the Sun is around 35.000 times thetotal energy used by man. However, about 1/3 of this energy iseither absorbed by the outer atmosphere or reflected back intospace.

Solar energy is presently being used on a smaller scale infurnaces for homes and to heat up swimming pools. On a largescale use, solar energy could be used to run cars, power plantsand space ships.

(IFSP)

This is a well known fact that half the population in this countryis annoyed by ads. Until that day comes when advertisers havelearned how to sell their articles in a friendlly manner, I suggestthat viewers try their best not to buy anything advertised on TV.

Letters

Children and GunsTo the Editor: Re “Girl’s Death by Gunshot Is Rejected asSymbol”:I find it abhorrent that the people of Burkesville, Ky., are not willingto learn a lesson from the tragic shooting of a 2-year-old girl by her5-year-old brother. I am not judging their lifestyle of introducingguns to children at a young age, but I do feel that it’s irresponsible

not to practice basic safety with anything potentially lethal – guns,knives, fire and so on. How can anyone justify leaving guns lyingaround, unlocked and possibly loaded, in a home with two youngchildren? I wish the family of the victim comfort during this difficulttime, but to dismiss this as a simple accident leaves open thepotential for many more such “accidents” to occur. I hope thisdoesn’t have to happen several more times for legislators to realizethat something needs to be changed. Emily Loubaton

Disponível em: www.nytimes.com.

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1) C 2) E 3) B 4) A

5) D 6) C 7) D 8) C

9) A 10)D 11) A


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