inglês jurídico ii materials first part 2014.doc

8/13/2019 Ingls Jurdico II materials first part 2014.doc

1/16

FACULTY OF LAW

INGLS JURDICO II

COURSE MATERIALS - part 1

Prepared b Da!"d W"#d

CONTENTS

page

Revision exercises on civil and criminal procedure 2

Lay involvement in the judicial process Juries and Magistrates 5

Grammar: indirect questions

!uestions and "ns#ers a$out Li$el and %lander &

Grammar: used to' still' any more ()

*uropean +nion introduction (2

*uropean "rrest ,arrant (-

Grammar: .assives (5

This course is taught on the assumption students have already completed the Ingls Jurdico Icourse/ 01 you have not done so' you should o$tain the 1irst part o1 the course materials 1orIngls Jurdico Iand do the 1irst (- pages o1 exercises' as 1ar as you are a$le there are someyou #ill not $e a$le to do 1or example listening exercises3/

February 2014


2/16

Re!"$"%& e'er("$e$ %& ("!"# a&d (r")"&a# pr%(ed*readapted 1rom wikipediaarticles

1 0n the $ox at the end o1 each line o1 text +r"tethe #ord 1rom list $elo# #hich 1its in thespace mar4ed $y square $rac4ets ,'

agencies clerks companies discovery lawsuits penaltiesprivate remedies service standards state statements

ivil procedure is the $ody o1 la# that sets out the rules and , that courts 1ollo#

#hen adjudicating civil , as opposed to procedures in criminal la# matters3/ 6hese

rules govern ho# a case may $e commenced' #hat 4ind o1 , o1 process i1 any3 is

required' the types o1 pleadings or , o1 case' motions or applications' and orders

allo#ed in civil cases' the timing and manner o1 depositions and , or disclosure'

the conduct o1 trials' the process 1or judgment' various availa$le ,' and ho# the

courts and , must 1unction/ riminal and civil procedure are di11erent/ "lthough

some systems' including the *nglish and 7rench' allo# , persons to see4 to have

criminal , imposed on another person $y $ringing a prosecution against him'

why prosecutions are nearly al#ays started $y the ,/ivil actions' on the other hand' are

started $y private individuals' , or organisations' 1or their o#n $ene1it/ 0n addition'

governments or their su$divisions or ,3 may also $e parties to civil actions/

. 0n the $ox at the end o1 each line o1 text +r"teone #ord #hich 1its in the space mar4ed$y square $rac4ets ,'

Most countries ma4e a clear distinction , civil and criminal procedure/ 7or example' a

criminal court may 1orce a convicted de1endant to pay a 1ine , punishment 1or his crime'

and the legal costs o1 , the prosecution and de1ence/ 8ut the victim o1 the crime

generally pursues his claim 1or compensation in a civil' , a criminal' action/ 0n 7rance'

0taly and *ngland' ho#ever' a victim o1 a crime , incidentally $e a#arded compensation

$y a criminal court judge/ *vidence that has , admitted in a criminal trial is generally

admissi$le as evidence in a civil action the same matter/ 7or example' the victim o1 a

road accident does not directly $ene1it i1 the driver #ho injured him is , guilty o1 the

crime o1 careless driving/ 9e still has to prove his case in a civil action' , the doctrine

o1 collateral estoppel applies' as it , in most "merican jurisdictions/ 0n 1act he may $e

a$le to prove his civil case even #hen the driver is 1ound , guilty in the criminal trial'

$ecause the standard to determine guilt is higher , the standard to determine 1ault/

/ 0n the $ox at the end o1 each de1inition on the next page +r"tethe #ord or expressionto $e 1ound in the texts a$ove3 to #hich you thin4 the de1inition applies/ ote that thede1inition does not include the #ord or any #ord in the expression3 that you are loo4ing1or/

" term' #ider in scope than ;damages


3/16

to a person #ho has su11ered loss or injury/

"lso 4no#n as issue preclusion' a common la# doctrine that prevents a person1rom relitigating an issue/

7ormal #ritten statements 1iled #ith a court $y parties in a civil action' other thana motion/ 8y stating #hat claims and de1ences are at issue' these statementsesta$lish the issues to $e decided $y the court/

ot $elonging to any o1 the categories o1 evidence that are $arred 1rom $eingpresented in a court o1 la#/

=ut>o1>court oral testimony o1 a #itness ta4en do#n in #riting 1or later use incourt or 1or discovery purposes/

.residing in a legal process $y #hich an ar$iter or judge revie#s evidence andargumentation to come to a decision #hich determines rights and o$ligations$et#een the parties/

0 Re#rite the 1irst sentence in each pair $y 1illing in the gaps #ith no 1e#er than t#o andnot more than 1ive #ords' including the #ord in square $rac4ets ,/

a3 0n a civil court' a success1ul claimant usually recovers damages/

" civil court ???????????????????????? a success1ul claimant ,a+ard$

$3 6he criminal and civil standards o1 proo1 are di11erent

6he standards o1 proo1 in criminal and civil ?????????????????? same/ ,(a$e$

c3 6he magistrate acquitted the de1endant/

6he magistrate 1ound ?????????????????????/ ,*"#t

d3 6he jury could not agree #hether the de1endant #as guilty or not

6he jury #ere ?????????????????????????? a verdict ,*&ab#e

2 0n small groups' d"$(*$$#hat you thin4 are the three most important di11erences$et#een civil and criminal procedure' and #hat you thin4 their importance is/ 6hen $tate thembr"e3#in the spaces $elo#/

a3

$3

c3

3


4/16

7or 4OMEWOR5' do a $it o1 re$ear(6online or else#here3 and $e prepared to d"$(*$$themain di11erences in civil and@or criminal procedure $et#een countries #ith common la# and civilla# systems/

D"$t"&(t"%&$ bet+ee& CRIMINAL a&d CI7IL Pr%(eed"&$

F"## "&the $oxes #ith the correct phrase 1rom the list

R0M0"L 0A0L .roceedings .roceedings

6he $urden o1 proo1 liesin general #ith the party#ho commences theproceedings' that isthe ///

claimant

6he party thatcommences theaction /////// the other/

prosecutes6he standard o1 proo1

%anction in generalterms3

7inancial sanction

,hen a jury is requiredin the +B3

01 the case is proved' thede1endant is ////

(/ 1or indicta$le o11ences' including ;either>#ay< o11ences committed to the ro#nourt

2/ prosecution

-/ $eyond all reasona$le dou$t

C/ lia$le

5/ hardly ever the main exception is in de1amation cases

D/ a remedy as set out in the judgment

4


5/16

/ prosecutes

&/ claimant

E/ a punishment as laid do#n in the judge


6/16

jurors have $een punished over the years/ "t the same time' judges , traditionally ta4en a

ro$ust vie# o1 the good sense o1 juries in $eing a$le to 1ocus , the case as presented in

court / 0n (EDE' , ' in a case #hich attracted a large amount o1 media coverage/ 6he judge

said' 0 have enough con1idence , my 1ello# countrymen to thin4 that they have got

ne#spapers siKed up and they are a matter , 1airly and #ithout prejudice even though they

have to disregard , they may have read in a ne#spaper/ %ome people argue that the

0nternet' , ' is an entirely di11erent proposition 1rom ne#spapers' and can have a much more

insidious e11ect on the integrity o1 a jury trial/ Jurors have , jailed 1or improper use o1

Google and 7ace$oo4' and at least one trial had to $e a$andoned a1ter , $ecame 4no#n/

changes to the la# have $een proposed' and at the very least ' ne# guidelines , judges

#hen they are addressing jurors as to , responsi$ilities seem to $e urgently required/

1a de1endant


7/16

N D))) N D)'))) N ())'))) N D))'))) N ( million

&/ ,hy does the judge in a ro#n ourt not give a reason 1or the verdict

4%)e+%r> Prepare a r%#eyou #ill $e told #hich one3 1or a simulated 6Adiscussion in #hich a host and three guests #ill discuss the merits o1 lay involvement inthe judicial process/ 6he host@presenter must $e 1amiliar #ith the issues $ut mustremain neutral/ 6he three guests are:

a3 " la#yer #ho practices in a *uropean jurisdiction and thin4s that it #or4s $etter#ithout the complications made necessary $y lay involvement/

$3 " common la#yer #ho supports the status quoand $elieves any proposedreduction in lay involvement should $e resisted/

c3 " la#yer #ho $elieves in lay involvement in principle' $ut $elieves modernconditions necessitate some modi1ications to the existing rules/

0ndirect questions0ndirect questions $egin #ith phrases such as:Could you please tell me ...Do you happen to know ...

8elo# are phrases that could $e used to complete the indirect questions/ T*r& t6e$ep6ra$e$ "&t% d"re(t =*e$t"%&$:Iou may have to alter #ord order' add auxiliary ver$s'or ma4e other changes to the phrase/ 6he 1irst is done as an example

/// ho# the government can legally justi1y its decision to go to #ar

How can the government legally justify its decision to go to war?

/// #ho #ants to change the la# so that terrorists can $e convicted on a $alance o1pro$a$ilities

/// i1 the jury is ready to give its verdict

/// #hat areas o1 administrative decision ma4ing #ill $e removed 1rom the scrutiny o1the courts

/// #hat advice the la# o11icers have given to the minister

/// #hen the judge is li4ely to give his summing>up/

/// #hen the asylum and immigration $ill $ecame la#

/// #hich minister too4 over some o1 the Lord hancellorta4ing #as exposed in the ta$loid press

/// i1 company la# is similar in your country to ours

/// #ho has the $urden o1 proo1 in a civil case

7


8/16

/// #hich standard o1 proo1 is easier to satis1y

/// #hich o1 the current la# lords supports the proposed re1orms

/// #ho has the time to read every issue o1 the la# reports

/// #hether 0 should see4 legal advice

/// #hose research suggests that this la# is almost impossi$le to en1orce

/// #hy you thin4 this clause o1 the contract is unli4ely to $e e11ective

%ome o1 the direct questions do not require you to ma4e any changes/ W6at d% t6e$e=*e$t"%&$ 6a!e "& (%))%&?

@*e$t"%&$ a&d A&$+er$ ab%*t L"be# a&d S#a&der"dapted 1rom http:@@###/carter>ruc4/com@7"!s@Li$elO2)andO2)%landerO2)ases/html

A: F"## "& the $lan4s to complete the questions/ .hrases have $een removed 1rom the textand replaced $y num$ers in ,square $rac4ets/ 6he missing phrases are listed $elo# the text/Wr"tethe correct num$er next to each phrase as in the example/

@1 W"t6"& per"%d )*$t #"be# %r $#a&der (%))e&(ed?+sually #ithin one year o1 the date o1 pu$lication o1 the material containing the de1amatoryallegations complained o1/ 9o#ever' in exceptional circumstances ,1/

@. W6at #"be# a&d $#a&der?Li$el concerns the #ritten #ord and ,./ %lander concerns the spo4en #ord/

@/ W6% #"be# %r $#a&der?0ndividuals' companies' 1irms' charities and trade unions can all $ring proceedings 1or li$el andslander/ ,/and political parties cannot > $ut i1 the allegation re1lects on them' individualcouncillors' civil servants and politicians can all $ring actions in their o#n name/

@0 W6at a per$%& %r (%)pa& "& a #"be# %r $#a&der a(t"%&?(/ that the #ords are de1amatory o1 themP2/ that the #ords ,0P and

-/ that the #ords have $een pu$lished to a third party/" li$el claimant does not have to prove that the #ords are 1alse or ,2/ amage is presumed/" slander claimant #ill need to prove that the de1amatory allegations caused actual damage'unless the slander is #ithin certain categories/

@2 are +%rd$ de3a)at%r?6here is no set de1inition o1 Hde1amatoryH/ " statement may $e considered de1amatory ,;:a/ lo#er the claimant in the estimation o1 right>thin4ing mem$ers o1 society generallyP$/ disparage a claimant in his $usiness' trade' o11ice or pro1essionPc/ ,BP ord/ cause the claimant to $e shunned or avoided/

,hether or not a statement has that e11ect is measured against the standard o1 thereasona$le man generally and not a limited class o1 people , o1 mem$ers o1 society/

8


9/16

ommon examples o1 #hat may $e considered de1amatory are allegations that suggest aperson is:- 0mmoral- ishonest- orrupt- ,- 0ncompetent

- 6he producer o1 shoddy goods

%tandards o1 morality constantly change and so #hat #ould have $een immoral ,1/

etermining the meaning o1 #ords gives rise to a great degree o1 uncertainty in a li$el action/0t is not only the super1icial meaning that may $e de1amatory $ut also ,11/ 6here are threelevels o1 meaning to $e a#are o1:(/ the &at*ra# a&d %rd"&ar )ea&"&' in other #ords the meaning on the 1ace o1the #ordsP2/ "&3ere&(e' in other #ords a meaning that can $e ,1.P and-/ "&&*e&d%' a meaning #hich can $e attri$uted to the #ords $y readers #ho have a

specialist 4no#ledge/ 6he onus is ,1/to the innuendo and that these 1acts are 4no#n to thereaders/ 7or example' to say that a person eats meat is not de1amatory on its 1aceP i1'ho#ever' some readers 4no# that the person pro1esses to $e a committed vegetarian' thestatement may $e considered de1amatory' suggesting he is hypocritical or dishonest/6he #ords must $e put in their 1ull context' including headings and captions to anyphotographs/ 7or the purpose o1 deciding #hether #ords are de1amatory' ,10/ "ll that mattersis the impression #hich the #ords give to readers/

0nsolvent or in 1inancial di11iculties

#ould $e understood to re1er to them $y even one other person

1the court can extend this time

to prove that he has in 1act su11ered any loss

any HhiddenH meaning #hich can $e in1erred

expose the claimant to hatred' ridicule or contempt

on the claimant to sho# the 1acts giving rise

t#enty years ago may not necessarily $e so today

the intention o1 the author is irrelevant

material $roadcast on television or radio

read $et#een the lines #ithout any specialist 4no#ledge

#ho may have di11erent standards 1rom the majority

Governmental $odies local authorities' central government $odies3

9


10/16

i1 it tends to do any one o1 the 1ollo#ing

Ruc4 S .artners' also ,$ee>su$stantial legal costs' $y some estimates

,e'(eed())')))' though no #rit #as ever issued/ Many years ago the 1irm


11/16

U V

0s school attendance compulsory 1or sixteen>year olds

V U

0s a$ortion illegal in 8ritain

U V

0s the %cottish legal system di11erent 1rom *ngland


12/16

2/ ,hich do the 1ollo#ing require: rati1ication' implementation or neither o1 these

regulations

directives

amendments to *+ treaties

-/ ,hat 4inds o1 secondary legislation are not mandatoryC/ ,hat does 7irst 0nstance mean ,hat 4ind o1 case' there1ore' #ould the

*uropean ourt o1 Justice normally consider

5/ ,hat language is acquis communautaire 9o# #ould you express the idea in*nglish

/ Me)ber $tate$

(/ Na)ethe 2& countries that are currently *+ mem$ers' in the order in #hichthey joined:

a3 the six 1ounder mem$ers (E53' $3 three that joined in (E-' c3 one (E&('

d3 t#o >(E&D' e3 three (EE5' 13 ten 2))C' g3 t#o 2)) h3 one 2)(-/2/ 7or each country' +6at &%*&denotes a national o1 the country and +6at

ad8e(t"!ere1ers to the country or its language

-/ W6"(6 %33"("a# #a&*aes3 is@are not included in the list o1 adjectives a$ove

0 Most o1 the lines in the text overlea1 have an extra #ord that does not $elong/ Cr%$$ "t%*tin the line and +r"teit 0n the $ox at the end o1 the line' as in the example/ 0n a 1e# linesthere is no surplus #ord: +r"te;OK< in the $ox at the end o1 the line' as in the example/

6he *uropean +nion is $uilt up on an institutional system #hich is the only one o1 itsup

4ind in the #orld/ 6he Mem$er %tates delegate sovereignty 1or certain matters to O0ndependent institutions #hich represent the interests o1 the +nion as in a #hole' its

mem$er countries and its citiKens/ 6he ommission traditionally upholds to the interests

o1 the +nion' #hile 1or each national government is represented #ithin the ouncil' and

the *uropean .arliament is directly elected $y citiKens/ 6his institutional triangle o1

ommission' ouncil and .arliament is 1lan4ed $y t#o or more institutions > the ourt

o1 Justice and the ourt o1 "uditors > and 1ive other *uropean $odies/ 6hese latter 1ive

$odies #ill $e loo4ed at $elo#/ 0n the addition thirteen specialised agencies have $eenset up to handle #ith certain essentially technical' scienti1ic' or management tas4s/

4%+ t6e EU +%r>$

2 Mat(6the 1ive main *+ institutions to their respective roles' as in the example

*uropean .arliament executive $ody #hich initiates legislation

ouncil o1 the +nion representatives o1 the governments o1 theMem$er %tates #ho ta4e the political initiatives

*uropean ommission consults #ith the executive and holds it to account

12


13/16

ourt o1 Justice see4s sound and la#1ul management o1 the *+ $udget

ourt o1 "uditors secures compliance #ith * la#

; 7ive 1urther $odies are part o1 the institutional system/ Mat(6these to their respectiveroles:

*uropean *conomic and contri$utes to *+ o$jectives $y 1inancing pu$lic%ocial ommittee and private long>term investments

*uropean =m$udsman responsi$le 1or monetary policy and 1oreignexchange operations

ommittee o1 the Regions deals #ith complaints 1rom citiKens concerningmaladministration $y an *+ institution or $ody

*uropean 0nvestment 8an4 expresses the opinions o1 regional and localauthorities on regional policy' environment' and

education*uropean entral 8an4 expresses the opinions o1 organised civil society on

economic and social issues

B L"$te& to the 1unction descriptions that a student #ill read out andde("de#hichinstitution each o1 them relates to: either C"#' 1or C%*&("# %3 t6e E*r%pea& U&"%&3'"$1or E*r%pea& Par#"a)e&tHor "C1or E*r%pea& C%))"$$"%&3/

%&ource' "uropa &erver(

( 2 - C 5 D

EUROPEAN ARREST WARRANT group

This warrant has been issued by a competent judicial authority. I request that the person mentioned below be arrested and

surrendered for the purposes of conducting a criminal prosecution or eecuting a custodial sentence or detention order.

a3 0n1ormation regarding the identity o1 the requested person:

%urname: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 7orenames3: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Maiden name' i1 any: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / "liases' i1 any/ / / / / / // / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

%ex: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ationality: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

ate o1 $irth: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / .lace o1 $irth: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Residence and@or 4no#n address/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

istinctive mar4s@description o1 the requested person' and languages3 #hich the requested personunderstands i1 4no#n3:

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

$3 etails o1 domestic #arrant or judicial decision on #hich the #arrant is $ased:

ate: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Re1erence: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

13


14/16

c3 ature and legal classi1ication o1 the o11ences3 and the applica$le statutory provision@codeP detailso1 o11ences3P maximum length o1 the custodial sentence or detention order #hich may $e imposed 1orthe o11ences3: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

escription o1 the circumstances in #hich the o11ences3 #as #ere3 committed' including the time'place and degree o1 participation in the o11ences3 $y the requested person and any othercircumstances relevant to the case: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

i3 ame o1 requesting authority/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

ame o1 representative / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / .ost held title@grade3/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

7ile re1erence: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ontact tel@1ax@email3/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

=$servations concerning practical arrangements 1or the surrender/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

%ignature o1 the issuing judicial authority and@or its representative: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

(&//2))2 * =11icial Journal o1 the *uropean ommunities L (E)@(- heavily adapted3

0n groups'3"## "&the *uropean "rrest ,arrant request on the previous page "&re#at"%& t% %&e %3 t6e 3%##%+"& per$%&$ %* +"## be t%#d +6"(6 %&eH:

1 German police' $ased in the Xoll4riminalamt in ologne' are see4ing the arrest o1Jacques Gauloise' also 4no#n as YJojo lopeT/ 9e is a leading 1igure in the cigarettetra11ic4ing net#or4 #hich evaded customs duty on to$acco products and sold them at cutprices at entrances to metro stations 1rom Madrid to %toc4holm/Most o1 the gang #ere rounded up as a result o1 the Y8oomerangT operation' and' a1ter morethan t#o years o1 #or4' customs investigators #ere a$le to dismantle the structures o1 thiscriminal organisation that has $een operating in Greece' 8elgium and Germany/ Gauloise'

ho#ever' a highly placed mem$er o1 the 8elgian hu$ o1 the smuggling operation $ased nearLiZge' avoided arrest/9e is no# $elieved' on the $asis o1 intercepted telephone calls' to $e living in .iraeus

and ma4ing regular contact #ith 4no#n criminals in "thens/

. +B police are see4ing the arrest o1 8ernardette Madeley' n)e.onKi' aged DE' #hopleaded guilty in March 2))E at the entral riminal ourt to (( charges connected #ith a-) million 1raudulent investment scheme she and un4no#n associates had $een operatingsince (EE/ =n the strength o1 recognisances provided $y mem$ers o1 her 1amily' $ail #asgranted pending 1ormal sentencing in June/ 9o#ever' the de1endant 1ailed to appear at thenext hearing on ( "pril and she has since $een photographed sun$athing on an unidenti1ied$each alleged to $e situated on the #est coast o1 %ardinia/

14


15/16

%he 1aces consecutive terms o1 imprisonment o1 up to years/ 9er 1inancial victimsincluded cele$rity clients and several charities and pension 1unds' #ho #ere all ta4en in $yher reputation 1or pro$ity and long experience o1 the money mar4ets/

/ Latvian police are see4ing the arrest o1 JerKy =4rasa' a .olish citiKen resident in Riga'on suspicion o1 setting 1ire to several noted post>#ar pu$lic $uildings in the centre o1 thecapital city in the autumn o1 2))&/ " man o1 previous good character' he $egan to exhi$iterratic and anti>social $ehaviour a1ter a prolonged dispute #ith his estranged #i1e overaccess to their children/

%hortly a1ter hristmas he le1t his rented 1lat and has $een reportedly in contact #ith1riends and relatives in [odK and ,arsa#/ Last month' a security guard at the .alace o1 "rtsand ulture in ,arsa# reported an altercation #ith a man 1itting =4rasasounding #ords in itT a1ter he 1ound him ta4ingmeasurements inside the $uilding and ma4ing chal4 mar4s on the #alls and steps aroundthe entrance/

0 anish prosecutors are see4ing the arrest o1 Jens %\ren Grundtvig' 1ormer director o1

the Modern "rt Museum in =dense' #ho a$sconded #ith t#enty paintings valued at a total o1]-5 million/ 6he paintings' part o1 a collection $y early expressionists on themes suggested$y 1ol4 tales' #ere sent to u$lin on temporary loan to the ity "rt Gallery/ Grundvigcollected them in person 1rom u$lin "irport in January b*t t6e &e!er arr"!ed at t6eGa##er:

T6ere "$ &% re(%rd %3 Gr*&dt!" 6a!"& #e3t Ire#a&d b*t 6"$ pre$e&t +6ereab%*t$are &%t >&%+&: A& art dea#er 3r%) Ga#+a !"$"t"& Ode&$e a$ a t%*r"$t re(e&t#rep%rted $")"#ar"t"e$ %3 $t#e bet+ee& $%)e e'6"b"t$ "& t6e M%der& Art M*$e*) a&d$%)e %3 a $er"e$ %3 #are +ater(%#%*r$ a&d %"# pa"&t"&$ a 3%re"& per$%&K 6ad bee&atte)pt"& t% $e## t% (%##e(t%r$ a&d pr"!ate art a##er"e$ ar%*&d t6e Ga#+a a&d

We$tp%rt area$: T6"$ t%*r"$t (#a")$ t% 6a!e bee& $*$p"("%*$ at t6e t")e a&d rep%rtedt6e )atter t% t6e #%(a# p%#"(e "& Ire#a&d:

PASSI7ES

*igg J delivered a dissenting +udgment., dissenting +udgment was delivered -y *igg J.

0n everyday *nglish' the passive is not used very much' partly $ecause it is more complicated

than the active and less economical o1 language/ "n exception is i1 #e don


16/16

( 6he application 1or an injunction #as rejected/

2 0 #as advised to sue the retailer/

- 6he suspect #as not pic4ed out in the identi1ication parade/

C 6he contract #as rescinded/5 " 8ill $ecomes la# once the Royal "ssent is signed/

D My #allet #as stolen/

0t is su$mitted that section Ca3 o1 the "ct precludes this conduct/

& 6he de1endant #as acquitted o1 murder/

E 0t #as alleged that the cele$rity had a drug pro$lem/

() 0 #as 1ined 5) 1or speeding/

(( Legal "id is no longer granted 1or negligence claims/

(2 6he case #as a$andoned $ecause o1 the poor prospect o1 a conviction/

(- " precedent has $een set in this judgment on appeal 1rom the ourt o1 "ppeal/

(C 6he prisoner has $een put in solitary con1inement/

(5 " right o1 #ay has $een granted across this 1ield/

(D Iou are not allo#ed to carry an o11ensive #eapon/

( 0t is estimated that over E)O o1 civil actions are settled $e1ore trial/

(& 6he respondent is prohi$ited 1rom approaching #ithin ())m o1 the petitioner/

(E &cott v ,veryis o1ten cited in commercial contract cases/

2) 6he house4eeper #as le1t 5))) in the #ill/

16

inglês jurídico ii materials first part 2014.doc

Documents