STIKES MUHAMMADIIYAH CIIAMIS2015

Makalah Disusun untuk Memenuhi TugasMatakuliah BAHASA INGGRISNAMAAdi supriyatnaNIM14DA277032Jurusan: d3 analis kesehatantingkat: 1b/II

. PREFACEPraise be to Allah authors say because of the grace and His guidance I can attend lectures on campus to finish this paper well and smoothly . The title of the paper is " ON CHOLESTEROL " .Makalah is structured as a language course assignment inggriis Hopefully this paper can be useful and provide a bit of information that can be used as appropriate . To the authors accept with good all criticism and suggestions . End the authors apologize if there are words - words that are not pleasing . Thank you.

CIAMIS 24 APRIL 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION ..............................A. BACKGROUNDB. SCOPEC. OBJECTIVESBAB.2DISCUSSION / THEORETICAL REVIEW ............A. UNDERSTANDING CHOLESTEROLB. CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT SYSTEMC. EFFECTS OF CHOLESTEROL FOR BODYD. CAUSE HIS HIGH CHOLESTEROLE. FAKKTOR CAUSE HIS HIGH CHOLESTEROLF. FACTORS CAUSE DISEASE CHOLESTEROLG. HANDLING HIPER CHOLESTEROLCHAPTER . 3CONCLUSION .............................................A. CONCLUSIONB. ADVICEC. REFERENCESPART IINTRODUCTION

A. Background

Cholesterol is a fat molecule in the cell is divided into LDL, HDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Cholesterol is actually one component of fat. As we know, the fat is one of the nutrients that are needed by our body in addition to other nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Fat is one energy source that gives the highest calories. Besides, as one source of energy, is actually fat or cholesterol in particular is a substance that is needed by our body, especially to form the walls of the cells in the body (www.infopenyakit.com).

Health is very important, therefore we do not forget the health to be maintained, from a variety of existing disease and various treatment done, this paper is made in order to increase knowledge in order mengehui to attempt an integrated and comprehensive health in the form of individual health efforts and public health efforts at self-medication. Health efforts was held in the form of activity with the approach of promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services are implemented in an integrated, comprehensive, and continuous (www.ningharmanto.com).

B. Scope

Cholesterol is a fat molecule in the cell is divided into LDL, HDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Cholesterol is actually one component of fat. As we know, the fat is one of the nutrients that are needed by our body in addition to other nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Fat is one energy source that gives the highest calories.Judging from their chemical structure, cholesterol is a fatty substance that is complex. Most of the cholesterol circulating in the human body produced by the body (in the liver), reaching 80% of total cholesterol. The rest (20%) was obtained from food.Cholesterol is divided into two, namely LDL cholesterol transports cholesterol from the liver, where he produced to tissues that need. While HDL transports excess cholesterol from tissues and bring it back to the liver for reprocessing or disposed of the body.There are several causes of high cholesterol include age and gender, diet, weight, less mobile, certain diseases, smoking and family history of disease.Cholesterol levels in the blood remain extremely important to be monitored. Because then our body's health status can be detected early before we get complaints signal of symptoms hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol levels that need to be considered is the balance between the levels of HDL and LDL cholesterol. As for himself pnting Triglycerides also considered to be monitored must diangka are kept low.C. Purposea. General PurposeTo tell my friends to be able to understand and learn Understanding Cholesterol , Type Cholesterol , Cholesterol Causes and others - others .b . special purpose1. To find out how many people who have known cholesterol2. To know how dangerous high cholesterol for the body3. To determine the types of cholesterol4. To determine the cause of cholesterol and handling5. To know how to respond to and control of cholesterol in the body .

BAB.2A.. Understanding CholesterolCholesterol is a fatty substance produced by the liver. Cholesterol can be found throughout the body and is vital to the functioning of the body against everyday (Simple Guide cholesterol, 2007).In addition, cholesterol is similar materials such as wax and grease actually necessary for our health. Cholesterol is an essential component of every cell and is required by the body to perform many basic functions. Cholesterol helps the liver produces bile, which is needed to digest fat, and is the precursor from which the body makes the adrenal gland and sex hormones. Cholesterol also form a protective cloak around the walls of the cell and nerve myelin sheath, as well as working as a lubricant on the walls of the arteries, helps blood flow.Equal amounts of cholesterol is essential for the body. Too little cholesterol is unhealthy, together with too much. Cholesterol levels below 135 can be a sign of stress kalenjer adrenal, severe liver damage (due to chemicals, drugs, or hepatitis), as well as autoimmune disorders or "attack yourself" like allergies, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Decreased cholesterol levels have also been linked to cancer and immune function disorders in general are looked through fatigue.If more than the amount that can be processed and used by the body, cholesterol can be deposited in the walls of blood vessels, which then becomes harmful to the body. The increase in cholesterol levels, ie angkannya more than 200, a single risk factor most important in coronary heart disease.The relationship between cholesterol and heart disease is very complicated, because the fact that the body produces two main forms of cholesterol. Cholesterol is carried through the bloodstream in two protein components: low density lipoproteins (Low Density Lipoprotein / HDL) and high density lipoprotein (High Density Lipoprotein / HDL). LDL cholesterol is considered "bad", or damaging, because it carries cholesterol from the liver to body cells and blood vessels in which cholesterol was then living in the cells lining the walls of the arteries. While HDL is considered "good", or protect, because membaawa cholesterol from the arterial wall to the liver, where cholesterol is broken down to be removed from the body.B. Transportation Systems CholesterolCholesterol can not move itself in the body because it does not dissolve in water. Therefore, cholesterol is transported as part of a structure called lipoproteins. Imagine lipoprotein like a train that transports cholesterol throughout the body.Cholesterol itself is not changed. Transport of cholesterol, the 'train' or lipoproteins, which determines what happens with cholesterol that carried it. Mengagkut LDL cholesterol from the liver, where he produced to tissues that need. LDL is the largest transporter of cholesterol in the blood. Whereas HDL cholesterol transport excess cholesterol from tissues and bring it back to the liver for reprocessing or disposed of the body.Triglycerides including the 'evil' which also need to be aware. Such as LDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels are also associated with an increased risk of heart disease and other vascular diseases. People with high triglyceride levels (above the current limit of 1.7 mmol / L), often have high cholesterol levels, high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol. It is like the triad despite high levels of triglycerides carry their own risk, but that risk is enhanced when accompanied by low HDL cholesterol levels, a state that often occurs in people with diabetes or in prediabetes. Increased levels of LDL cholesterol triglycerides also create more damage and is toxic to the artery wall (increasingly become evil) and reduce the beneficial effects of good HDL cholesterol.Triglyceride levels in the blood are often grouped together cholesterol levels. Triglycerides are fats found in meat, dairy products, and cooking oil, as well as the main energy source for the body. Triglycerides are also found in body fat stores and fractions derived from fat in the liver. Seperri cholesterol, triglycerides are fats that circulate in the blood. LDL cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides are called 'blood lipids'.C. Effect Cholesterol For BodyResearch over the past decade menjunjukkan that cholesterol is only hiding in the cells lining the arteries, does not always turn into artery-clogging plaque. Now thought process that makes a component of LDL oxidation of cholesterol to be so dangerous. Oxidation occurs when the antioxidant system in the body can not neutralize unstable molecules that changed negatively and called free radicals. Free radicals occur naturally in the body or can be initiated by exposure to pollutants lingkunganseperti cigarette smoke, chemicals, drugs nd free prescription drugs, heavy metals, and stress.Without enough antioxidant protection, HDL cholesterol combine with oxygen and form of oxy-cholesterol. These substances work in the arterial wall are highly reactive free radicals, in which the substance is irritating to the arterial wall, which started the process of inflammation, and ultimately contribute to plaque formation. If not addressed, this plaque will eventually completely shut down the affected artery or broken and destroyed, causing angina, and possibly, heart attack stroke.Because of a mix between kolesterolbaik cholesterol (HDL) and bad (LDL) cholesterol level checks are grouped into total cholesterol (LDL and HDL amount circulating in the blood), and triglycerides. The higher the amount of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, the higher the risk of heart disease. Conversely, the higher levels of HDL cholesterol, the lower the risk of heart problems.

' D. Causes of High CholesterolBlood cholesterol levels can be affected by what we eat. If the cholesterol that is more than the body's natural mechanisms to deal with it, cholesterol can stick to the walls of the blood vessels, making it so much narrower. Because it is used by the liver to produce cholesterol, saturated fat consumption of excessive amounts can increase blood cholesterol levels significantly. Fatty red meat and dairy products are the main source of cholesterol and saturated fats from food. In addition, saturated fat that has been used or have been fried, smoked, preserved, or stored, eggs and flour also moldly cheese (often found in fast food), contains a number of oxy-high cholesterol and improve blood cholesterol levels.Food and following circumstances most instrumental in causing high cholesterol levels:1. Lack of amino acids due to low-quality protein intake2. Lack of antioxidants (vitamins C and E, selenium, and zinc) due to low intake of fruit and vegetables3. Biotin deficiency and carnitine (material associated with vitamin B) due to the whole Cereal processing4. Essential fatty acid deficiency due to low-quality fat care5. Excessive alcohol intake6. hydrogenated fat or fat intake excessive refined (lard, grease for pastries or shortening, oil seeds fan, palm oil, margarine, etc.) that are found in many processed foods7. Excessive intake of starch (corn, white potatoes, etc.)8. Excessive sugar intake yan found in many processed foods9. Lack of fiber due to the lack of intake of fruits and vegetables10. Allergy food11. Lack of hormones (testosterone, DHEA, estrogen, growth hormone, and others)12. Liver dysfunction13. Increase of tissue damage due to infection, radiation, impaired hepatic function, or oxidative activity.

E. Causes of High CholesterolThere are several possible reasons why high cholesterol levels and can also be controlled, but some can not be controlled. Below are some of the factors that cause blood cholesterol levels to be high:AGE AND SEXIncreased cholesterol levels within certain limits is a natural thing that happens in the aging process. In other words, the older we get, the more time we have to destroy the body. High cholesterol levels increase with age in men and women. In men tingggi cholesterol levels seen in age between the ages of 45 to 54 years. In women, the highest cholesterol levels between the ages of 55 to 64 years. This trend shows that heart disease differ between men and women, with coronary heart kejadianpenyakit in women is usually more than 10 years than men.DIETARY HABITPeople who are most at risk of having high cholesterol levels are those that apply diets containing high levels of fat jenuhyang. Saturated fats (found in meat, butter, cheese, and cream) increase levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood. However, a healthy diet can lower cholesterol levels sekirat 5-10%, even more. Reduce your intake of saturated fats (replacing them with monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats) and eat more fruits, vegetables, salad, plant sterols and soy can also help. Cooking methods such as baking healthier than frying can also be performed.WEIGHTExcess body weight is not only interfere with the appearance but more bad health effects. Being overweight can increase triglycerides and lower HDL (good cholesterol).LESS MOVEThe human body is designed to always move so it is advisable to move much. Less moves can increase LDL (bad cholesterol) and lowers HDL (good cholesterol).CERTAIN DISEASESIt could be we've been trying to stay away from fatty foods but still high cholesterol. The possibility that we Have certain diseases such as diabetes or hypothyroidism that can cause us to be high cholesterol.

SMOKINGSmoking can lower good cholesterol, so that circulate in the body just bad cholesterol. This bad cholesterol if not controlled can lead to fatal.Itulah several Cause High Cholesterol (detikhealth) that could happen to everyone and keep in mind also said to have normal cholesterol levels if the size is 160-200 mg while entering a dangerous condition if it is above 240 mg causing a stroke.FAMILY HISTORY OF DISEASEFamilial hypercholesterolemia (HF) is a term for high cholesterol syndrome that is passed down from generation to generation. In short, high cholesterol levels are determined by a defective gene and nothing can be done to avoid it. Persons with HF has a very high cholesterol levels (typically 8-12 mmol / L, more often and rarely below that value. Persons with HF are more at risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. HF begins at birth and persists for life.

F. Risk Factors Heart disease and stroke Due to CholesterolIf the levels of cholesterol in the blood exceeds the normal value, then the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke will be greater. Excess cholesterol can cause mengendapnya cholesterol in the walls of blood vessels that lead to narrowing and hardening of the arteries, known as atherosclerosis (the formation of plaque in blood vessels).If the narrowing and hardening is quite heavy, causing the blood supply to the heart muscle is not adequate, then the resulting pain or chest pain known as angina. And if continued would lead to the death of heart muscle tissue called a myocardial infarction. If the widespread myocardial infarction, heart failure arises it will be.In addition to LDL cholesterol, other risk factors that increase the occurrence of heart disease are smoking, low HDL values (