information and pool sap2000 manuals english problem 1-002

8/10/2019 Information and Pool Sap2000 Manuals English Problem 1-002

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COMPUTERS &

STRUCTURES

INC.

R Software Verification

PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000

REVISION NO.: 0

EXAMPLE 1-002 - 1

EXAMPLE 1-002

FRAME - TEMPERATURE LOADING

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION

The various types of frame temperature loads that can be modeled in SAP2000

are tested in this example using a cantilever beam and a propped cantilever beam.

The beam is a 2 inch wide by inch deep rectangular section.

In SAP2000, three types of temperature loads can be applied on a frame element:

an overall change in temperature (with respect to a reference temperature); atemperature variation along the element length in the local 1 direction; and a

temperature gradient perpendicular to the element length (local 2 or 3 directions).

For this example, each of these types of temperature loads is applied separately

to both the cantilever beam and the propped cantilever beam. The free-end

displacements in the cantilever beam model and the end reaction in the proppedcantilever beam model are compared to independent hand calculated results.

Important Note: Shear deformations are ignored in this analysis. In SAP2000this is achieved by setting the property modification factor for shear to 0.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

10"

Model A

Model B

Material Properties

Temperature Loads

E = 29,000 k/in2

α = 0.0000065 /°F

Load Case 1: Increase of 20 °F defined using a reference temperature of 80 °F and a temperatureloading of 100 °F

Load Case 2: Variation along local 1-axis (X-axis) of 2 °F per inch of element length (20 °F in all)Load Case 3: Gradient along 2-axis (bending about 3-axis) of 20 °F per linear inch (60 °F in 3“ of

section height)

Section Properties

A = 6 in2

I = 4.5 in4

Z

X2"

3 "

2

3

Section C-C

C

C

C

C



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REVISION NO.: 0

EXAMPLE 1-002 - 2

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED

The specification of Reference temperature Joint patterns

The application of Temperature increase Transverse temperature gradient

The calculation of Displacements in free expansion Reaction forces in restrained cases caused by temperature loads

RESULTS COMPARISON

Independent results for load cases 1 and 2 are hand calculated using standard

thermal expansion formulas. Results for load case 3 in Model B are hand

calculated using Table 3 items 6a and 6c on page 107 in Roark and Young 1975.

Model A: Free-End Cantilever

LoadCase

OutputParameter SAP2000 Independent

PercentDifference

1 Ux (free end) (in) 0.00130 0.00130 0%

2 Ux (free end) (in) 0.00065 0.00065 0%

3 Uz (free end) (in) -0.00650 -0.00650 0%

Model B: Propped Cantilever

LoadCase

OutputParameter SAP2000 Independent

PercentDifference

1 Fx (at prop) (kips) -22.62 -22.62 0%

2 Fx (at prop) (kips) -11.31 -11.31 0%

3 Fz (at prop) (kips) 2.545 2.545 0%



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REVISION NO.: 0

EXAMPLE 1-002 - 3

COMPUTER FILE: Example 1-002a, Example 1-002b

CONCLUSION

The SAP2000 results and the independent results match exactly.



COMPUTERS &

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REVISION NO.: 0

EXAMPLE 1-002 - 4

HAND CALCULATION



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REVISION NO.: 0

EXAMPLE 1-002 - 5

information and pool sap2000 manuals english problem 1-002

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