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Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeManagementManagement
A Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives PerspectiveDr Barbara CarbyDr Barbara Carby
The Cayman IslandsThe Cayman IslandsAtAt
CTO Conference, JamaicaCTO Conference, JamaicaSeptember 2006September 2006
[email protected]@gov.ky
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT?WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT?
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT?WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT?
The nonsense of 'knowledge The nonsense of 'knowledge management'management'
T.D. WilsonT.D. WilsonProfessor EmeritusProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Sheffield, UKUniversity of Sheffield, UKVisiting Professor, Visiting Professor, HHöögskolangskolan i i BorBorååssBorBorååss, Sweden, Sweden
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspective s Perspective
““THE NONSENSE OF KNOWLEDGETHE NONSENSE OF KNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT””
!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!
Where !!!= consternationWhere !!!= consternation!!!!!! = Alarm!!!!!! = Alarm
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Professor WilsonProfessor Wilson’’ssreview of literature showedreview of literature showedthat when that when ‘‘Knowledge Knowledge
ManagementManagement’’ was usedwas used‘‘Information ManagementInformation Management’’was describedwas described
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE ?WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE ?
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
The state or fact of knowingThe state or fact of knowingLogical but not enlighteningLogical but not enlightening
Familiarity, awareness or Familiarity, awareness or understanding gained through understanding gained through experienceexperience
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
The sum or range of what The sum or range of what has been perceived, has been perceived, discovered and/or discovered and/or learnedlearned
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Knowledge must involve Knowledge must involve human information human information processing and resides processing and resides in brainin brain
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Can knowledge be Can knowledge be managed?managed?
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Disaster/Risk Managers must Disaster/Risk Managers must ensure that the public isensure that the public isaware, alerted. Usually meansaware, alerted. Usually meansGiving Data and InformationGiving Data and Information
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Using Storm systems as Using Storm systems as example, warning usually example, warning usually starts as data gathered by starts as data gathered by ““technologytechnology””, , Gets translated to Gets translated to information information (scientists ?)(scientists ?)
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Needs further translation toNeeds further translation touseful informationuseful information
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Transformation from Transformation from datadata to to useful informationuseful information involvesinvolves
‘‘KnowledgeKnowledge’’ as previously as previously defineddefined
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
This transformation is This transformation is criticalcritical
for most appropriate and for most appropriate and effective warning effective warning message to be given.message to be given.
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Data (Storm System)Data (Storm System)(weather stations, satellites, radar)(weather stations, satellites, radar)
17N LAT, 76 W LONG17N LAT, 76 W LONGPressure 1004 millibarsPressure 1004 millibarsForward speed 15 kmhForward speed 15 kmhWind speed 60 kmhWind speed 60 kmh
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
That data useless to persons That data useless to persons who have not been exposed who have not been exposed to lat, long etc.to lat, long etc.
Has to be changed into Has to be changed into informationinformation
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Storm is 100 miles (southwest of )Storm is 100 miles (southwest of )below Kingstonbelow KingstonMoving at a speed of x mph etcMoving at a speed of x mph etctowards Rocky Pointtowards Rocky Point(Some persons do not understand(Some persons do not understandMetric system)Metric system)
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Knowledge must now be added Knowledge must now be added to give useful informationto give useful informationWinds will start at 2:00pmWinds will start at 2:00pm
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Strong enough to blow small Strong enough to blow small cars off road, motorists using cars off road, motorists using Smith Road should be careful Smith Road should be careful as area known to have strong as area known to have strong winds.winds.
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
The Shore Road is like likely toThe Shore Road is like likely tobe impassable by 5:00pm be impassable by 5:00pm based on Projections etc.based on Projections etc.
Leave now !Leave now !
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Data,Data,
InformationInformationProcessedProcessedBy HumanBy HumanBrain which appliesBrain which appliesknowledgeknowledge
USEFUL INFORMATION
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Knowledge allows same data toKnowledge allows same data to
be adapted to various audiencesbe adapted to various audiences
applying appropriate applying appropriate communications technologycommunications technology
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
SAME DATASAME DATA
POLICY LEVEL POLICY LEVEL President to address NationPresident to address Nation(Mass media)(Mass media)
OPERATIONSOPERATIONS PrePre--stage, open sheltersstage, open shelters(radio, cell phone, pagers, email)(radio, cell phone, pagers, email)
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY Evacuate Evacuate Mass media, radios, cell phones incMass media, radios, cell phones incmessages to multiple usersmessages to multiple users
POSTPOST--IMPACTIMPACT AssessmentAssessment -- Satellite phones, GPSSatellite phones, GPShandsets, handsets,
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
OR SAME DATA OR SAME DATA –– DO NOT GIVE DO NOT GIVE ALERT AT SAME TIMEALERT AT SAME TIME
Because the sum of what has been Because the sum of what has been perceived, discovered or learnt i.e. perceived, discovered or learnt i.e. knowledge, (mainly that public knowledge, (mainly that public doesndoesn’’t like t like ““false alarmsfalse alarms””) means ) means that future credibilitythat future credibility
must be factored into equationmust be factored into equation
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Effective communication acknowledges Effective communication acknowledges validity of othersvalidity of others’’ knowledgeknowledge
Community too has Community too has ‘‘perceived, perceived, discovered and learntdiscovered and learnt’’, therefore , therefore they too have knowledge which is to they too have knowledge which is to be applied. Disaster management be applied. Disaster management officials must somehow integrate this officials must somehow integrate this knowledge into knowledge into ““officialofficial”” systemssystems
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
HOW CAN THE D/E/R MANAGEMENT HOW CAN THE D/E/R MANAGEMENT COMMUNTY BENEFIT FROM COMMUNTY BENEFIT FROM KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE
Since it cannot be Since it cannot be ““managedmanaged””??
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
LEADERSHIP MUST ENSURELEADERSHIP MUST ENSURE
EXPOSUREEXPOSURE to new technology, data, to new technology, data, information, experiences for RM information, experiences for RM staff, volunteers, community workers staff, volunteers, community workers –– leads to new knowledgeleads to new knowledge
RM RM -- Risk ManagementRisk Management
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATIONSHARE knowledge SHARE knowledge –– must involve human must involve human
interaction interaction –– workshops, workshops, ee--discussion discussion groups,groups, scholarly and nonscholarly and non--scholarly scholarly writing,writing, use of cultural/popular mediause of cultural/popular media--internet (internet (regularlyregularly updated websites), updated websites), cable television, music videoscable television, music videos
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
Note: Use of webNote: Use of web--based applicationsbased applicationsallows realallows real--time management of any event time management of any event
from any location with multiple user inputs from any location with multiple user inputs –– Virtual EOC including videoVirtual EOC including video--conferencingconferencing
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
RESEARCHRESEARCH
Gather data from a variety of sources Gather data from a variety of sources ––Physical/natural/social /behavioral sciencesPhysical/natural/social /behavioral sciencesTo help create new knowledge (or modified To help create new knowledge (or modified
knowledge?)knowledge?)
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
ANALYSIS AND FEEDBACKANALYSIS AND FEEDBACK
Analyse events, interventions, programmes, Analyse events, interventions, programmes, exercises etc. and feedback to improve exercises etc. and feedback to improve procedures, plans, ensure more efficient procedures, plans, ensure more efficient use of technology use of technology
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
Information and Communications Information and Communications Technology facilitates knowledge sharing Technology facilitates knowledge sharing –– allows wider allows wider –– global global –– reach of DRR reach of DRR message, allows manipulation of data to message, allows manipulation of data to permit modelling of complex systems permit modelling of complex systems ––and spatial displays of data (GIS) etc.and spatial displays of data (GIS) etc.
DRR DRR –– Disaster Risk ReductionDisaster Risk Reduction
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
SUMMARYSUMMARY
Knowledge is built from data and Knowledge is built from data and informationinformation
Requires integration of information Requires integration of information and communications technology and and communications technology and brain technology to ensure successfulbrain technology to ensure successfuldisaster risk reductiondisaster risk reduction
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
SUMMARYSUMMARY
““ManagementManagement”” must involve sharingmust involve sharingof :of :
Information and Communications Information and Communications TechnologyTechnology
Knowledge of technology and applicationsKnowledge of technology and applicationsincluding most appropriate technologyincluding most appropriate technologyfor circumstancesfor circumstances
Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective
SUMMARYSUMMARY
It is the responsibility of DRR leadership It is the responsibility of DRR leadership to ensure that :to ensure that :
i)i) Structures permitting sharing and Structures permitting sharing and exchange are developed and maintainedexchange are developed and maintainednecessarily includes application of necessarily includes application of available ICTavailable ICT
ii)ii) New knowledge is created and appliedNew knowledge is created and appliedDRRDRR-- Disaster Risk ReductionDisaster Risk Reduction