information and communication technologies in health care service
DESCRIPTION
A case study exploring elements within the use and possible future use of Internet and mobile technologies for health service deliveryTRANSCRIPT
Information and communication technologies in health care
service delivery
An exploratory study
Acknowledging that technology as used in healthcare service delivery is a
social-technical system
A case study exploring elements within the use and possible future
use of Internet and mobile technologies
for health service delivery
Service sector under scrutiny -midwifery service delivery
Midwifery health service sector was chosen: Why?
• Users of midwifery service are well women who receive relatively standardised care for a clearly defined period of time.
• Data collection does not interfere with service delivery as semi-structured interview data is collected after the healthcare service encounter.
• Women ~15 – 45 are likely to be active users of new technologies compared with other groups of people receiving healthcare.
Why (continued)
• Midwives practice in clinics and birthing centres/hospitals and women’s homes, therefore it is a mobile service setting and mobility presents a challenge.
• Different generational populations have different perceptions and expectations. Current service users are predominantly ‘generation Y’ (~18 – 32) but ‘generation Z’ (0 – 18) are now reaching childbearing age and are the first generation to be termed ‘digital natives’. Marketers of products and services are heeding these generational differences.
Time frame under scrutiny (~40 weeks, women care at ~6 weeks post
conception )
Players
Guiding questions
• What are the current assets and actions (use) of technology of both groups?– Current every-day assets and actions and also– Within the defined setting
• What are the initial perceptions, attitudes and feelings of consumers (women) and health care professionals (midwives) regarding the value of using the Internet and mobile technology?
• What are the barriers (perceived or otherwise) and facilitators to acceptance of these technologies?
(continued)
• Are there time saving efficiencies?• Are there perceived risks?• Are there perceived benefits?• Can current information and communication
technologies enhance the service delivery process?
• If so, how?
Methodology
Case study using semi structured interviews and grounded theory
techniques
Case study
• Using one (of twenty one) District Health Boards (DHB) in New Zealand.
• One clearly defined geographical region (Hawke’s Bay).
• Using only independent midwives gives a tightly defined group.
• Using a population which includes a high percentage of Maori women, Pacific Island women, and rural women groups.
Data collection:Semi-structured interviews
• Midwives: who practice independently within the Hawke’s Bay region.
• Women: after they have been discharged from midwifery care.
Data collection
Mobile and Internet technologies
Explosion in growth
• There has been an explosion in the growth of information and communication technologies and particularly mobile technologies.
• There are around 45 million Internet users compared with <4 billion mobile phone subscribers (2008)*
• Cost is an inhibiter for mobile but many more now rely on mobile only and there is a clear shift in this direction..
*http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2008/29.html
The rise and rise of mobile phone subscribers *
http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2008/29.html
Percentage increase in broadband subscription rates 2004 – 2006 (NZ) *
* ttp://www.med.govt.nz/templates/MultipageDocumentPage____32729.aspx
Broadband
• New Zealand broadband subscription rates are 20th out of 24 OECD countries but the rate growth in uptake of broadband is second out of 14 countries.* *http://www.med.govt.nz/templates/MultipageDocumentPage____32729.aspx
Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants (2005)
http://www.med.govt.nz/templates/MultipageDocumentPage____32729.aspx
New Zealand has more mobile phone subscriptions than people (6th out of 24 OECD countries.*)
*http://www.med.govt.nz/templates/MultipageDocumentPage____32729.aspx
Mobile phones
• Mobile phones can be seen as disruptive technologies because they are changing the ‘traditional’ way of communicating and transferring information.
Mobile phones (continued)
• In New Zealand, there is greater use of mobile phones using 2G technology which enables voice and SMS.
• 3G networks enable high speed broadband but cost is an inhibiter.
New Zealand isstepping towards ubiquitous computing
anytime
anywhere
always available
and there is a trend towards …
Internet-centred communication
and a shift towards….
By the end of 2008, there were over three times more mobile cellular subscriptions than fixed telephone lines globally. Two thirds of those are now in the developing world compared with less than half in 2002. International Telecommunication Union Reporthttp://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2009/07.html
Mobile communication
and convergence of technologies
Health consumers are seeking and are expecting appropriate (to the person) information to
make better informed decisions.But they would do better with
guidance.
Participatory health care results in care that is
customised to the needs of each particular person. This may lead to greater
ownership of decision outcomes.
Information and communicationtechnologies are now able to
provide more and diverse ways for health care providers and patients to communicate and
transfer information.
Midwife Woman
Information from midwiveshas been found to be
important in trust development
within midwifery service delivery.
Bova, C., Fennie, K. P., Watrous, E., Dieckhaus, K. & Williams, A. B. (2006) The health care relationship(HCR) trust scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Research in nursing & health, 29, 5, 477-488.
Communication enables the midwife – women’s relationship
Recent new and converging technologies have
provided many diverse ways of communicating.
Consumer expectations
Web 2.0 aware consumers will demand to have access to, and to control their data.
Eysenbach: Consumer health informaticshttp://www.slideshare.net/eysen/eysenbach-consumer-health-informatics
Eysenbach: Consumer health informaticshttp://www.slideshare.net/eysen/eysenbach-consumer-health-informatics
Another definition of Consumer Health Informatics
Opportunities and conditions for information and communication Technologies to increase consumer satisfaction
Acceptance of new technologiesis affected by many conditions.
Venkatesh and Rogers are major contributors to understanding this topic.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G., Davis, F.D., and Davis, G.B. “User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View,” MIS Quarterly, 27, 2003, 425-478
Conditions affecting user acceptance of technologyVenkatesh
Diffusion of innovations (Rogers 1995)
Rogers, E. Diffusion of Innovations. 4th edition 1995
Rogers Diffusion of Innovation Curve (1995)
Some people take longer to accept inevitable change
Dallas Knight April 2010